History and general description of New France [microform]

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SHEA'S CHARLEVOIX.

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II 1 8 T 11 Y

AND

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

OK

NEW ERANCE.

nv

THE KEY. P. F. X. DE CHARLEVOIX, S. J.

TKANSLATI-D, WiTU NOTES, BY JOHN GILMAUV SllKA.

IN SIX VOLUMES.
VOL. IV.

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NEW YORK:

JOHN (il LMARY SHEA.
18 7 0.

■• U'-

re

Kntored tecordlng lo Aet of OnngreM, In th* jut 1870,

bt juiin oilmabt shea.

In lb* Cltrk'a Offlot or tbt District Court of lli« Unlt^l BUtM for tb* Soatbani
Dlitriot of N»w York.

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(M)NTKNTS.

liUOlv XII.

t

Koh.p of our allirti attacL tlio IroquolH. \M,\ atitl imrfldlout act of a Huron cUefto
(■ri'ttk up th.^ iHWCo an<l liivolvn tli.i Kr.ncli nioni limn ovt-r witJi the JroquoU.
Il<< umkHH DenoiiviUe boar lh« burthun of hb trracliury. Tho (lov.-rnor of N.'W
V .'k pruvrntH Uitt C.inUm* from g.'n.liiiK d.-puti.-* to tliat Ki-ntTul Stat., of trml.i
III N.!\v KrRUCf. HenumpUoH of thu proji*t of «»tabli»hin(^ WHlcnUiry rmhcrli-H
iil.iiig th.. Hi. Lawrinu-n. Abundanui of WMlfiHli and whal.-H in ibat rivtir. Wlml
|,nviiit« ibc Frt'Dch prolUlng by tliiw.- Acadian a»a»(t fluh.fri.-i). Ur.-at oflTortH ol
lb.- KngliHh to dWfrt th« Ab.'na<|uiH from our Intureut. The Chevalier de
( ulli.-rt* proc.tHlB U) France, and why ? Ho proHenta a memoir to ih.. Omrt ; Ita
O.nt-MiU*. The KiiiK tliinkH of reiullln;; the Maniuia de Denonvil!;-, and why If
What induce<l bin MajeHty to r.'8tore the Count de Krontenac to the Kenerol gnv-
ernment of New Fraiic«. IIIb in^truclions in regard to Uudaon's Bay. Ko-
co.ninendations bh to Aca.lia. < )r.ler8 concernlnK the as pe<lltion agabiHt New York
pr..iK)iM,<l by the (MievaUor de Calliere-. I'lan of thia entorpri«e. SU^I* taken to
inaure buccew. What waa to be done after the conquest of that province. Why
ii failed. lnatrudic)n« K'Vfn by the Count de Front«nac to Mr. do la Cafflniere,
cptaiu in the navy, who was to besiege Manhattan by sea. That captain, un-
obi.' to throw proviaiona or munitiona of war into Port Royal. The Count do
Frontenm' and the Cbevali-r de Calli. n-a arrive at Montreal, and the condition in
whi.li lb. y Und it. Irruplb.n of the Ir-xiuois there ; they i)erpetralo unheard-of
eru.ltlra .uid tak.. uuvuv priKouera. They atUck a fort and take the commandant
after killing all the garrison. Th.-.v are def.ate.1, Project of theae Indiana in
making the irrnpti-.n. Denonville and Cl.an.piKuy decide to abandon and de-
umliah Kort CatarcK-mv ; tb.ir r.tt.M.u.. Fn.nte.mc'» nwuiona for n.uintainiug it.
Ho umke« great preparationa to r.victual it an.l reinforce the garriaon. Hia other
views on the aulject. lie moves too late. Just «a bis convoy waa on the puintof
M.rting, !..• U.«rna that latar-rouv ia evacuaUni. New plana of the Chevalier de
C«llier..« for tb. c,.m,,u..sI of N.w Vmk. What i.r-venta the Court from accepting

them

DllHrvilK-'s exi-dili-n to llu<lson'BHay und wlial 'ed to it

Ilia aucceas.

lueui. 1/ 11" 1 ,1111 c • ^1 ■ " - — ■ , fri 1

TheC«nib.ie uud.rlake t- u.-st Fort Fen.knil from the Lnglisb. Their pious

I» CiiNTrNTH.

liri'i'iirntluti fur llii« ciiiirprUf 'i'luv lnU'' 11 Oilnr Aliriiii'|iii'< ilplvf tlio
Kiii^iwli I'miii I'liiirii'i'ii iitlii-r InrU. Scvrrul of iliinn liullittiH tliliiU nl' riMiKiviiii^
wlililii ilii< mliiiiy. I>i'tiiiiivllli<'t iiii'iiioir on till' ni'tiinl inmitluii urNi'w Kr<kii(K<
ittiil till' niiiiily III lu' ii|i|iliril l<i llif illMinliTH tlmt liml i'ri'|it in. 'I'lio Kiiit(
wIhIii'm II (IririiHivi' |Mi|ic_v |iiiri<iii'il iukI iIh' hi'IiIitm ({iiiIhtciI lulu Wiwiih. Kmntiv
niii'N I iliirUt to ^iiln till- Irmiuolii. |{i<[ity ol° tin I'antnuH to tliu prii|iiiMltiiinM niailn
tiii'lll. Ill' ri'l'-irtiH 111 i;lv>' llillli'iKV' III tht'lr ili'|Mily. li''f;UI«! IIk' I'lilrf uf tliH
ilr|>ulitliiin liiiil In' II tvitiitiii; III r.'r<|H'i'l In liiiii. A ('iiyuK'u flili't' uiiMWirH tliciu
In llU lltvil Mllllli', but III Oilll-'TI Witll lltlM. Wlllll I'tllltlnl llli' ilnvrrnnr Urn-

rrul til iiF-i'iitiii' Holiiiii);litv II toiii' Willi tJKMii TliciittiiwiiKtri'iit with ili<' Irmiii'ini
wlthimi Kr.'Mi'li liitirv.'iiiiiin, Wlmt iii.iiin'il ih'iii. llll'.iriH ol'dn la Diirniiiavo
mill till' llliH^.i mirl'H In ilic iimtiiT. Kiitli.'r ili- l'iirliili"'H li'lliT to I'lmnt de
Frunti'nac on the tuiiux iiuliju<'t, li:< i tT"'-! "ii III'' Uoii'TiiI h iiiiiul,

BOOK XML.

I<a Siilo'H projfct 8uliniitti>(l to Mr. dc Si'l);n(>Ial. and approvi'd. ('nMiniiNilon plvcn ItH
iiilllior IIU nr.nnliii'iit nnil (■<iin|itiiiliiiM. U\h ili'|iiirliiri' t'nnn Huclii'lli'.
•S|uailrnii piilH Imi'k In Kraiici'. Airain |iiitN to ncn. Pr Hriiiiji'ii ami I41 Siiln
qiinrn-l. Vi'riu'l limt by do Ui'aiiji'u'H limit. Florida dlHcovrriHl. Mr. di' la Salo
pnHW'H till' iii'iilhof i!ii' .MlK4|sHi|i|ii wiiliout |ii'n'i'ivlii^ it, lIcrrHclicr St li'Tiiard'H
lJliy,i>;iinralil wli.Ti' be \va'<. I'.r loHc.-i bin Mli)r('Mlil|). ('(iii:<i'i|iii'ii"i'H of tliiH Iohh.
I)i' Hraiiji'ii ri'liirii" to Franco. His iniricniiiluct towanlK I.u Sale Hi' IniililM two
fortH. ('oiin|ilra("y iiftainNt .liMiti'l. Sad |KiHliion of tbu colony. \,a Sulr'H i'Xc<h-
fllvc g)>viTity and ItM I'niltH. The IndiaiiH buruHs tlin Fn-ncb. l)iH|i<iHillon of tbi-
t'laniooi iM. ('linrai'ltT of till' Ci-iiIh I'oiintry. Tin' Ayinnis. La Siili' uiubcH to
m-i'k tbc .\li.-<.'*ii-'iiii]ii by m'u. Several Frmcli inaHsaiTcd by tin- Imlians. Wreck
of the fri;'ati'. .Nliitlny and plotH In the St. L<iiil8 Ncttli'im-nt. I.,a Siili''i4 ninrch t<i
till' I'l'iiiH. He loHc'H a part of bin men and falls wick. lb- Hturtw for the Illinois.
AsHassiimiion of .Nbitaiifiet. anil "if La ShIc'm lack y and biinter. I,ii Hale'H tragic
death. IIJH character. ('aluninie» |iiililiHlii'd a;.r>dii>*t him. What occiin* after
IiIh dealb. The aKMaH^inN ahKiime command, iloutil wnt to the Cenis. Uiw
receiitiim there. Fiincb demrter.'* amciiif: the CeniH. La Sali'H lunrdereis |iart
with the rest. Sad end of Ibihaiit and Liotot. Some of the French accom|iaiiy
tbu tVnis in war anil eniilib' tliein to piin u C()in;ilnte victory. Cni'lty of tin'
victors. Their rejoicingM. C'lmitm jiurHUi'd by the French. Some H'' 'o Ibu
lllinoi!'. They arrive amoiij; the .\rkiiiiMis i luir reception. Tliey n acli I'on
St. I^iiiif in the lllinoiH, and make the I''ien«;!i wlmm they meet believe tliul .Mi;
La Sale its full of lllo. They are oblij^ed to wiuter in thu Fort, 'i'hey piiHn over
to Fmnce. WImt became of the M'ttleinent of St. L'jui.-* Various adventures of
BoniP Flencliinen. Uelb clions mi La Sale's eoniluit.

(Xj rrKN'i'H. V

IJOOK XIV.

I'piJi'Cl mill |ir>'|>itruiliinii ol' ('nuiil il' Kmiili'iiur. Kx|K»lllliin ukuIiihI Cnrliir (Silir
iiiTiadyi. 'I'liit |ilm'i' nurprlM'*! uii<l tiikrri. Tlio Iiwm nf ilif Krcni'li ((n-utir in ilm
ri'tri'iil lliaii in llii' I'lipliiri' nl Hi'lifiHTl.icly KffiTl |iriKliii'i'il liy lliin i'iiiic|iii'iit.
Our iiliii'M ittiui-k cuc'li iiiliiT iinnwitri'H. Itnttli of tlinKri'itt Mulmwk llii« i iikigy,
coiivi'rxullon.ruri'i'r. KnmU'nar'mMiilmrrnNKUii'iit HlttT iliiNiulMuniliTHtmiiliiiuf, iind

how I xirii'iili-n liiiiiKiir. Si'Micnti'lri (Siilnion KhIIhi taken Ity ilrrti'l Ironi

till' l''.n>,'li»li. Tlicy iiri' iIhI'i'HI'mI ul ii liriil^o. IIitIcI jll:n^ M. ilc I'ortnrnf.
8i<'K<' <*l KuHki'lH* (Ciuaoii Buy, Kiilmouthl. Tim Kn^'liHJi ulnui'lim I'cnir furtM. Khm-
ki Ix' HiirrrniliTd, unil till' j;iirriHiiii priwincrH of war. Tlir Kn^^liHli nrrivf tiHi Ir o
Ul ri'lii'vr it. tiri'nl iriuvoy H'tii III Mii'liilliuiiikinnf, wliincK ill' liit Diiriiiitiiyi' In
ris'nll.d, IliMi'uliiKy. 'riicninviiy altHi-kiil liy tin' IriiiiuniM. Tliry nri' ilifnitril.
Ktli'i't "f tliin virtory, I'crllily of llii' Iriii|iiiii8. New liiwlility on llu'ir part. A
f;n>ot convoy nrriviw friini Mii'liillliunkinac. Frontcnat! wurimil of ilm n|>|iroa<'li
of an army of Kii^l'mli aii'l lriH|u<>lH. .Mann nt Mimtrcal. (Irrat cminril, and
what ot'currt'd nl It Siir|(riiM' ol nonii' Krciirh. Di' Irontrnur dixiuiMHi'!! Ium
ailliii. N«w rt'i'Uliit'it I'rotu till* IriH)UolM, Krontt-nncri-iiroaclK-MUurrouliari''. 'I'Imt
Inilian'H ri|ily. An Kn^.'lir'li fli'it pri'iiarrn to lM>|ip' Quilnr. Ilnw KrHiiti'iiiM!
i-aiiii' til Ih' taki'ii liy Nur|>rihi'. ('oiiiritinn of Aaiiliu at llit- tiiiir. It Ih atturkrd
by till- Knirlixli. Tlif (iovrrnor rniiiiiilntcH. Tlii< oapit illation not uhhrrvnl.
.Mr. PiTrol )HirHiii'd hy tlm KiikIIhIi. I>i- Villilioii nrrivi.'M nt I'ort Uoyal, liut (imlii
no Kii'.;li!-li tlirp'. K\|iiiiit of tlic Siciir <li' .Moiitur^Miril. Tim Kiit.'lii<li at l:<lo
I'lTci'f. I'l'rr'l takrn liy tin- Kii^rliHli. who iriat him (■liuiiii lully. Ih' in rrinki ii,
l>;.'Mnt<'rriit)Ml z.'ul uiiil liililiiy of tln' Aliriuuiiiiit. Cundiiinn of Niwliiunilliuul at
tliu (■(iiiiint'neuniriit of tlilM yrar. Placcntia Hiiritrlsrd nnd plllap'd hy tlii< Kii^^IIhIi,
Fmnt'iiai arrivi^at (iui'liir. DiKim.-'iriiins for difiinlini,' thi- rity. Forri'imt
of thi' (iovrrnorOiiirral. KoititiralinnH of liiirbrc. Thr Kn^liHli tli'rt anrliors
bttforc (jui 'I >■'<■. Till' Kn^lihh .Xdmlnil BuminoMH the Count (h* Kronti'nai'. That
Oi'inTalV ri'|ily. l''.v|M>it nf bhiih' CanadlaiiH. Krontrnac'ri plan for ili't'i'iiilin^; ilin
jiliiri'. Action ni'ar Uruu|H>rt. Tlif .iiriiiy canTionadi' tlii- -ity wiiliuiit uiiv riKiiit.
Tlii'v ari' (il)lipil to draw otF in ^-rat iliwirdiT. Tlii' troopH mi land a^'ain
ropuliwd. Do Saintc llclcni' mortiilly wounduil. Third action mori' dccisivr than
till' two ppi'civlinif. Tlio eniMiiy ri'i'iulnrk and abandon their ^runs Tlio

iniM-arriajri' of a divirsion ill tlui diri I'linii of Mmitri'al hiivch (iurl Thi- hIi'lto

raiMil. I'"xcliaii;ri' of prisiiiiTJ. W'rrtcliid cmiilition of the Kii^'li.^li llii'i : mw
loK-eM. I'"re>li priiiifs of the llili'lity of the AbeuaqulH. Vchw-Ih arrive from I'Vaine,
nt Cineliec, l'';iinine, Z'lil of th.' ]>e ijde. The .\beiiai|ui8 ciimmit ^rreat raviiiii'*
In Nt \v Kniilniiil. Shim iiej;oliatioiis of the lroi|Ui>is. Kronli niic'a letter to
I'oiitchartniin. New IriKpioiit hoHtilities. Action at Saint ."^ulpic ■ m- Uupi-nti^'iiy.
'I'lie ('riMi..i>M. .\n IroinioiH party i>cupeH from the Freiieh, tlinr'.i.jh the fault
of the Ijiilian.'* of Siiiili Saint l.iuiiH. Kriiiileniic'n i"iispicionH t'lireon. l''al-e
pruiniHcH of ihat t;iniliil. .N' \J' lnKpiois ouiiii:<eJ. tii!. lity of the Christian

CONTENTS.

Iroquois. Our nllios continue to push the Iroquois. EuttTprise againHt Port
NdHon, dol'crrcii, and wliy. (Ireat preparations of the enemy. They approacli
Montreal. l)e Calliere's preparations for its defence. Action at La Prairie de la
Madeleine. Exploit ui Mr. de Valrenes. The defeat of the enemy. Losa on
both sides.

BOOK XV.

The F.nglish propose neutrality. WLat induces them. Reply of the Count de
Frontenac. Ex])loit of Oureouhare. Qreat, but inuffe^'tual ox|H!dition avrainst
the Mohu'A'ka. lutelligence from Acadia. The Chevalier de Villebon made
Commandant there. He takes [lossession of Port Hoyal. Atttimpt of the Iroquois
to surprise Sault Saint Louis. Various hostilities. The Irotiuois prevent naviga-
tion on the (treat Uiver, (Ottawa). They di'feat a jiarty of French and Indians,
they are .-iiiffered to escnjK'. They are |)ursued and some advantage trained over
them. Froiitcnac pro])<)Hes an exiK'dition to the Ottawas, but they do not accept.
New rumors of an English ormament. The King senus a squadron to Newfound-
land ; it misses its objin:!. IMaceutia attacked by the English. They sunimo:
the Uoveruor. i'lio attack begun. The siegt raised. The Governor-General
of New England attempts to have the Chevali." de Villebon carried oil'. lie
fails. Operations against Peiukuit. They fail. Condition of New France. Com
])l)int8 against Frorilenac. That General's anxiety, and its cause. Eight
hundred Irocjuios come to attack the colony. Precautions taken by M. do
Callieres. The Iro(|uuis retire wit?ioiii effecting anything. Irruption into the
Mohawk canton. Success of the expedition. Our men attacked on the homewnnl
march. Fresh tidings of a grea'. English armament against Canada. Frontenac's
emlmrrassment. Proixisals of peace from an Oneida chief. The General's reply.
Eight hundrwl Irwiuois approach Moutreal. They retire without doing any
thing. What became of the English fleet that menaced Canada. Arrival of a
great convoy of furs at Montreal. Frontenac prevents the Miamis fn)m trading
with the English. The English recover Fon Saint Anne on Hudson's Bay.
Gallant retreat of two Frenchmen. The English comiMjlIod to retire from before
Martinique in disorder. An Iro<iuoi9 squaw comes to Quebec, to see the Count de
Frontenac. Conversation and eulogy of this wonwn. New proposals of the
Oui'ida chief. Frontenac's reply. Why he deferred pushing the Iroquois to
(xiremes. Cimduct of the English and Iroquois towards us. How Frontenni'
])rofite(l by them. The Irm^uois again pretend a desire for peace. The Fri'iicli
warned to distrust them. Irocjuois deputies at Quebec. Kesult of this deputa-
tion. The Count de Frontenac makes an ineffectual effort to restore Fort
Catarocouj- What defeats his plan. New negotiations with the Iro<iuo.... Fiiui I
reply of tlie Count de Frontvnoc. He dismisses the envoys well plea;nd. lietuiii
of Fatlur Milet, and Tun^lia. Motives that induce the Gi'neral to treat with tin-
Iroquois. Some Abenoquis 're^it \sith the English: th;' Sieur de Villici- breakw

CONTENTS.

VH

'ort

ach

u la

on

de

nst
ado
loiH
ga-
na,
vvr

■I"-
ml.
lo;
iral
He
im
jht
de
the
aril
lie's

i'ly.

ny
if a
iii^
ay.
bro

. lit!

till'

to
mil'
ii'h
itu.
ort
tial
irn
Ihi^
iktj

up the negotiation. Bold and succo-sHful exp.dilii.n of that officer. Esplo.t of aa
AWna.,ui. UpriBing at B<.Hton. What occurred betw.-en the Uov.T.u.r of N.'W
England, and the Indian allies o. the French. The Indians waver. One of their
Missionaries prevents their treating with the English. Uescnpt.on of Fort
Nelson. D'lbervUle and de Serigny besiege it. The Governor capitulates.
Kesults of the victory. The Iro<iuoiB continue to delude the French. 1 ho King
thinks thoy should he pushed to extremes. They renew h.«tilitie.. Insolent
proposals of ihose Indians. Against the advice of all, and even of the Kmg, the
Count de Frontenac resolves to restore Fort Catarocouy. Admirable .nanagement
of the Chevalier de Crisasy in restoring it. Timely warning that the Inxiuois are
in the field. They are defeated by de la Durantaye, and by de Courtemanch.
Treason of a Huron chief. Tactics of the Sieur do la Motte Cadillac. What
occurred between the deputies of our allies, and the Count de Frontenac. A Sum
demands the Qeneral's protection. Treacherous conduct of the English towards
the Abenaquis. They resolve on vengeance. Frontenac and Champiguy propose
to attack Boston. Project of a campaign for 1696. The King's opinion o the
lroquo:s war. Our aUies ilWispoced towPxds us. De la Motte Cadillac induces
the Ottawas to make war on the Iroquois. The latter defeated. Consequences
of tbe defeat,

APPENDIX.

Life of Catharine Tegahkouita, an Iroquois virgin, who died in the odor of sanctity
Lives of some Iroquois Christians of both sexes, burned by the heathen Iroquo s
out of hatred for their religion. Heroic action of a whole Iroquois fam. y at
Sault St. Louia. Examples of the fervor and piety of some Indians in the Algon-
qoin missions.

BOOK XII

^

r i

HISTORY

ARD

GENEUAfi DESCRIPTION

OK

NEW FRANCE;

WIIEIIKIN WIl.l. UK KOIINI)

MAj that UELATKS to the DISCOVEKIES AM) CONyrESTS
OF THE FUENCH IN NORTH AMERICA.

BOOK XII.

Of all our allies, tlio only onus whom our eiiomirs
feared or dospainid of gaining were the Ahenaquis, who
for their j^art cared little whether they were or were not
included in the treaties of peace or armistice. At the
very time when Mr. do Denouvillo was laboritig most
earnestly to give peace to Canada, they took the Held, and
advancing to Sorel river, surprised some Iro(]uois and
Mohegaus and killed several. They then pushed on to
the English settlements, from which they brought back
some scalps.' The Irotpiois of the Sault and the Moun-
tain did the same on their .side ;' but those who adopted
the surest means of defeating the conclusion of a treaty,
of which they feared they should be the first victims, were

'Relation of tlio Evoiits of the Canaila Doc, I„ iv., p. 07 ; Uolmont,
War. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. :i!)2; Hisloir.' du Cuiuulu, p. 3!». ' lb'

iMii.

Somr of
our iilliiM
iill:uU the
IriKluuih.

( I

I

'I

la

HISTOHV OF NKW TOANCK.

i6«s. tlioHO very Hnroiis of Micliilliiiiiifkiiiiio, wlio had boen so
"^■''""^ fr(>(nuMitIy iiiul not unjustly .suspcctod of collusiou with

tlio Eiif^lisli and Iroquois.
niiiinu'iiii Tliny had as cliitsf Kondiaronk, hotter known in onr

ohicf Ki-'hitions nndi'r th(> naino of "the J{at," a man of abihty,
oxtreinoly hravo, and th(( Itnhan of the liif^diost iiorit that
the French cnor knew in Canachi. It had eost Mr. do
Denonvilhi no little pains to draw him to our interests ; '
l)ut he had inisoahMilated, if ho thoui^ht to dispose of this
new ally at his pleasure. The Kat liavin<^ ple<l^r(Hl his
word to make -uitive war on the Irocjuois, start<!il from
Michilliniackinac with a i)icked band of Hnrons, bent on
distinp;uishinj; himself by some brilliant acrhievement." Ho
took Cata.'oc'ou}' on his road, and on arrivin;^ tluM'o learned
that they were ne;^otiatin;j; a settlement with the cantons ;
that the treaty was well advanc^ed, and that the Governor
(xeneral was exjieuting at Montreal ambassadors and hos-
tages in the name of the whole Iroquois nation. The
eommandant at C'atarocouy added that the best thing ho
could do under such circumstance:, was to return home
with his warriors, and that he would give bonndh^ss otVcnce
to Mr. do Denonville, if he committed the least hostility
against the Iro(|Uois.

Tlu> Ivat seemed at tirst somewhat surprised at this
news ; he nevertlieh'ss controlled himself, and although
ciHiviuced that his nation and their allies were being
sacrificed, he let no complaint esifape him.^ He withdrew
from the fort. l(>aving the French under the impression
that he took the rout(\ to his village ; but he had (juito a
different (h^sign in his head. He had inquired as to the
c(mrse to be followed by the Iroquois deputies and hos-
tages on tluiir way to Monti'eal ; In; i)roceeded to await
them at Hungry Bay (Ause de la Famine), where he lay in

' Kimdiiironk is tninsfbriiii'd hy Micliillimackiniic, ^lay 2C>, 1688,

La Hontuii into .Vilurio. Voyufics, iiotos Lo HntV depart iircut the head

i., 117, 18!». (if 100 men. Voyages, i., 117, lUO.

' I.a Iloiitaii, ill his letter from ^ La Hiiutaii, Voyagps, i., p. 100.

I

5

IIISTOKV Ol- NKW KUANTK

18

iilTil)Usli.' After 111! Iiiiil wiiitcil for tlioiu for several iliiys, idSA.
thoy iipix'fired ; hv iillowed tlieiii to atlviiiice, iind uk tliey — ■■'— ^
W(M'e jtroceediiip; without ilistrnst, tliey liUiilcd witlioiit
takiiif^ luiy i)ree!intion.s. This iiionicut the lint sci/cil to
rush upon them ■■ illi his trooj). At first they wislu il to
Ktaiid tlieir }.;roinid, hut the contest was too iiiie<mal.
Home of tliein were killed, the rest taken i)ris()ners.'

As they wore not far from ( 'atarocouy, tiie Hat, it is
assorted, returned thitlit^' ah)ne after his exjx'dition ; and
when some one asked wliere he came fiom, he replied that
he had just eomo from killing' the jieace, and adilecl : " We
shall see how Ononthio will j;-et out of this iiusiness."
His meanin.!^ was not ai tirst understood ; ' Imt it was soon
known from one of the prisoners who had escaped from
the hands of the Hurons, after haviiij,' had an arm broken
in tho action, lie was so well lre;ited. that he was cured
in a short time ; he was assiu'cd that the I'^cuch iiad no
share in this treachery of the Hurons. and was so well
satisfied of it, that on his return lo (Jnonda.tja lie convinced
the whole canton.'

But tho Rat had not l)emui so well, to stop heii . As mh in-
soon as ho rejoined his |)arty, Tei^'anissorens. who w i. one iilv',7h',rtho
of his prisoners, havinj,' asked him how lie could he ii^no- „''i','i,"i'hc
rant that ho was an andiassador, sent to treat of ))eaco '''"i""'*'-
with their common father, and to seek means of ohtaininj,'
a ])orfect peace anion;,' all the nations V this dis.sembler
pretonded to bo still more astonished than he ; he pro-
tested that it was the French thems(dves who had sent
him to La Famine, assurin;,' him that he wouhl there inciot
a ]iarty of Iro([Uois bravcs, which it would bo very easy
for him to surpiise and defeat. To show that he spoke

' Anonymous Ht-Intioii of lln' sciit," wliicli docs imt iit all inrri's

KvcntM i)f till' War (N. V. Col. Doc. ii.s|i<in(l witli Iliinicry May.

ix., ]). 3i)l) wiys I,a Kaniinc, hut l,u - l.a Hoiitan. Voyatfrs, i.. |>. lill

Hontnn (Voynn;e.«, i.. p. I!t0) «iys: • Hi'liudUt (Ilistoiic du Ciinadii.

"Aux ondroits (los ("ataracti's, oil il p. 2!l) ('(uifiniis tliiw In part.

falloit absolunient (ju'lls abordai*- •• N. V. Col, Doc , ix.. p. 40;.'.

14

IIISI'MKY OK NKW KllANCK.

1688.

i

'I

Tlio (ic.v

priiDi- of

Kv\y Vdik

prcvcnis

]ll'arc.

sincurely, he at oiic'o relousi'd him witli all l»in moii, ttxijept
0110 siiif^lo one, whom li(> wi.shfd to retain, lie Haid, to
repla<'i> oiu^ of his, who had hctm killed.'

H<) then use;l all dilif,'('iuH) in n^tniiiinj^ to MiciiiUimaki-
uao, and as hoou as lie arrivod tliero h(» presented liis
prisoner to Mr, de hi Durantaye. That commandant, as
yet uninformed of iiis ^'enerals ne^,'otiatioiis witli the
cantons, at once eondemued tlie unfortiinato man to bo
shot, wishing appaniiitly to span* him tiie torture of tire.
Tile Iro(|Uois in vain protested that he was an ambassador,
and that tiie Huroiis had \nkvn liim by troaehery ; tho
Kat hud already notilied all that his head was turned, and
that fear of death inach- him rave. A(U!ordin^ly, no one
listened to him, and ho wu-i execntL'd.'

As soon as he was (k-ail, the Hat called an old Iro(iuois,
who had loiij,' been a captive in his villa,:,'e, H;ave him his
liberty, and advised him to return to his canton and in-
form his countrymen of what he had seen just passinj^
before his «iyes, as well as show them that while the French
w(!re amusing the cantons with feigned ne^'otiatimis, they
were making prisoners from them and tomahawkinjj; them.
Ail this ni't with perhict success, and alth(mf,di the Iro-
ipiois seemed at first luideceived as to tlie pretended ill-
faith of the Governor General, we shall soon see, either
that they only pretendeil to be so, or that the majority
wen; not sorry to have so iilausible a pretext i'or renewing
till' war."

The wisest were nevertheless determined to send new
deputies to the Maniuis de Ueuonville. Hiese deimties
were even already selected, and about to start for Mon-
treal, when an (sxpress arrived at Onondaga from Sir
Edmund Andros, forbidding the Iroquois to treat with the
French without his master's intervention. He added that

' lilt llimtan, Vdviifrt's, i., p. 1!)1. tiin.Vovuircs, i., i>. V.fi. C'olduu (Ilis-

'' i.ii llDiitttii. Vo_vaj;c's, i., \>. Wi. Utvy nl' tin- Five Xiitions, p. 113

' N. Y. Col. Due, ix., :{itl, ;!!):(, 40.' ; N. V. cilition) ami Smith (History of

Canada Doc., I., iv., <).■), S5 ; La Ilou New Vorli, p. oli) follow La lloutun.

IIIS'COHV OK Ni;»V KKANCK.

16

tlio (i;)veiii()r took tlio ciiitoiiH umU'r his sftfcf^'uiinl, iiiid 1688.
assiucKl tlu'iii of till) protection of tlic kiiif; of {Jroivt ■^•r"
Britain, and that his Majesty, wlio eonsiderod tiuMn as his
own eliildren, woiUd never lot tlicni want fm- any tiiin<'.'

Andros wrote at the same time to the Mar((uis de I)e-
iionville, tliat lie must not Hatter himself that he could
make peace witii the Inniuois, sulijeets of ihe Enf,'lish
crown, under any other conditions than those already
proposed hy (."olonol Donj^'an, his predecessor ; that in
otlua- respects, so far as he was jtersonally coi. erned, lie
was most disposed to livo on ^'ood terms witli him, and
tliat he had already forbidden tiiu En-^'lisii of his dcpeud-
ance to commit any hostility on the territm-ies dependent
on th(^ French. As this f^overnor also commanded in New
Enfj;land, aftcM' sudi a declaration, there was every ground
to expect that no jiart of Nt^w l''rani'(> was free from risk
on the ])art of th(> En,t,'Iisli.'

Jiut under the term New France that (General apparently
included neither Acadia \wx the circumjacent proviiK-es,
although the treaty of Driida declared tliern to form a
part thereof; tor while he was making the inotestation
just mentioned to de Denonville, he sent a force to plunder
the settlement of the Baron ch' St. (\astin at rent.igoet,"
and the Sedentary Fisheries established at Ciimcraux and
('hcdabouctou.' ft is true that he disavowed these enter-

' De (,'iillit"'iuH t(i Sci;;iiclav, .Iiui,,
KkS!). N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 402 ;
('iimiila Doc, 1,, iv., p, l]:t.

• II)., i)|> 40:), KM. Andros to Dr
nonvillc, •.iig. 21. Sept. •,'!», Kl.ss.
C'liniida Doc, II., v., |). .'iO.'i. Dt'non-
villi- to An<iros. Oct., KiSS. N. ^ ,
<'ol. Doc, iii., p. ."jOT.

' Andros went in iK-rsion in tlic
frigate Host', Ca|it. Ucorgc. Iliitcliin
son's ('olli'Ptlon.s, pp. .")li3-(! ; VViJ.
liainson'.s Muine, i., j). .IST ; Main(t
Hist. (V)ll., vi„ p. 112; Dt'nonvill,.,
N. Y. Col. D(X'., ix., p. :!'J(i. IV-non-
ville to Andros, ib., iii., p. .^OH. This

r)liuiic(l C'astin's war, wliicli proved
so di'sf riictive to Xcw Knglaud. For
un eiuiiiieraiion of the l-Vi'nrh tiien
seltleii in Maine, si'e Mass. [list.
<'()11., iii., pp. H2-;i.

' Denonville to Andros. N. Y.
<'ol. Doc, iii., p. 571. Chanipign.v
to the Minister. Oct. l!l. Can. Doc,
11., v., p. T-,m. A letter of Captain
Nicholson, written at Dostnn, Aug,
•■U, loss (N. Y. Col. Doc, iii., p. ,-5,152),
attriliiites this to one Peterson (the
remainder of Yanekeys ami Jacob's
eoni|)any, tlie two famous privati-eru
of the West IiidlesV He sailed in a

if:

i

u

Btitti' of
trailr ill

New
Kruiifc.

mSTOIlY OK NKW KUANCK.
|)list'. , '..III (Tic Tr* TT^Mlirrt fffTJtlli |inn<f« tlifft lie «iim rto

iusti;,'iitor of tlii>H»' iiH \v(>li lis <»f tlic r.iviij^cs eoinniittcMl iii
various puts of tlic colniiv l)_v a party of tlirct' Imiitliril
Irotpiois.' Ill a word, liis wlioli- coiKliU't till war yvM
tlt'darcil lutwiM'ii tin- two rrowiis, dill'cMod from that wliicii
)io (1iH]ilayu(1 after tliat dcclaiation. oiiIn as the Slackest
pi'rtidy dilVrrs from optii war.'

It may wt'll lu> iiifi ir*'d, tliat in lli** actual position of
Canadian atVairs, trado fould not lu> vrry tlourisliin^.
From tliti year Kid'.*, wlitn the kiu}^ had declared it free,
tlu! colony had increased consideralily, and by tiie census
of this year, IdHH, it was fnund to l)e composed of elevi'U
thousand two hundred and forty-nine persons.' The En-
glish, indeisd, as already remarked, from that time shared
with the French in the fur tiade : and tliis was liie chief
motive of their fonn-ntinj,' war Itelween us and tin* Inxpiois,
ini'smuch as tliey could get no good furs, which come from
the northern districts, exce|)t by me.ins of thest; Indians,
who could scarcely effect a reconciliation with us, without
precluding them from this precious mine.

Not that the Inxjuois were gn^at hunt(!rs ; but, lusides
their often robbing our allies and voyageiu's of the furs
they were bearing to Montreal, they induced several tribes,
and often even our bushlopers, to trade with the English
of New York, and the profit which they derived from this
trade, of which their country becann> of course the centre,
retained them in the English interest. To these reasons
was added tho allurement of a blotter market, which made
a great imjjression on all the Indians, so that the best part
of the furs of Canada went to the English, witlumt there
being any i)ossibility of bringing to reason tho.se interested

Imrkiiliingii <if 10 guns ami 12 piitn. ' 'I'lii! ri'volution in Kn<^land |>ut

rerc.i, with TO nirn, took u Imrk of un end V> Ihi' rulo oi' Amlros, and ho

('astin'H. a Hliip at Cauiffaux, tin' liail ot c lursc no part in tliu war

fort at Cliflmi'to, and anotlit^r vcs- tliat followed.

sel. II).,

N. Y. Col. Uoc, Ix., i>. :i!l."..

■' Ueccnuruu-nts dc In N'. K., 1085
li lU'JU.

i

I

>

I

I

) 1

L

IlISTOin OK NKW I'UANCK

17

in tliin triidc, the Iicnl men of wliicli Ih'uij,' in Fninpo, did i^i-*>*.
not Hcc mattfrH us cK'nily as those who wcit! in Aiaorica.' ^"""v—

Si-
lt

H .1

At last some of these hist renounced the fur trach", the s.dnihirv
profits of wliieh deelined from day to day, and took up "ii'.'.'si'!'"
oneo more tiie oft-miscarried jjnijeet of estaldishin^' sech-n- '•'"'''""'•
tary lisheries in tlio river St. Lawrenee ; lint thev were
dis<,'usted witii it from tlie outset.' Tiio Sieur Uiverin was
iihnost tho only one wlio was not ahirmud by the dillieul-
tics, or induced liy the faihuo of his lirst attempt to
renounce tlie enterprise. I'tit'with industry and courage
considcral)le cai)ital is reiiuircd to push such estabUsh-
ments, and this Sieur Kiverin hul.ed. Ho induced .somo
private parties at Paris to join him; but ho derived
scarcely any advantaf,'e : all wished to reap before tho
harvest was ripe, ami their imj)atienco at last rendered all
his projects aliortivt,'."

He be^'an in earnest during tho summer of 1688. He AiiniuUnce
established his fishery in the vicinity of tho River Mataue, ami wt'.k'H.
the mouth of wliich he found capable of receiving vosst^ls
of two hundred tons, a point hitherto unnoticed. All this
southeru shore of the St. liawrence, for a space of twenty
leagues, is very abundant iu codfish, and Riverin wrote to
Mr. do Seignelay that more than five hundred boats could

' Tlip importance of this trade,
wliirli Dongan was tlio first to grasp
at, WHS devi'l()|)('(| under Uurntt anil
Coldon. See C'olden's Five Nations
(N. Y. ri'priul), inlmd., vii. ; I'upers
n^Iating to tlie Arts of tin- Assembly,

N. Y., ira4.

In this year, 1(388, a Bureau of the
Poor was estnblislu'd at Quebec, caeli
citizen and coiiimunity contributing,
and forming u fund of :.'()()0 livris.
Subse(|uently, Up. St. Valier estal>-
lished a tieneral Iii)>i)ital or House
for the Aged, Inlinu. and Incurable,
and ]ilaced it, in Uisi), under Miirga-
rct Bourgeoys and the Sisters of tho
Congregation. Jucliereau(Histoirede
Vol. IV.— ;j

I'Hotel Dleu, pp. 355-0 ; Faillon, Vie
de M. Bourgeoys, i., p. ;329) ; but, in
11)112, replaced them by the Hospital
Nuns, on receiving royal ]x.'rniis8ion
for till' establishment of the Hospital.
Edits et Onlonnances (i., p. 271).

■•' Louis XIV. to Frontenac. N. Y.
Col. Doc, ix., p. -154. See, as to his
failure, ib., p. ,')85. Canada Doc, II.,
v., p. 2i)7. Ferland, ( 'otes de la (Jas-
l)t'sie (Soirees Canadiennes), p. ;i28.
Compare Ante, vol. iii., p. 145. Que-
bec L. and H. Soc, vol. iv., p. 27, &c.

^ In 1700 these partners seized all
the proiiorty at Mount Louis as their
own, and ruined him. N. Y. Col.
Doc, ix., p. 585.

i

r-.

18

IIISTOUY <tK NKW KUANCK.

1688. bo employed there at onco. Hi^ luliled in liis letter that
■">'"*' the fish thoro were very fine, ami fit for (Jiljniltur, Spain,
ami tlio Levant ; that having rivimi orders to his men to
he on the loolvout for whales, especially near Matane, they
had reported to him that tlure appeared on the surface,
from time to time, as many as fifty at once, that allowed
men to approach near enough to strike them with an oar ;
that this lasted for three consecutive months, during most
of which time it is unnecessary to he much more than a
(puirter of a league cmt to find them.'

I have remarked in my journal, that having anchored in
the latter part of August, 1705, near Tadoussae, about
fifteen leagues above Mutane, I saw four whales at the
same time sporting around our ship, and coming so near
that they could be touched with the oars of the long boat ;'
but it was chiefly on the coast of Acadia that the fishery
offered an inexhaustible basis for this trade. The misfor-
tune is that tlie French, possessors of that great penin-
sula, were alwnys those who profited least by it.

The Sieur Paipiine, whom the Court had sent there that
year to make a visitation, attributed this to the fact of
I'lirAramliM tl'cir having made the chief settlement at Port Royal,
tuhcrics. ^^.jjjgjj jg^ \^Q f,nj,]^ Qyt yf tjjQ reach of all trade, and too

difficult of access, on account of the diversity of winds
necessary to have in order to enter. This was a very old
and well-founded complaint. The ports of la Heve and
Camceaux were far more advantageous for a successful
settlement. A person still better informed than the Com-
missary just mentioned, says, in a Memoir drawn up
almost at this same time :

" Acadia, so useful for the beauty and security of its
ports, the fertility of its soil, the abundance of its fisheries,
the facility for rendering them sedentai'y, as well as for its
mines, has hitherto only languished ; first, from the dissen-

\Vli;il \nc-

villts llic

French

' See Canada Docuint'iits, II , v.
p. u54.

' Clmrlovoix, Journal, p. do. F'er-
land, Cott's lic la (insprhio, p. !!.),!.

I

IIISTOKY OF NEW IRANCK.

19

BiOTiH of tlio vnrlons proitiif>t()rH, mul Hinoo tlio tronty nf 1688,
Urt'dii from tlio avarirn of tlie (lovMiiorH, who, finding — -v-— ^
intcrcouiHo willi tho Knf^'lJMh a soiirpo of profit, liiivf left
them niastorn of tho fiKhoiics mid of nil tlio trado. Tho
settlors, on their sido, without disoipIiiK! or rostraint, havo
^'ivcti no thouKht oithtr to nfiricnlturr or tho fishrrios, hut,
sunk in dohaiu-liory or huishloping, do iiotliiug but livo
from day to day."'

Tho solo roHonrco of the provinco lay in our allianoo rnoinof
with th(! Indians of those parts, and es])oeially of the Al)o- "llMiivm''
naquis, anionf,' whom (.'hristianity hud niadi> (;rout prof^rcss; 'ljya<Ni'om
bui there was constant foar of our losing those allies, the "" l.'^"''-
most manageable and, at tho same time, tho bravest in all
Canada. The English woro ineossantly making them
presents and tho most extravagant promises to dotaoh
thorn from our interest ; and would certainly havo succeed-
ed, but for tho invincible attachment of these tribes to
tlu'ir religion and their missionaries. In tho sequel of this
history wo shall see, that in order to preserve their faith
thciy often confronted th(^ greatest perils, and that, with tho
slightest hope of compensation from tho French for their
losses, they formed on that side a rampart that all the
forces of New England havo never been able to storm.

Meanwhile, the declarutior of Sir Edmund Andros in Th.' Cncva-
regard to peace with the Iroquois, and the agicemont CMWrl*
which it was soon known the cantons had entered into '"'l!wt-."'
with that governor, not to take any steps in that matter
without his intervention, filled the whole colony with con-
sternation. But it often hap[»ens that, when no ordinary
means appears of avoiding a pressing evil, men make
efforts till then deemed beyond tlieir strength. Indigna-
tion to see a handful of savag.^s ke(>p a whole great country
incessantly in chock, inspired a design that would have
seemed hardy, even had our situation been as flourishing
as it was deplorable. This was the conquest of Now York-

' Du t'licMiii'aii, NY. Col. !),■('.. ix , p. \Cy', ; ib., ]>. •,>N"»,

.1

I

20

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

I

Its cim-
ti'ii'

1688. The Chevalier do Calliores having laid the plan before the
— ""^r""""^ Murquis de Denouville, went over to France to propose it
to the Court, as the sole means of preventing the utter
ruin of New France.
Hi'pre^unts The memoir on this subject which he presented to the
the Court, miuiater' stated in substance, that as Sir Ednuind Andros,
governor of Now York, Avas not a Catholic, the French
must not flatter themselves that he would carry out in
good faith the order.s he had received from the king, his
master, to maintain an understanding with us ; that we
could not in fact doubt but that, following the example of
Colonel Dongan, his predecessor, he would by all sorts of
means aid the Iroquois, who would never sincerely make
peace with the French so long as they could rely on the
English : that, this premised, there was no other way to
preserve the colony, except to make ourselves masters of
New York ; and that this conquest was legitimate from the
necessity in which the English had placed us of under-
taking it, to defend our own territory against a nation
whose interests they openly espoused against us. He then
comes to the means of carrying out his project.

" Give me," he says, " 1300 soldiers and 300 Canadians,
and with them I will descend " the Eivcr Sorel to Lake
Champlain, under pretext of going to make war on the Iro-
quois ; and when I have arrived in their country, I will pro-
claim to them that I am willing to live in peace with them,
and I aim only at the English. Orange (Albany) has only a
stockade, not tcrrassed, and a small fort with four bastions,
with only loO boldiors and 300 settlers in the town. Man-
hatte (New I'ork) has 400 inhabitants, divided into eight
companies, half cavalry, and half infantry. This capital is
not inclosed, but has a fort with four bastions, faced with

^
i

' Tlio inemdir is in full, N. Y. t'ol.
Doc, ix., i)p. 401-U14, nnd the later
one, 401-8.

- IIu slioukl Lave said Asrt'ml.
C/mrliroij-. The nuihor evidently

cited from i. summary ((.'anada l>(ic.,
I., iv., p. 150), not Irom the memoir.
The error noted ' ■ not in this orii^i-
nal. N. Y. Col. 'Joe. ix., j). 405 ; t-ee,
also, p. 429.

f

HISTOHV OF NEW FRANCE.

21

stone, and mounted with cannon. This conquest wonUl
make the king master of one of the finest ports in America,
wliich can bo entered at all times, and of a very fine coun-
try, under a mild climate, and fertile. The treaty of neii-
tralitj- will be objected ; but, in the first place, the English
have violated it first ; of this we have irrefragable proofs.
In the second place, it must be observed, that this colony,
being actually all filled with Dutch, from whom the English
wrested it, its inhabitants will iufallibl}- obey the Prince of
Orange, and will constrain the Governor.' Hence they
must be anticipated. Still, if it is preferred to defer mat-
ters till we are openly at war with the English," we must
prepare for the month of Juno m^xt."

This memoir made an impression on the minister, and
the king even aj^proved it ; but its execution was not con-
fided to the Marquis de Denonville.

It seems that his majesty had, from the preceding year,
thought of recalling Dr'nonville, having selected him for
the post of Governor of the Children of France ; for I have
had in my hands an order signed by that prince, dated
March 8, 1(188, by virtue whereof the Chevalier de Callieres,
governor of Montreal, was to have command of the forces
during the absence of the Governor General.' Neverthe-
less, whether the king changed his mind, or had reasons
for deferring the execution of this project, there was noth-
ing at the close of the year 1GS8 to prevent the Chevalier
de Callieres from returning to France. It was not till the
last day of May, in the ensuing year, that his uiajcsty
informed the Marquis de Denonvillo that the circumstances
of the war just enkindled in Europe had induced him to
adopt the n^solution of recalling him, in order to give him
a position in his army.

i688.

1689.

The M;ir-

<(uis de

Diiionville

icoiilled lo
France.

' France was already at war with answers represents this as merely a

Hollaiiil. Chaiifvoix. renewal of a cDUimissinn ^'iven tin;

' No doubt was entertained of tlie year liefnre. 'I'lio exjiression would

proximity of this war. lb. not therefore necessarily imply that

' The summary of the Minister's Denonville was recalled.

22 HISTORY OF NEW FKANCE.

i6i'9. Count (le Frontenac was at the same time declared his
^^' successor.' The kinc had not been able to refuse this

Count , . . . .

Frontenac favor to tho prossiuf^ solicitations of several of the relatives
iiini. and friends of that nobleman, and especially those of the
Marshal do Bellofont, who guaranteed his conduct, and
whoso lofty virtue was a strong recommendation to Louis
XIV.' Moreover, the wretched state to which New France
was roduced, and the project of the conquest of New York,
required hiiu to place at the head of the colony a man of
authority, firm in character, of great military expeiience,
alreadj' acquainted with the country, and capable of man-
aging tho Indian mind. All this was found in tho Count
de Frontenac, and there was every reason to hope that,
with tho sound sense which he possessed, he would profit
by his faults and the chagrin which they had drawn upon
him, to moderai his passions, and take other guides for
his conduct than his prejudices and antipathies. Those
conjectures proved quite well founded. This general, in-
deed, always seemed the same to those who had the best
opportunity of seeing him ; but he was on his giiard, and
profited by the advice which he received from the Marshal
de Bellefont. On the other hand, he had the finest oppor-
tunity in the world to develop his great qualities and make
a glorious use of them. He rendered nn^st important ser-
vices to the state, especially during the early years of his
new administration, to induce tho Court to close its eyes
as to several faults which escaped him, and oblige ^■'^oso
who soon perceived that he had not changed his sentiments
in their regard, to suffer in patience, and dissemble wisely.
Hisinstnic- In the instructions given him, which were signed on the

tions US to i i ■ • r- i i • i

Hudson's 7th of June, the king informed Jiim that on the reports
received in France and England, as to the reciprocal inva-
sions of the posts established in Hudson's Bay by the
English and French, conferences had been held at London

^J

' Commission in Arriits et Ordon- done mucli to obtain his appoint-
nanccs, Hi., p. 52. ment.

■' His wife is represented as having

I if

HISTORY OF NKW FHAN(E.

28

between his cominissionors and tliose of Great Britain ;
but that the parties, not having been aV)lo to agree as to
the facts alleged by those interested, it had been agreed to
postpone the negotiation till the month of January in the
present year. 168!) ; that the revolution which had taken
place in England in the mean time had broken oft' all these
measures ; and that, as it was probable that the English
had not yet thought of taking their precautions on that
side, his Majesty wished him to give the Northern Com-
pany all the protection it should require, to expel them
from the posts which they had wrested from it.'

Coming then to Acadian affairs, the king informed him,
that in the last conferences between the commissioners of
the two crowns, the irruption recently made by the Bas-
tonnois' at Pcutagoot had been discussed ; that the English
commissiojiers had conceded that this post belonged to
France, and had deferred indemnifying him for the vio-
lence of which ho complained till the resumption of the
negotiations ; that as this project was no longer possible,
in consequence of the rupture of the conference, it would
be necessary for him to concert with the Sieur de Menne-
val, governor of Acadia, measures necessary to prevent in
future similar irruptions, to which the war, apparently
inevitable and innninent, constantly exposed that part of
New France."

War was in fact declared with England on the 25th of

i6f?9.

Acadia.

' Instructions for Coiint de Fron-
tenac. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 42T.
t'Rna<la Doc, I., iv., p. ^l(i.

' Uastonnois was the giTicral name
given by tlie Canadians to tlio Eiig
lish settlers from unj of the colo-
nies, EB iliatinguished from Dutch,
French, &c (Jld ('anRdian.s still use
it. From the I'"rench Canadians it
passed to the Indians. The Iro(|uoiK
called the English of Now York
Wastonronnon (Raston people) — see
letter of Brant in Ulster Hist. Col-

lections—as did tlie Hurons (Potier,
Oranimaire Huronne). 'I'he French
Canadians have carried it even to
the Pacific, and in the Chinook .Jar
gon Hoston means Ai'ierican. GiUb's
Chinook Jargon, p '..'.

•' Instructions for Count de Fron-
tenae. N. Y. Col. Doe., ix., p. 4JS ;
Canada Doc , I., iv., p. '2ti. IJobi
neau do Menneval was a son of the
liaron de Uecancourt. PV'rland,
Cours d'FIist., ii., p. 176.

2i

lIlSTOltV OK Ni:\V I'UANCK

I

I'

1689. the SiiniG iiionth of June ; but, as it had boou resolved on
JT^' several months before, the iirincipal article of the instruc-

New Vork.

rinii (if till!
enturprisc.

tion.' of which we are speaking concerned the plan proposed
by the Chevalier de Callierns. It stated that the king had
deterniint,;! to accejjt th(! proposition of the Governor of
Montreal, inasmuch as he was informed that for some
years the English of New York had continued to excite the
Iroquois nation, his Majesty's subjects, and force them to
make war on the French, for this purpose famishing thorn
with arms and unnnuuition, and liud sought, by all sorts of
means, regardless of the prohibition of the King of Eng-
land and the faith of tlie treaty, to usurp the commerce
of the French in couutrios of which the latter had of all
time been in possessi(jn. That, for all those reasons, his
Majesty had ordered tlit.' Siour Bogou, liis inteudaut at
Rochofort in the Pays d'Auuis and Saintouge, to prepare
all necessary supplies, and had Utted out in the port of
Rochefort two of his ships of the line, under the command
of the Sieur de la Calfiniere, who was to obey exactly the
orders of the Count de Frouteuac.

That it was his intention that the said Count do Fronte-
nac should set out as soon as possible, and embark on one
of the ships commanded by the Sieur de la Caffinicre, to
proceed first to the mouth of the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
then to the Bay of Camceaux, in Acadia ; that on arriving
there he should pass to the best of the merchant ships
that had followed him, in order to return to Quebec ; but
that before parting with the Sieur de la Caffinicre, he
ordered him to wait for information, and to seize all the
enemy's ships that he might meet during his stay on the
coast ; that for himself, as soor as time and opportunity
permitted, and even, if possible, on entering the St. Law-
rence river, he should detach the Chevalier de Callieres, in
oi'der that the latter might reach Quebec before him, and
there make the necessary preparations for the enterprise
against New York ; that he must os])ecially take care to
observe profound bocrecy, and endeavor to cloak these

ff

^
M

M.

HISTORY OK NEW KHANCF.

26

projiarations with sucli ])n'ti'xts as lio should dccMii most \Mg.
suitable and plausil)k'. '

That it was also most importaut to om]>loy the ^'HMtcst
di]i,ii;euct), his Majesty being convinced that the enterprise
could not bo efVectcd in any other season than autumn ;
that, accordingly, the Count de Froiitenae, ininiediatcly
after his arrival at Quebec, should set out with the bat tea ux
and all the necessary crows, accompanied by the Clievalier
do Callieres, who was to command tliu troops under him ;
that lie should at the same time scud his instructions in
cypher t(j the Sieur de la CalHuiere, and ivcomniend him
to sail for Manhattan, with(mt undertaking any thing on
the way ; to seize all the vessels he should find iu the bay ;
but not to expose himself to any adventure that could
incapacitate him from taking part iu the enterprise in
question.

That as it was impossible to fix a positive time when the
Sieur de la Cafldniere and the Count de Frouteuac should
arrive together, each on his sidi^ it was best for the f(jrmer
to sail straight into the Bay of Manhattan, the more espe-
cially as the attack on the first posts of New Y(jrk would
wriru tiie capital, and thus the ships arriving there before
the laud forces would cause a useful diversion ; that as the
Count de Frouteuac would have with him all the forces of
New Franco, he should, before leaving Quebec, arrange
with the Marquis de Deuonvillc the measures recpiisite to
be adopted for the security of the colony against the incur-
sions of the Iroquois, and give orders to the Chevalier de
Vaudreuil, who Avas to command iu the country during the
expeditiou, after the departure of the Marquis de Dcuon-
ville, and whose instructions were to bo drawn up by the
two generals.

On the reduction of New York, the Count de Frouteuac wimt na:*
was to leave there the English Catholics who chose to '?,f''Vti'"'
remain, after assuring himself of their fidelity ; allot to the ''""'ihai' "^
French whom he should settle there, mechanics and other '"'""'"'■'■■
workpeople whom they might need ; retain as prisoners
Vol. IV,— 4

:§

ii

2fi

IIIS-IOUV OF NRW I'-HANCK.

\- I

1689.

Failure of

the entt'i'-
pri-io. Why.

the ofBcors and i-Liof settlors, for whom good ransoms
iiiif^lit he expected, and send all the rest, men and women,
into New England or Pennsylvania ; bnt, as ho was not to
wait for the lute season to I'cturn to (.Jneljec, for fear of
being stoji]>ed on the way by tlu! iee, ho had orders to
confido tho exeeution of all that remained to bo done to
the Chevalier de CuUieres, wluim the king intended for tho
government of New York, and of the city and fort of 3[an-
hattau, under the authority of the Crovernor-CTeneral of
Now France. Finally, one oi the principal fruits of tlie
victory was to be a solid peace with the Iroquois cantons,
which, no longer able to ho]ie for assistance from the
English, would have no farther temptation to give trouble ;
and to deprive tho other English colonies of facilities
for setting on foot any eutei'prise against us b}' land, it was
expressly enjoined on tho Count do Fi'ontenac to destroy
all tho settlements near Manhattan, and put all the rest
under contribution.'

A project so well arringed, with its execution confided
to ollicers whose name seemed to guarantee success, had
one defect which entailed failure. It depended on the
concni-renco of two things that can never be certainly
counted on, namely, favorable winds and equal diligence
in all appointed to make the preparations. The plan pro-
posed by the Governor of Montreal was much more simple
than that adopted : it was, too, less expensive : it did not
depend on the caprice of wind and wave, but was con-
trolled by one head, the best in Canada. By adding some
precautions against the Iroquois, easily adopted, it would
infallibly have succeeded ; but, in the way that things
were arranged, it required a kind of miracle to attain the
end in view.

Not but that the measures were well concerted on the
part of the king and his minister ; but the slightest fault

' Inptructions for the Invnsion of pp. 4'3.2-(i; raiiiulR Doc.,I., iv., p. l!J,-<,
New York. X. Y. Col. l>oc., ix.. ( t f-cfi.

1

#

niSTouy OF new fraxck. 27

in the cxocution of a siiifrlo articlo was ononc^'li to doraiif,'e 1689.
the whole, and scvoral wore oonjinitted. Tlio iirst was the — -""^
ueglip;ence of those to wliom the equipment of the sliips
was confldcil. "The ropiiirs of the frif,'ate Emhnscado,"
says Mr. (\(> Callicrcs in one of liis letters, " whieli detained
us twi nty-sevcn (hiys at Eoelielle, caused this dehij, M'ith
tlie necessity of escorting merchantmen, generally lioavily
laden and poor sailers."

The result was that not till the 12th of September could
Mr. de Frontenao reach Chedabouctou, which had been
assigiH'd as a rendezvous for the v .els; and the mer-
chantmen, which had been separated from him for a week
by the constant fogs on the Great Bank of Newfoundland,
did not rejoin him till tlio 18th. Tiio next day lie left the
Embuscade, on which he had sailed thus far, and embarked
on the Saint Francis Xavier, after arranging with Mr. do
la Caffiniore what it was prudent to do at so advanced a
season. The instructions M-hich he left him prove that, if
he did not yet renounce the New York expedition, he did
not reckon much on its success.

These instructions directed that, as soon as he completed hmmc
taking in wood and water, ho should sail in the Fourgon ",o"M,-'de"
to escort the Union to Port Puiyal, where that ship was to j!^!:^,^
discharge! ammunition and provisi<ms ; that he should i.>'o,'",^ '''^.
carry oti' all the English vessels he mi-ht meet on his
way, but without entering into any liaz.irdous engai^M'ment ;
that he should especially endeav(n- to get an English pilot,
who could instruct him as to tlie best anchorages from
Bo.ston to Manhattan ; that he slu.uld make as" short a
stay as possible at Port Itoyal, wImto he was to acquire all
information nect:jsary for the execution of his design,
without disclosing it to any one except Mr. de Manneval,
governor of Acadia, giving all othe/s to understand that
he had orders only to cruise oil" th<> coast and prevent the
enemy from continuing thi'ir rava-'-es.

That he should then sail straight for Manhattan ; and if
he should reach the bay before tin; iirst of November, ho

28

IllS'lOliV Ol' NI'AV F1{.\N("K

1689.

Mr. (le
Froiitunau
ariivcs at
Montreal.

!'l

W!is not to ap]M'na('li witliiii siylit of the city or fort, Init
slionld luild himself at some ^'ooil iinchonigci till the 15th
of the sauK! month, and cnnploy the interval in all matters
relatinp; to hi.s landinj.,'; that lie should then without liesi-
tation show himself, but keep out of gunshot, i'>retending
to be there only to cruise at the entrance of the harbor, in
order to ])revent any thing from going in or out. That if,
after waiting till the 10th of December, he received no
intelligence from him, he nn'ght sail back to Franco ; but
that as he passed Port Royal he shouhl hmd all the ammu-
nition and supplies intended for the land forces, and shut
them up in the storehouses, so tliat they could be found
there the following year, should they be disposed to make
another attempt for the conqnest of New York.'

This was the course adopted by Mr. de la Caffiniere : he
made several cajjtures before reaching Port Iloyal, and
some subsequently ;M)ut to all apj)earanco head whuls
prevented his entenng that port, eitlior on his way to
Manhattan or back, for we shall soon see that place in
great want of all that that officer had orders to leave there.
Mr. de Frcutenac, on his side, left Chedabouctou on the
19th of Sejitember, with all the vessels intended for (Que-
bec, and did not reach Isle Percee till the 25th. He would
not anchor, contentijig himself Avith lying to in sight of the
settlement.

The IlecoUect Fathers immediately came on board, and
from them he learned that New France was in great con-
sternation, caused by an irruption of tlic Iroquois into the
island of Montreal.' This intelligence, of which they could
not give him the details, made him eagerly seek an oppor-
tunity to send the Chevalier de Callieres on in advance,
according to the orders which he had received from the
king ; but he could find none. They accordingly continued

' Frontenac to Seignolav. Canada Port Koyal. Canada Doc, II., v.,

Doc , IF., v.. )). ;17. ]). '.JO.

'•' H(> took fiix Knglis-b kctclics and " Ciuiiida Dociiinouts, II., v., p. ;!'J.
a brigantino betwcun Caufcau and

1

IJ

SI

IIISTOin' OK NKW FIIANCF.

29

tlioir route tof^'i'tlier, luul uiK-lionul ofV Quebec on tlie 12th 1689.

of Oetober;' tliey left it on the 'iOtli, luul on the 27tli ^'

reiichoil Montival. Tliem they found ^h: de DenonviUe
and ^Ir. de Cli;ini[)iKny in tlie ^'I'eiitest perplexity that can
he exiir sised, lUid tliis was tiie eaus(>.

Ou the 25th of Au!,'ust,'' at the time when tlie Freiieh imiptioii
deemed themselves in the ^veateht .seeurity, fifteen hun- iro.iuoU
died Iroquois made a descent l)ef(n'e day on the ipuvrter iJJundof
of La Chine,' wliieh is on the south side of the island, frwuu^
about three l.-a^aies abov tlie city. They fouial all the l';;!'^;.;.';,\';"^
peoi)lo asleep, and be^'an l)y massacring' tlie men ; tlieu
they set fire to the luuises.' By this means, all who had
remained in tliem fell into the hands of these Indians, and
experienced wjiatever fuiy can suj^gest to sava<<es. They
carried their fury even to excesses of wliicli they had not
been deemed capable. They opened tlie bodies of pregnant
women, to tear out the fruit tliey liore; they put cliildreii
alivo on the spit, and forced tlie motliers to turn and roast
them.' They hivented a number of other unheard-of tor-
tures ; and thus, in less than an hour, two hundred per-
sons, of every age and both sexes, perished in \ho. most
frightful tortures."

This done, tlie enemy approaclied within a league of the
city, everywhere committing tlie same ravages and \>vv-
potratiug the same cruelties ; and, when weary of these

' Kronlcnai' (X.Y. dil. U'lC, ix.. p. l-ouin at nifibt, diiiiiitf a stvi.To hail

43")). l^a llcmtiiii (VDVagi'S, i., \t. l!)'^), Htonu.
say Oc'tobiT l.'i, at S i: M. ^ lieiuy, Ciin' of La Chini!, says

' Th(' ObsiTvutiiinsmi tlio State of only two hoiisce, M. liourgory's

Affairs (\. Y. C'(j1. Doc, ix., |>. 4:!1) ami oni' wh.rc hi; said luuf-s. fs-

gays Au.ijii.'-t .1, N. S. Cliamiii'^ny's caiiwl.

Letter. November 1(1 (ib.. ji, -V.ir,) ' Frontenac's (bspateh. November

says tho same, t'olilen (History ot lo- N. Y. Col. Doe., is., p. 43.").
the Fivo Nat) lis, p. 11.") ami t^mith " Deliuont (Ili.stoire dii •'aiiada.

(Hi«tory of New York. I>. ",) ;,'ive p. oOl, writiilj; on the spot, gives a

July ','1!, <). S. list, but no exact niiiiilier of killed,

■' For the origin of this place, see Frontenac.'s despatch, November \2,

Vol. III., ante, p. Vii. IJelmont says 500 killed, U'O carried off. N. Y.

(Histoire du Canada, p. 20) says 1400 Col. Doc, ix., p. 43.'). De Callieres

Iroiiuois. They passed Lake St. (ib., p. 429) mya l.JO killed.

80

HISTORY OF NKVV FRANCE.

1689. horrors, tlipy took t^vo linndrcd jirisonors, whom tlioy
^^-<— ^ I'lirrit'il ofl" to their vill;it,'i's ami Imriicd.' At thn first
tidiii^^a of this tra;.,Mc iill'iiir, Driioiivillc, who was nt Mout-
niil, orderi'd In Kobcyro, 11 licutniimt iu tho iiriiiy, to
tlirow liiniself into a fort" wliich lie feared tlio eiKMiiy
wouhi carry. That olliccr had scarei'ly entercHl it, liet'ore
it was invested l>y a body of Inxjuois, nj^ainst whom ho
lonj^ held out with grtvvt valor ; but his soldiers, who fouj,'ht
with desperation, havinj^ been killed to a man, and ho
himself severely wounded, the assailants entered the fort
and took him prisoner.'

Then tho whole island remained a Jiroy to the victors,
who overran tho greatest }iart of it, leaving cverywhoro
bloody traces of their fury, Mliich tho French were not
able to oppose. It lasted till the middle of October; and
as nothing was then heard of them, the General sent tho
Sieurs du Luth and Mantet ' to the Lake of the Two

' Cnniidft DriouTucnls, H., v., p. -IS.
Bclniniit Nnys !I0 carrii'd (iff.

'•' Fort Koluml. ()l)8frvntiiin« on
tlicStutf of AtliiirH, N. Y. Col. Doc,
ix., p. 4:il ; Ciiniidn Doc, II., v . IS.
TIm; ofllccr is styled tlnTi' Hnlu'Viv.
A liii'iit. Sitrns La Hiilnllc in N. Y.
I'oc II. i.. p. 1 ;ii/. I.ii Iloiitiin writes la
liiilierri'. Frrliind (ii.. p. In.Ii, dc la
Hobi'slc. Holnioiit (Ilistoiru du Can-
ada, p. JJOj ci'iisuri'sVaudrcuil for not
cutting off a nunilicr wlioni hv found
drunk, and ri'M:uiu;; iln- prisoners.
lie docs not nienticju tlii' capture of
Fort Roland, l)ut says that ( uptain
I/Arabelle and some Indians, sent
to reinforce Vaudreuil, Au<;iis; .^,
wen; cut to ]iieoeH, and L'Ariibelle,
Lu IMante, and Villeileun.' taken.

•■ l,a llontan says do Longueil,
tli(^ commander of the detachment,
thcmgh wounded, was rescued liy the
French Indians ; the other officers,
la Kaberre, St. Pierro Denis, la
Plnnte, and Villedene, taken. lie

makes the detachment ll)0 French
and .')0 Indians. The Observations
on the State of Affairs only SO men.
Lerifre de la I'lante was rescued only
in U\{\2. Ferland, ii., p. '-'l:!. On
the masfracre of La Chine, see also
La llonlan. Voyages, i., p. l!i:j; I'e
la Potherie, Ilistoire de I'Ann'riipie
S('pt., ii., p. ',':.'!>. Colden (History of
the Five Nations, \>. 115), followed
by Smith (History of Xew Y'ork,
1>. oT), makes the French loss just
10(10 killed, 'JO carried off captive.
Till' Iroipiois les-i. :', I A cotem|>orary
authority, however. Col. N. ]?ayaril,
September 2:1, lOHD (N. Y. Col. Doc.
iii., p. Oil), says: "They killed and
to<)k jirisoners some say ilOO, some
ion, whereof they hroufrht about loU
to their castles."

' Canada Documents. II., v., ji. AH.
Daniel Greysolon du Luth was a
brother-iu-law of Mr. de Lusifrny, an
oflicer in the Count de Frontenac's
(Tuaids, ."xud was at the head of Cou

ll[STOHY OF NKW FRANCE

81

>ronnt(iiiis, (o iiKikc sure nf tlic ciifiiiv's r('tr(\'it, in (irdor ^^>^9-

{() lie iilil.' to give so.Mif rest to the troops, who lijid liccii ""^'^

for luoro tliiiii two iiiontlis niul.T iiriiis ni^'ht tuid tliiv.
Those two otUrers iiicl twciity-two Irot|iU)is in two canoos,
who with ^'veiit h:uif^'htiii.'ss udviiiicctl to attack tlioni.
Thf'V rcftMvcd tlicir (irst fiic witliout ii shot, then closcil
with them iind killt^l oi^ditoon. Of tli(( four survivors, oiio
(srfi])i!d hy swiiuiriin;,', the three others wore taken and
given up to tlie tires of our Indians.'

It was in such sail ciivunistiinceH that Messieurs (hi I'n.jcii nf
Frontenac and de ('.•dlieres reached Montreal on the 22d in'S,.
of Noveiulter. One of our Indi.uis captured at the rout
at La Chine, wlio eseiii)ed after h.avin^' his nails plucked
out and tin^'ers gnawed or burnt, oanio to hoo the generals.

if

rein's (li! Bois, iiiulcr tlif pniiii'tion
nf tlmt governor. Hcsectil^ to have
lioi'ii till! iiirlieHt exploriT of Miiinu-
Bota, mill till' first to Imild a [lost
lii'yniul I/ike Sii]Mrior. lit- rcHnieil
Ilcnnopin from llic Sioiis, Uv for-
tiled Ditmit. was in IVncinville h
Lxpedition after capturing Me(ire;r-
ory, wan tlien coiuinnndnient ol Fort
Fiontenac. tie died in tlie winter
of lTO'J-10.

Do Afantelit Ih railed in Ferland
(Cours d'Histoire. ii., p. Isd), Le
(iiirdinir (ie .Miintct ; )jut if wus ap-
par. iitly Nic'liolaw Daillel)otiRt, Sieur
do Mantel, fiftli son of Cliarlesd'Aille.
i)ou.st, Sieur des Musseaiix. llu was
born in KHi^ (Dniuel, line Page de
Notre Ilistoire, p. -.'OTi. and was
lulled at Iludson'.s liny in ]7(j;i
\Cliarlevoix. Histoir.- rle la Nouvelle
France, ii., p. y^O), after serving in
de la Barros exi)i'(liiion ag;iiii-.t
Schenectady, and in the West. N. Y.
Col. Doc, ix., pp. vy.j, -|:;."i, .(flO, &e.

' Frontenac and Chunipi^ny, N. V.
Col. D(jc,, is., p. 4:i.j. Canada Doc,
II., v., p. 4H. Belmont (Ilistoire dii
Canada, p. 31) gays oniy two were

taken. [Ie gives as the date Octo-
ber Hi, and enlogi/cH Dii I, nth
gri'atly.

There is little doubt aa to the
complicity of the New Yorkers i:i
the Laclune mas.sacre. War was
deehire<l by them .May 7, ItiSl). A
conference was held wltli the Iro-
ipmLs, June 9.7, ULSO. Coldrns Five
Nations (174:), p. !li). After it, in
anoth.M- conference in September,
they were conirratulated for their
success, ami urged to continue (ib.,
p 10-.'; Milet. Helation. p. 45). Phil
lips and Van Cortland (Letter, Au-
gust \ lliSOi say: "Tlie Cantons
Indians Nations uliovo Albany, hear
ing of a wurr between England and
France, are gone to figlit the inhab-
itants of Canada." N. Y. Col. Doc,
iii., p. <10.^. Van Cortland (il)., p. (ioll)
says. August 5, "the Indians are
gone about a montli agoe to fight
the inliabitants of Canida." It was
iippareiitly instigated (see p. 01,)) so
as to make peace l)etween them and
the French imjiosBiljlo, ami thus
save New Y'ork from " lutermost
ruyne." See too Doc. Hist., ii., p. 4y.

89

IIISTOUY OK NRW KUAN<'13.

1689.

Nfr. (W
D'tiriiivlMi

mill

( llillll|ii>;l.v

decide Id

al>;ilid(ili

C'al;in)(Miiv

Ho told tlu'iii thai, it had l)0(<n tlio ori^iinal intoution of tho
li(H[iU)is to (M)iiit> down l)y thti Rivor dea I'mirics,' which
scpiwati'H Moiilri'ul Islaiiil from I-*li> .Tfsiis ; to li('f;iii (ht<ir
attack l)_v thi' eastern fxtrcinity of the fornuu', to rava^'u it
(•iini|)l(!t('ly, advanciiij,' wtslwaid, and not to loavo u Hiiif^'lu
Fronchnian th(!i'o ; he did not iuiow wiiat liad prnvontfid
tJH'ir oanyinj^ out tliis |plan, l)ut tliat they woro soou to
return, to complete duiinf^ the winter what they had
he^un ; that then they projjosed to uiaUt! tliemselvcs nnis-
tern of the town in the sprin;^', and were to be joined hy
a ^Tcat number of l'ji;^li.sh and Mohej^ans ; that they
intended tlieneu to j,'o down to Three Iliveis, tlieii descend
to (Juebee, where tlu'V expeetcl to tiud an Enj;lish lleot,
and they tlattered themselves tiiat at tho end of that
canipaif^n there would bo uo French left iu Canada.

Mr. do Frontenac then saw how im|)ortant it would
have been for him to have arrived tiireo months ear-
lier; because, ev(;n had ho not reduced Now York, he
would at least have ])reventi'd what hud happened, by
puttiufj; tho Irocpiois and Eu^disli on tho defensive. To
crown his chai^rin, he hvirned that, in all probability, Fort
Cataroe(niy was evacuated and ruined. In fact, -Mr. de
Donouvillo had sent orders' to Mr. de Valroiuies, who
commanded that post, to abandon it, after blowing u[) the
fortidcations and burning,' tho stores that ho could not
remove, provided no convoy riMiched him before the mouth
of November. This information was the more surprising;
to the now governor as Denonville had given these ordorH
without awaiting the king's directions on tho subject,
which he had actually solicited himself; and that he had
adopted the course after the Inxiuois had insolently told
them that thoy wished him to demolish that fort.

As he complained greatly of this step, both de Dl'uou-
villo and de Champigny represented to him that Fort

^f

^^

' Can.ida Docuuientfi, II., v., p. JiO. pi-'ntigny. La Ilontan, Voyages,
N. Y. Col. Doc, 'x., p. -l;!0. i., p. l!l."); N. Y. Tol. Pop., ix.,

' By the Sieur St. Piorru de Hi-- p. 'IMU.

iiisToitY OK \i;\v ri;,\N('i;

58

f

Ciitnrocouy whh Hitunti'd ut flic Ik ad of n l»ay, iiiul, occu-
l>viiij{ IK) ])iiHHii^,'r, was of vcrv liiiiitcil utility; tlidt .siip-
piii's <'(»nM l)t' scut there only at lieavy expense; that
even firewooil iiad to l)e sent up, lis t le Liiu'vison could not
be sulHcicntly liu|,'e to ^,'o and cut womI in the forest, with-
out licinj,' exposed to Irocpiois ainbnsciide.s ; and that
incri'asini,' the garrison would entai! the stripping' of tho
iMust necessary ))osts.' These reasons wen; at least sjie-
fious ; but Connt de Frontenac was not easily persuaded
wiu'U the nnitter projiosed was not to his taste. More-
ovor, Fort Cntarocouy was ids work, and boro his name.

In truth, an advanced jiost on that side was a ^,'r(Mit
eonveinenc(!, and it disj)leased the Tnxiuois (»nly because
it hampered them ; but I have already reiiiarkid that it
would have l)een much more advantftgeous to place it at
la (taletto. It would be twenty leagues nearer to Mont-
real : a road could be opened to revictual it at anv time ;
with cannon the Irocpiois could be prevented from passing
the river at that point. Still, Fort Catarououy, without
possessing all these advantages, had enough to out weigii
the inconvenience exjjerieneed in maintaining it, nor
should it have been abandoned till a more udvantageous
one was constructed.

On tho other hand, several persons to wjiom the Crov-
eiiior General wished well were greatly interested in its
preservation; it was very convenient for their trad(>, often
conducted to the prejudice of the pulilic good; nor had
this reason been one of tho least iniluential in inducing do
Dcuouvillo and do Champigny to let it fall ; biit the for-
mer, whom the king had api)ointi>d .Sub-g(jvornor of tho
Princes of France, had resigned ail authority to his succes-
sor, and in the aftair in question confined himself to .simple
representations, which the Intondant supported as Mell us
ho could.

Count de Frontenac i)aid no regard to them ; and as by

16H9.

KroIllrllili'H

ri'ii^iiiis liir

iiiaiiiliiiii

Itit: tliitt

pl'St.

V,ii,. IV..

' X. \.r„\. !),„■., ,x.. p. -ICJ.

V

■'" I

i I

Ir'
■

lti8

CMiriialcd.

34 iiis'i'oiiv or Ni;\v fiiaxck

16S9. ono clause of Mr. do Di'nonvillo's letter to the Sionr do

■'^"^ Vidronnos tluit conniiiuidiint \v;w iiutliorizod to wait till

^riiit |ii('>- tlio (Mid ot _N()veiiilier lu'lVn'i^ evacuating Ciitarocouv, the

anitiiiiis to 1 T 1 • • 1 *i 1

rivutuai it. new i^overnor lioped to ho m tnuo to countonnand the
order, and send ti convoy snfliciont to enable him to hold
ont in the fort.' Ho aceordinij;ly fitted out 25 canoes with
all celerity, added a di'taehineut" which his jire(UH'essi)r
had collected to facilitate the retreat of the f^arrison, and
p;avo tlioin an escort of three huiidrcMl men, French and
Indians, chiefly Irocjuois of Sault St. Louis and of the
Afountain, who, seeiii.t,' tlieniselves no lonp;er safe in tli(>ir
villaL,'es, had taken refuge in Montreal.

He had another view, also, in sending out this large
detaclunout ; ho had broiTght back from France tho Iro-
i|uois who had been condemned to the galleys, and wished
to send some of them to their cantons, there to announce
the return of all tho others, and Tiotify tho cantons to send
for them. But, with all tho expedition that ho could eni-
ploj-, his convoy could not be got ready till tho Gth of
November;' and ho had not returned to Montreal two
hours, after conducting it in person as far as Lachine,
before the Sieur do Valrennos arrived with his garrison,
composed of forty-ilve men, having lost six, drowned while
shooting a rapid."

He had burned or thrown into the water all the stores
and ammunition that could encundier his march, sunk in
the harbor three barks wliieli he had left, with their an-
cliors and iron cannon, transportcnl tho bronze pieces as
far as Lake St. Francis, where he had concealed them ; he
had mined the bastions, walls cf tho fort, and towers, and
put in several places slow matchiss, lighted at one end;"
and as some three or four hours after their departure he

>«:

' Camula Doc, II., v., p. li.*). ' \. Y. Co!, Hoc , ix., p. i:)" ; Cau-

'' Ciuiiida Doc, II , v.. ji. 14. iidii Doc, 11.. v., ji. 1.").

' N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., 1). 1:1T : Can- ' (.'luiiulii Doc , II,. v., p. l.").
iviki Doc, II,, v., p. 44. ' Ciiniiila- Doc, II., v., p. t.5 ; La

Uniiiiiii, VovafTos, i., p. VXt.

IllHTOin- OK NKW I'liANCK, 35

hiid lu'iu-d a «rcat noiso, lit) luul uo doubt it was eiithvly 16S9.
blown lip. Tho vexation cxperieacoa by tlio now gov- '
ernor, on Kceini,' his preparations frustratea, may b(3 con-
ceived from the reasons which, as explained, he had for
interesting himself in the preservation of Fort Catarocouy,
and by tho vivacity which ho displayed on the subject.
His only consolation was tho hope of restoring it, as he
did soon after.'

Tho conquest of Now York ho had also extremely at >^'^v^-
heart, and the Chevalier do Callieres, who had succeeded '-^^^^^^
in inducing the Martpiis do Denonville to favor it, wrote ' '
in these terms to the Martinis do Seignelay : " Mr. do De-
nonville will tell you, MtMisoigneur, how important it is for
tho king to mako himself master of Now York, and antici-
pate tho English in their project of ruining this country by
means of tho Iroquois, with whom he must not hope to
mako peaco by ways of negotiation, so long as wo arc at
war with tho former. If we remain on the defensive, tho
ruin of this colony is inevitable ; these Indians will con-
tinue their inroads, burn and pillage every thing, without
our being able to oppose tliem, were there even twice as
many more troops in tho country ; but by taking New
York, we compel them to ask peaco on such conditions as
we choose to impose.

" This expedition may take place before or after harvest,
and there are two v/ays of carrying it out. Tho surest is
to attack Manhattan with six ships, carrying an army of
1200 men, while the Canadian troops attack Orange (Al-
bany) by land. The other moans is less expensive ; it
consists in sending to Canada 30U recruits, who, with a

' Tho Iroquois, according to Mili-t, uation. Tlioy fouiul consiilt-nvhln

were told by the Oovonior of New iirovisious tluTf. Milct, Kolaliim,

York, in a coutcroucc iit Allmny, p. 4"). SmitU'rt History of Ni-w York,

that lio almndoncd Fort Froiiii-iiuc p. oT. By this scai.ii for any tiling

to thcui. and that they could easily tlioy coidd liiid in the ruins, " tho

tako it, as the garrison were dying Indians,' says Sniitli (p. 1:1S), " ac-

of hunger. The Iroiiuois did not iiuiri'd a title either by comiucst or

arrive, however, till after the evac- dereliction."

) :

36

IIISI'OHV OF \K\V FRAXCK

1689.

sl

What pre-
vcntcd its

tiikiiit;

eff'jct.

Iberville's

expedition

to the

uortli of

Canada.

like immber of old soldiers, will bo stationed to guard tho
principal post? in tho country, while a force of 1000 royal
troops and 3 or 400 colonists are sent to lay siege to
Orange (Albany). That town ttiken, a good garrison will
be loft there, and our forces will push on to attack Man-
hattan (New York) ; but to succeed in this second siege, it
is necessary to have two frigates, which can land 300 men
to replace those left at Orange and to guard tho canoes.
These two frigates should be sent in March to Port Royal,
and at the same time provision should be made for tht;
safety of that post, exposed to be carried by the English
from Boston ; and a frigate to Quebec to conroy his maj-
esty's orders, the 300 recruits, flour, and other necessary
provisions." '

The minister could not but regard with favor this project
of the Governor of Montreal, whom he knew to bo one of
tho Colonial ofHcers Avho planned most wisely, and was
able to carry out any thing confided to him ; but while
they were busy in Canada seeking moans to make con-
quests from tho English, tidings came tluit the English on
their side were taking measures to seize Canada. Perhaps
with greater diligence they might ha>e been anticipated,
but there was no time left when information came of their
design. Once more, therefore, was it necessary to re-
nounce a conquest necessary to tho tranquillity of New
France in order to meet an enemy who had made the first
move, and who had this advantage over us, that he could
raise in America sufficient forces to crush us. Fortunately
for us, these were not put in good hands.

The campaign of IfiS'J had not, however, been unsuccess-
ful in all parts of New France. "While the Iroquois were
carrying their ravages to the very heart of the colony,
d'Ibervillo and his brothers were sustaining in the north
the honor of the French arms, and our brave Abenaquis

'i

f'k

."*

vr-

' Seo plan. N. Y. CM, Doc, is., York, jip. 04-5. For New York about
pp. 428-4n0; Smith, History ot'New tliislinie.sre.Miller'sXcw Vork.ioyr).

1

HISTOUV OF NEW FRANCE.

:^7

1 tlio
roj'iil
jc to
I will
Mau-
?e, it
nioii
ioes.
ayal,

f tlu!

,'lisli

llUlj-

sary

)ject

of
was
■liilo

20U-

1 on
laps
ted,
beii'

re-
s^ew
irst
.ukl
toly

3SS-

Gi'e

"V,

rth
nis

lOllt

avenged us, at the expeuso of the Euglish, for all the 1689.
injuiy that their allies had done us at their instigation. "— y^

In the first days of May, information readied Quebec
through two Canadians, who had sot out on the 5th of
January, in snowshocs, from Fort St. Louis, at the head
of Hudson's Bay, that d'lherville had arrived there in the
month of October previous ; that la Ferte, his lieutenant,
having, 30 leagues from Port Nelson, met the Governor of
New Savannah, a place situated on the western shore of
the bay,' had taken him prisoner, seized his papers, and
found among them letters from the directors of the London
Company, containing orders to proclaim the Prince and
Princess of Orange, king and queen of Great Britain, in
the bay, which, this company pretended, belonged wholly
to the English crown."

This pretension, so at variance with what had been
agreed upon between Louis XIV. and James II., was soon
sujiported by two ships, that appeared in sight of Fort
St. Anne,^ to which d'Iberville had just proceeded. One
of these ships had eighteen giuis and four ))edereros ; the
other a like number of podereros and ten cannon : they
were both well loaded with arms, ammunition, and suj)-
plies, and their crews amounted in all to eighty-three men,
among whom there were eleven pilots of twelve whom the
English Ailmiralty maintained for Hudson's Bay. Nor
did they flatter themselves with any thing short of the
ex])ulsion of the French from all the ])osts they occupied.

Yet they did not at first dare to attack with open force,
although d'Iberville had but few men with him ; and even
after the first hostilities, which were not to their ailvan-
tage, they proj)osed terms tliat d'Iberville did not think
it his duty to reject; but, as he knew the foe with Mliom
he had to deal, he kept on his guard, and it was well he

' Oh the river Kol'iacliouc. I)e la tions at Hiulstin's Bay in 1088.
Pothoric, !., ]>. 170: or deg Saintra ' Canada Docuiufiits, II., v., p. 5:!.
Huilts, il).. 101. This author (units ' Q,iichychouan. Canada Doc, II.,

nil i-ft'eronco to d'lliervillc's opera- v., p. 5u.

r^a

HISTOIJY OF NEW FRANCE.

16S9. did. He was not loiif,' iu perceiving that the only object

, of the English was to lull liis suspicions, in onlor to full

upon him as soon as the} saw him without any misgiving,
and ho resolved to forestal them.'

To do so more securely, he aftected more than over
great security ; but he laid several ambuscades for the
enemy, into which they fell. He thus deprived them of
twouty-one of their best men, including their surgeon and
one of their highest officers ; and after thus weakening
tliem, he summoned them to surrender as prisoners of war.
They replied that they could not do so with honor, being
still forty capable of defending themselves, besides the
sick.

On this repl}', d'Ibervillo detached fourteen men under
do Maricourt, his brother, with orders to harass the
English, sometimes on a little island where they were
encamped, and sometimes on their ships, which were
locked in the ice. Two days after he followed in person,
and after cannonading each other for some time, without
doing any considerable damage, d'Iberville again sum-
moned the commandant, threatening to show him no
quarter, if he deferred his surrender."
lli^ success. J-'JiQ Englishman wrote to him that there was a treaty
between the two crowns,'' and that ho was surprised that
ho showed so little regard to it. D'Ibervillo replied that
he had not been the first to infringe ; that withal ho insist-
ed on the surrender of the two ships and all their crews.
They begged a day's delay, which ho granted. On the
ex]">iration of the term, he sent his interpreter for the
answer, which was handed to the man in writing. It con-
tained, among other things, that ho consented to surrender
the two ships to the French commandant, witli all on
board ; but that from this he should pay the wages of tho
officers, amounting to £2,500, and givo these same officers

I

!■*>

' ('ixnadii Docuuii'iitii, II., v., p. 01. ■' Tlin ilesimtch says, " truitc fiitro
'' Canada Doc , II., v., pp. (iO-5. eux" — " negotiations beiwuen them.'"

'?5

y

IIISI'OHY OF NKW KliANCK,

:;'.i

wore

: ,1

1*

a vessel, with all ita rigging, to carry tliem Avherever tliey 1 6«9-
cliosi! to go. "^ '

This was grunted, with, however, some restriction as to
the number of the Enghsh who should bo permitted to
foUow their oflicers. All the otliers remained prisoners,
and d'Ibervillo w,ts especially careful to release none of
tlie pilots. Ii: the month of June,' iMr. do Ste. Heleno
iiaving come to join his two brothers, handed to Mr.
(I'lberville an order from the Governor General to bring
the larger of his two prizes to Quel)ec. He obeyed, sail-
ing from St. Anno on the I'ith of Septe. ber with Ste.
Heleno' and the more important of his i)risoners, leaving
Maricourt, with thirty-six mt^n, to guard the posts at the
head of the bay, where, to all appearance, the Enghsh
would soon endeavor to have their revenge. On his way,
he fell in with an English ship, bearing young Chouart,
who had not been able to extricate himself from the hands
of the English since the surin-ise of Port Nelson. Ho
longed to attack this vessel, but his force was insufficient,
and he had prisoners to guard."

In default of strength, he had recourse to stratagem : ho
raised the English flag, and the Captain, taking him for a
real Englishman, agreed to sail in company, d'Iberville to
car:''y a light during the night, and at the first clear
weather they were to visit each other. D'Iborville's design
was to seize the Captain and the crew of the boat that
brought him, then to board the English ship, where he
hoped to find little resistance ; but they experienced such
severe weather as far as the moutli of Hudson's Strait, that
they had to separate, without seeing each other, and
d'Iberville reached Quebec safely on the 25th of October.'
The cheek received by tlie English this same yeax from
the Canibas wa.5 even m<n'e humiliating than the manner

y

' He rpnclied St. Aiiik,' August 15. ' (.'luiaila Doc, II., v., p. OS).

Canada Doc, II., v., p. "I'i,. * TIr' ^8tli or 2i)th, according to

' Sue. iidk'ne set out for Montnal Canada Doc, II., v., pp. CD, I'd. Seu

by cnnoo. Canada Doc, II., v., w 72. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 443.

"»

40

llISTOin <»r NKW KIJANf'K

1689. in wliioli tlioy had boon liaiidltHl in Hudson's Bay. Tlioy

~;;^~Y— — ' h.id planted tlnuasolves in a placo nauKul Punikuit, situated

of iiHf'aui- Itt'twoen tlie Pontaf^oc't river and tlic Kcnnobec, and niado

I'eiuqiihl. tlicic a very fine settlement, defended by a fort^ wliicli was,

ind(;e(l, only a stockad(>, bnt i[vAto. ref,Milarly bitilt, with

twenty c.iunon mouuted.' From this point they were

extremely annoying to all the neighboring Indians, who

had always openly declared for the Friinch, nor did they

cause less disquiet to the Governor of Acadia, who justly

dreaded the etl'ect o>' their intrigues to detach those tribes

from our alliance.

At last a party of one hundi'ed warriors, chiefly Canibas,
took the field on the Oth of August, to drive the English
from this important ]ioint, and rid themselves of such
unpleasant neighbors. They wore from a village near
Pentagoiit, Avhoro an ecclesiastic namtnl Mr. Thury,' a zeal-
ous laborer and man of capacity, directed quite a ;.<unier-

\i

' For Ppinaquid, seo Hmij^li'sPi'in-
n(|iiiil Papi'i's, in Maine Historical
(oili'ctions, vol. v.. and J. W. Thorn-
ton's Ancient Peniaquid.in tlii' same
volume, I'l). i;i!(-o()l. Tli<' En^'lisli
cliiini dated back to 1035, when
Sanioset sold tliein a tMct here.
Thornton, in Hist. Mag., i., ]). l:5it.
A si'itli'nient begpn soon after, and
Sir William Phipps was horn here
in KloO- This portion of Maine
being embraced in the Duke of
■^'ork's charter, it lor a time formed
part of New York ; but, by royal
order of September li), KlSi), was
transferred to Massachusetts. The
Settlement was then styleil .James-
town, as the fort was Fort Charles.
Hubbard, in ICiTT, mentions T or S
considerable dwellings. Indian War,
ii.. p. 73. Andros, after its caplure,
sjieaks of 30 houses. Maine Hist.
Coll., v., p. ;jil4. In October, 108S,
Andros stn'ioned two companies
here, of 00 men each, under Col. E,
Tyng and ('a]it. Minot, and 30 regu-

lars, giving command to Captain
Urockholst and Lieut. Weems. W'ii-
liainsou's Maine, i., p. .'iSO. Most of
these troops \>ero withdrawn, or
deserted, leaving a few under Lieut.
Weeuis. Mass. Hecords, vi., pp. 30,
32. Sjx'cial instructions were sent
to him, .July 0, lOS!). TIk? Pentagol't
("a rapid," Maurault, Hist, des Ab-
nakis, p. ,")) is the Penobscot (Pena-
wob.<ki't — "(Jround covered with
stones").

•' Hev. Peter 'I'liurv, born at Ha-
yeux : ordain"! at (Jueliec, Decern
ber 31. KiTT, member of the Senii
nary of Cjueliec, Sent to Acadia in
1()S4 (Si. Valier, Etat Present. Que-
bec ed., p. 13) ; began mission in St.
Croix in IO80 (lb., ]>. Is); mvited to
PentngoOt, in 1087, by St. Castiii.
Ho died June ;J, 10i)9. at Chebouc-
tou. Dierevillo, Voyage de I'Acadie,
l>p. 51, 17!) ; Travels of Learned
Missionaries, pp. 280, IJO'J ; Tasche-
reau, Memoir sur I'Acadie.

inSTORY OF NKW KliANCK

41

oils mission. Tlio first ciiri' of tlicsis bruvi* Christians was
to iissuri; to tliomselvos tlio aid of tlic Lord of Hosts : nil
confessed, many received coniinnniou, and tlu'y took cari!
that their wives and children fnltilled the same dnty, in
order to be able to raise pnrer hands to heaven while their
fathers and husbands were cond)attinf,' the heretics.. All
this was done with a piety which assured the missionary
of the success of the enterprise. The Perpetual Eosary
was established in the (Jhapel during the whole time of the
expedition, the edifying exercise not being interrupted
even at the hours for meals.

The warriors proceeded along the coast by sea, and, on
embarking, sent three canoes ahead to reconnoitre, with
orders to join the army two leagues from Pemkuit, where
they were to land. On all arriving there, they marclu'd
by land with so nnich precaution that they reached the
first English houses unperceived. On the road they took
three prisoners,' from wlioni they learncKl that there were
aljout a hundrtul men in the fort and village. On this
intelligenct!, they resolved to begin by attacking the settle-
ment. After prayer, they stripped for the fight, and
rushed furiously on the houses, broke down the doors, and
slaughtered all who attempted resistance, binding those
who laid down their arms.

At the first tidings of this sudden and unforeseen attack,
the commandant of the fort' opened fire with all his can-
non ; but this did not prevent the Canibas from getting
possession of ten or twelve well-built stone houses' form-
hig a street from the village scpiare to the fort. They
then entrenched themselves, partly at the cellar-door of the
house next the fort, and partly behind a rock on the sea-

' One of these was a nmn named Maine, i,. p. G13. A Captain .Tamos
Starl?y. WilliaiusonV Maine, i., 012 ; Weems ajipears livcjiiently in New-
Mather's Magu., hook vii., p. ()."). York docum .its down to 1721, wlien

■'Capt-'n Weemii, who had been we Pnd him Colonel and Conimis-

Btatioued there liy Andros. He had sioner ol' Indian Affuirs.
14 men, says Hutehinson, Hist, of ■' See Hul'lwrd'a Indian \\ars, ii.,

Mass., i., p, 3.r,'. Williamson's p. 12.
Vol.. lV._(i

iGf^g.

h 1 V >

•i2

IIISTIJUV OP NKW FUANCK.

Tlir\ I like
il.

\Mt). sliovd, and from tlicse two points kcipt up such a terrible

^""'""^ iimskutvy fire on the fort, tVoni noon till evoninp! of the

Till' ' °

tiiiiinn-i im'- llth, that no one thirst ap])ear oi)enly.

I'liiiknii. When night came, they summoned the commandant to
surrender the place ; and an Enf,'lishmau having answei'ed
in derision tliat he was tired and was going to sleep, the
lire began, as if by concert, on both sides; but the In-
dians, under cover of tiu! darknosa, approached the fort,
and invested it, keeping close watch all night to prevent
any one leaving it. The next day, at early dawn, the firing
was I'enewed on both .^idi's, ami was at first quite hot ; l)ut,
after some volleys, the English stopi)ed their tire, and asked
to capitulate. The Indians at once approached, and swore
that they would do violence to no one, provided the garri-
son evacuated the fort immediately.

The commandant a])peared the next monu^nt at the head
of fourteeu men, all that Ik; had left, and of some women.
each one carrying a bundle on the back. The Canibas hit
them pass, withtrnt touching any thing, merely telling
them that if they were wise they would never come back
again ; that the Abenaqui nations had too oftei exjie-
rienced their perfidy ever to leave them in quiet, if they
sliowed themselves in their country again ; that they were
lords of their own territory, and would never permit tluin;
such restless and grasping peoi)le as they were, wIhj
annoyed them, moreover, in the practice of their rehgion.'

They then entered the fort,' committing no disorder

' Hutchiiiwin (Hist, nf Miisr-., i., ami says nothing of any violutioii ot
)i. ;',')i), followed by Williamson tlic trrms. Drake's Indian Captivities.
(Hist, of Maine, i., p. (iUi), says tlie p. 77; Matlicr's Matrnalin, liook vli.
Indians killed some after the snrrcn- p. (W. .\ndros, in his defence, as-
der and niad(^ prisoners of otlieis. cri bed its loss to removal of tnioiis:
La Motte (.'adillac. in his Memoir hut the Answer to Sir Edmund An-
il 'anada Doc, 11., V. : Maine Hist, dros's Account (Maine Hist. Coll., v..
Coll,, vi., p. !2S;3), says they killed in p. :ii)4) attributes it to the careless
all 80, hut spared the commandant security of the giirrisou.
and six of his people at the instance ■' N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 4(i8. Tim-
of .Matekwando. But .John Uyles, ry's Account, Hoston, French Doc.
the best English account, says that vli., p. 2i)7.
Weems went off in PateshiiH's sloop.

if

I.

IllS'l'Oin Ol' NKW I'liANCK.

43

thoro any more tliaii in the houses, wlicrf, finding- u l,ii;n'l
of nun, tlii'V stove it in, witliont diinkin^' u sin^'Ie (liop, nn
lieroie net for Iiidi/uis. When they had examined tlie
whole ])lace, tliey took whatever suitod them, and hn-ehsd
th(! fort and houses. Some wished to f;-o on and (ixpel the
En},dish from an ishind' three or four h^a^nies from Pem-
kuit, but tlie majority did not apjirove the projeet. The
whole party returned to Pentagoi't on two sloops taken
from the enemy, after killinj^ tlie crew.'

The f/'rrison of PcMnkuit jjrrteuded to have lost only
seven i .on in that fort ; but quite a deep treneli was found,
tilled up with bodies ; and the commandant told the In-
dians, on leaving the fort, that they had good powder, and
their g iis were true. He liad experieuee, his face being
half liurnt.' Tlie C'anibas had only one uum slightly
wounded in tlie log; and, on their return, tluiy assured
Mr. Thury that if they had tw(j hundred Frenchmen, a
little accustomed to tlio country and willing to follow
them, they would lead them to Boston.

This expedition was spiunlily foHowed by a more vigcu'-
(ms one, attended with still greater loss to the English.
The latter had in tlie neighborhood of the Kfuobec four-
teen small fort.s, (piite well diU'endtuI.' Tlie. Indians of
Pentagoet and St. John's lliver, uniting, surprised tiiem
all, killing as many as two hundred per.-ons, and carrying
otf a very largo liooty. The chief advantage derived by
us from these incursions was tlie iiircoiu-ileable iaeacii
which they effected between the Eiigiisli and the tribes, of
all others on the continent, who enjoyed tlie highest rc-

if)Sy,

.\niiiliir
lnili:iii

l"C|ll'llilill|l.

v..

' >[imlic{;nn (llulilmnl's Iiidiiiii
Wiira, ii., |). 7:.'; X. V. C'oL Doc., iii.,
|). "i.')!), .Siiys (i Icnpiu's.

'•' Tlicpelidiit-- l)i';oii--i>il to ('i\],iiiiiis
SUyiiiKT, l'"iinil)iiiii. iiiiii l'iiii,.;li:il.
.MathfTM Mkitm., I)U. vii., p. d.", ; \\\\.
liaiiis.)n's .Muiiif, i.. |.. (;i;!.

^ MatlierV .Miii,'ii., ]-.■ ,k vii.. p. li.-, ;
C).vlc.-<, ill Diiilii'V Ihdiaii Ciiplivitics,
p. 70.

' olb(.|'viiii(iii> (Jii ilic Slate of
.\tliiirs i\. Y. Col. Due , ix., ]\]\ U\:',,
l:is; <'iiii;ii:!i Doc, 1., iv., p. -J'J:!)
.-:iv.- Hi. Dovr. X. Ii., was the lir;(l
titii.i'K.il, .liine -,'7, 1(1«1), O. S., tlic
iiiC'lllivi' l.oiii.:; toiivciigr the tl'i'iicli-
iroiis (T.ptiiii' au'l sale of iiiniiy of
i!;c trill,' by Waidron in KiTii, Hut-
cliiiis.in's .Ma.-saciiii.-^i'it.^. i., p. I).")! ;
li.'lknap',-. Niw Ilalnj.^llil■t^ i., p. 1!I8.

W

44

IIISI'OUV OK XKW I'UANCIv

,1

\Mg. iiowii for l)ritv('rv, aiid wliosc siiiccri' iittui'liiiii'iit to tlu!
■ Clii'istiiiii rcli^'ioii mid luiturul docility I'otiiined them moro
ciisily in our idliiincc

Scvcriii Many of tlio Al)(''iiii(|iiiH, ovon then, thought <>f removing

iiiiiiii nf to the heart of the French colony ; all wore not yet Chris-
"iiiiin I'lh^ tiuns, but those who had not received baptism were ])re-

'"""•^' paring for that sacrament.' Dcnonville, in a memoir,
which Scignclay solicited from him aftitr his return to
France, on tlio position of afVairs in Canachi and the best
nii'ans of remedyuig the disorders of that cohmy, says that
till' good understanding which he had maintained with the
Abi'iiaipii nations, b}- means of missionaries, and espe-
cially of the two Fathers Bigot, had proihiced the whole
success of his enterprises against the English, and that
there was no wiser course than to attract a groat number
of these Indians to St. Francis.

He adds that the English and French are incompatible
in that part of the continent of America ; that tlio former
ri'gard our missionaries as their most dangerous enemies,
and did not rest till they had driven them out of all the
Iroquois cantons ; that, even religion apart, it was very
important to resort to (^-ery means to restore them there,
and to have some among all the other Indians, over whom
tlicy li.'uv acquired a very great ascendency; that the Iro-
([Uois have, in reality, more estcH'm and inclinatioii for our
nation than for th" English; but that commercial interest,
or rather the credit which trade gives them, would always
keep them in the English alliance ; that harmony between
the clergy, the Governor General, and Intendant, was the
only means of maintaining the order and tranquilHty of
the country ; that it was to be desired that ecclesiastics

Diiiiin-

\ill.''s M(..-

iiiiiir.

' A iius.«i()n was fotindcd nt Sillcry in 1(1^4-5, removed it to tlio Chiiu-

t'li- AliT'iiniuiiis. Aiiti', vol. ii.,1). its. ilicrc river, aiul cstiiljlished tin' mi.s-

\'«'lie!i this WHS iiliiKist ilesn-DVed l>v si(in (if St. Fnineis de Sales. Bigot,

Miiidl pox, in 107(1, Al)<'iiai|iii.s were Helatiou de la .Mission .\b('na(iui8e,

I'l iri\cd in sueli mnnbeisas to nialu^ 1()!H4, p. ;24 ; ilj., 1085, p. 17. This

il an Alii'naqui inissioii ; but, as ilie was again removed, in 1700, to the

land was exliausti'd, Father Bigot, present St. Francis. lb., 1701.

I

HlsroliV (»l' NKW I'UANl'K.

4n

and religiouH nvfrywlKH-o wcru us worthy men, ami as \^<'^9-
edifviii^,', as tlioy wert' in I'anada, but tliat tliisy wort" too '^-
jioorly ofY, and witliout means of supijort ; tlnit the distant
posts, and especially Catarocony, wore out of reach of
tinuily succor, and that ho had always doomed it an error
to have established thorn ; that those sent to j,'arris(m Iheni
were often forced to enter into the interested viciws of the
Indians, constantly involvin-,' us in trouble witii tlu»
Iro(iuois, and not uufre<iuently drawing' on us the; con-
tempt of our allies, who, unable to be reliovful in season,
did us out of resentment more harm than (mr very ene-
mies ; that it would have been far better not to havi^ inter-
fered in tliL' quarrels of those tribes, and to let them conu)
amouf,' us to supi)ly their wants, and not anticipate them,
as we cimtinuod to do, by carrying' cmr ^oods to them, at
the risk of bein^' plundered on the way, without speaking,'
of the fearful debauchery into which the y(mno- nu'U pluu^'O
in these journeys ; that tlu^ English of Boston and New
York had promised the Iroquois and their allies the total
destruction of the French colony; that Acadia, especially,
was constantly on the point of falling into their hands,
there not liehig in that province a single fort capable of
resistance, and the houses being more scattered even than
on the St. Lawrence ; that it would be nec(!ssary to fortify
Port la Heve, in order to keej) ships there in security ;
that this post was infinitely more advantageous than Port
Royal, from which it is not easy t(i sally forth to tlefend
the coast, and which is too remote from the Islands of
Cape Breton and Newfoundland and the Great Bank ; that
all the coast belonging to France abounded in tish, and
that the fishery was far better adapted to si'ttlo and eiu'ich
the country than beaver and brandy, which till then had
almost exclusively engaged the settlers; that the oiiiy
mode of terminating the war in Canada was to seize ]N[aa-
hattan, and that it could be done with six frigates and
1200 troops to land ; that 800 regulars and the provincial
militia would easily make tlieiuselves masters of Orange,

*i

40

IIISTdUY OK NKAV KHANCK

,1 1

iMg. and that no onv wiis nioi'tMuliiptfd to crown tliis onti'ipiisu
with micfOHs than tht! Chevalier de Oallieres; Imt tliiit,
lifter the capttu'e of the ea|)ital, it iniist l>e burned, and
till) I'ountrv ravapsd uk far as Oraiij^e ; tliat li_v means of
this ])ost, which it woiild he easy to maintain, all inter-
course i)et\veen the lro((Uois and Ijii^dish would he hroUeii
otl", and the former forced to have recoui'Ht) to us; and we
would prevent our allies forming coinuusticnis with them
lirejudicial to our safety ; in tine, that Fort ()rani,'e woiUd
enahle us to keep in res]ie{!t the wliohi New En(,'laiid short',
which was very jiopulous and umhd'eiided.'

All contained in this nieiuoir was well weif,'hed, and,
with few exceptifMis, in rej^ard to which there was some
(liH'erence of opinion in the colony, it would have been
much to the advantai,'c of New France had more attention
been paid to it. JJut the whole attention of the court was
fi;iven to moro interesting', because nearer, objects. The
kiiif,' and his ministry, without deiiyin;,' the utility of con-
(lueriuf,' New York, ix'lievcd all the forces of tiie kingdom
Hooded olsowhi'ro ; and tho cehirity nnpiired by such an
expedition was not as easy as they iinaginod in Canada.
Accordiiij^dy, the proi)er season for dispatching^ shi]>s and
troo])s was again allowed to pass.

Mr. do Soignclay accordingly informed the Count do
Froiitenac and ]Mr. do Chanipigny that the groat exertions
which his ]Majosty was obliged to mak(!, in order to ooj>o
with all tile European powers united against France, would
not permit him to send to America the new reinforco-
nionts which thoy solicited, or think of any enterprise in
that (jnartor ; that a vig(mnis defensive seemed to him at
the juncture most consonant to his service and tho security
of thti colony of C'anada ; that it was ospeicially necessary
to collect tho st^ttlers into towns easily guarded and de-
fended against the Indians ; in tine, that the Count do
Frontenac might nsefully employ tin; intluenco be had ac-

Wi>ll(-i

tllrlJl III

llnlil

IJli'lll'i Ivr;

nil till'
llrU'll-<ivi',

' Ui'uonviUu U) Si'igriflay. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., pji. 44U-7 ; also, lUIi, 4;JS.

IIISTOUV OF NKW I'U.WCK.

47

(|iiin'(l over thi' iiiiiids of the lio(|intiH, mid the ocnvsioii of iMg.
the ri'storjitioii of tluiircoinitrviiicii wlioiii lie liml tiikcii li,ick
finiii l''i;tii('(', to iii;ikc a s' ilid and lioiioialilc pence witli tlieiii.'

TliiK letter shows, tlmt wliile tliey could not uiidcrMtiilid
ill Ciiiiada liow the (!onrt HJioiild at alt lieHitate to make a

Hlij,dit etVort to ex|»e] the KiiLjlisli fi i New Vork, the

kiii^''H council were always aHtonisheil at the refusal of the*
settlers in New France to oliaiigi! the location of tlirir
dwclliii<,'s and adopt in their arraii^'emeiit a systeni wiiich
was, in their eyes, the easiest tliiii!^ in the world, and alt-io-
liitely essential to their preservation. The colonists <'oulil
SOP nothing' more important to the State than to delivei'
their colony from the vexatious iiiu;j;hl)orhood of the lOn-
glish ; the Council, judi^in^' Canada by the provinces of
France, could not he conviiKuid that there was any real
oltstaide to the chan},'os which they [)ropo.sod : thus, what
interests us most nearly scoms in our eyes the i>:,]v thin,.;
uecewsary, and what we see done l)efore our e s seems to
UH practicahlti everywhere.

St;!l, it is a fact, tliat what was letpiired of the (Jaiiadiaii
Hettlers was far K-ss easy to execute than it seemed to the
ministry which re(|uired it; that the project of acting' (<n
t\w defensive, to which the Kiii{,''s Council wished to con-
tine them, was not more so; and that it cost more to repel
the etibrts of the Kn^'lish and tin; Iroquois than it would
have cost, once for all, to deprive the former of the power
to trouble us, and conipeHed the latter to remain peace-
fully in their cantons. This the setpiel of our histoi'v will
show convincinj^dy.

The Count de Frontenac; had also returned to America
convinced that, next to the coiupiest of New Vork, the most
advantaf^'cous thin-' to he done for the French colony,
whos(. ^'overnmeiit lie resumed, was to re;,'aiii the Iro.pioi.s ;
full of confidence in his success, he ha.sed his hope chietly

'I..Miis XIV, to K>-n„t,.,i»c .uul (■ol.n„c..ix.,i,p.4.-.2-,5;In8tnuaioui.,
( Immpi-ny, July 14, l(l!l(). N. y, June 7, KWi), il, , ,,, 407.

i'i

48

HISTOKY OF NEW FRANCE.

16S9.

Frimtrimo

litli(>r»i III

• (jnin over

tlic

Iri)(|iii>is.

1 690.

on tlui fact that ilurinfjf liis first stay in tliat conntiT the
Iroquois nation had manifested j:;i'eat esteem and attach-
ment to his |iers(m, and lie did not donbt hut tliat, on
showing himself to them, with a great number of their
chiefs whoso fetters he had broken, they would at once
resume their previous sentiments toward him.

He was at least wi'll assured of having gained over to
his interest a brave, Cayuga chief named Ourecnihare, the
most influential of all those whom he had brought back
from France, and to whom he had shown groat friendsliip
on the voyage. He took this chief with him to Montreal,'
and, finding there an Iro(inois embassador named (ragnie-
gaton,' who had come to make rory insolent propositions
to Denonville, Oureouhare advised F)"ontenac to send back
with him four of his comrades in captivity, to notify the
cantons of the return of all their chiefs.'

The Count followed this advice ; Oureouhare I'ccom-
mendcul these dej)uties to omit nothing to induce the can-
tons to send an embassy to their old Father, showing them
that they could not dispense with congratulating him on
liis happ}' return and thanking him for the goodness lie
had shown their brethren. He also directed them to
assure the Nation that they would find in the General now
what they had found in him in the past, great esteem and
afi^ection. He also charged tluim in particular to declare
to his canton, that he would not return among them until
they cann^ to ask him from Oiionthio, from whom he was
resolved not to depart without his permission.

The deputies set out with Clagniegaton, and fulfilled
their commission perfectly. On their arrival, the cantons
assembled, and sent their reply by the same ambassador,
who arrived at Montreal cui the 9th of March, lO'JO.* He

m

• N. Y. Col. Doc., ix., p. 4(il. y. IM.

■' Gngnn'jrtitnn Imd bi'i'ii onciil tlu' ' Niirnitivc of Occurifncrs, N. V.

ili'initicR nt Moiitrcil, .'uiKf "2, KiHS. I'ol. Doc, ix., p]i. 4(i4-r) ; Di; In Po-

■' Nnrrativc ot tlic Most liriimvkR- thi'rii', Ilistoiri' dr rAiiit'ri(|iir Si'pt.,

ble OccuiTcnceH, N. V. Col. Doi',, ix., iii., p. (i:j.

HISTORY OF NEW FHANCE.

49

fouud tliere neither tlie Count de Frontenae uor Oiireou- 1690.
hart', who hail returned to Quebec, and several days passed — '>'^-'
without the Chevalier de Callieres being able to elicit any cuntons to
thing from him or his comjianions. They were at last, ositlons.
however, won over by the courteous manner of that gov-
ernor, and presented to him six belts. The Hrst showed
the cause of their delay, produced, they said, by the arri-
val of the Ottawas in the Seneca canton. It was the com-
mencement of a negotiation set on foot between our west-
ei*n allies and the Iroquois, ou an occasion to be presently
explained. It was agreed to meet in the month of June,
at a [)laco determined ; and Gagniegaton, explaining this
belt, added that *^liings should be done iu this way, when
they wished to treat of peace, without resorting to strangers.
He meant to intimate that the Governor General should
have proceeded in person to Onondaga, or to some other
place agreed upon, there to speak of arrangements, as he
had long previously been requested to do.

The second belt exjjressed the joy folt by the Flemings,
that is to say, the Dutch, settled at Orange, and the Iro-
(|uois, ou the I'eturn of Oureouhare, wliom he styled Head
Chief of the Iroquois nation. This showed thr concert
and harmony existing between the cantons and New York.

By the tliird the Onondaga canton, in tlie name of all
the others, demanded the prom})l vesioration of all tlie
Iroquois who had returned from l''rance, iu (uiler to con-
cert with them measures suited to the situation of affairs.
The ambassador added tliat they had collected at Onon-
daga all the French jn-isoners, who had been scattered in
the other cantons, and that tlicy sliould i>o disposed of
only on the report and by the ailvicc of Oureouhiire.

The fourth and liftli spoke of tlie lavages committed in
the Seneca canton l)y do Denonville. of tii(> treachery at
Catavocouy, the abandonment of that post, and said that
when all the evil liad biu.'n madi^ good, and the roads free
and secure, Teganissorens would go to treat with Onouthio
of peace.

Vol. IV.— 7

Il I

i'n

50

HISTORY 01" NKW Fk.VS'C'K

1690.

Mr. (k-
Frontcna
refuses ti

trive
aiulieiu-e I
tlieir
dcputie-;.

By the sixth, Gfiguief^atou f,'ave notice that, from the
mouth of October previous, an Iroquois party liad been in
the field, but that it was to begin operations only at the
thawing of the snow, and that if thoy made any prisoners
care should be taken to treat them M-ell. " Do the same
with us," he continued, " if you take any of ours. I liad
eight prisoners iu the defeat at La Chine ; ' four I ate, the
rest I spared. You have been more cruel than I, for you
shot twelve Senecas ; you should have spared at least one
or tvo. It was in retaliation for that execution that I ate
four of yours." "

Mr. de Callieres asked him whether Father Milet was
still alive. He replied that he was in perfect health, and
, had started a week before to return to the colony : a state-
ment found to be untrue. The Governor asked him fur-
ther Avhy the Mohawks had come to commit hostilities
against us. The reply was that the Mohegans, having
raised a war ^larty of ninety-six men, had induced some
Mohawks and Oneidas to join them ; that messengers were
sent to recal the Mohawks, but that apparently this step
was taken too late.'

Mr. de Callieres, unable to extract any thing more from
ihese deputies, sent them to the Governor General; but
the Count de Frontenac refused to giv them audience, on
the ground that they had at their head a man whose inso-
lence had otfeuded him. He nevertheless received his
companions well, but troated with them only throirgh the

' At La C'lu'iiayc, accordina; tn De
la PotUerie. iii., p. •!'«. N. Y. Col.
Doc., ix.. p. 4(1(1.

• Pee tliesc belts expliiiiied at
leiifTtli, De la I'otherie. Ilistnire de
rAnieri(|Ue Sept.. iii., Jip.^o-O : X. Y.
Col. Doc, ix., pp. 4(i.j-(l.

' Milet was taken by afletaehineiit
of ;iOO, whose obj^'Ct was the capture
of Frontenac. This party then went
two leaj^ues down, to wait for tlie

140(1 proceeding; to Montreal ; after
iinitiiisr. they went on to Otonniutn.
IbTe two chiefs and ;!() men wen' de-
tached with Milet to Oneida, which
he reached on St Lawrence's day,
ami the main body proceeded to La
Chine. Milet, Relation de sn C:\p-
tivite, pp. 1-'J4.

■* Narrative of Occiir'-ences, N. Y.
Col. Doc., ix.. p. 4(>(1 ; De la Potherie,
Histoire de I'Ainericpie Sept., iii.. 07.

HISTORY OK NKW FRANCE.

51

A

instniiiieutality of Oureoiilian'', who even seemed to bo
acting always in his own name. As soon as the rivers
were navigable, the General told them that they might
return, and Oureouhare handed them eight belts, which he
exi)huned to them in a way to give them to understand
that the Count de Fronteiiac took no part in the act.'

They expressed in substance that he begged the cantons
to wipe away their tears and forget the past ; that he
learned with pleasure of the promise made by the Ottawas
to restore to the Senecas all the prisoners whom they had
taken from them ; that he was still more charmed at the
resolution adopted by his brethren to save the lives of the
French who might fall into their hands, and that Ononthio
had jn'omised him to do the same on his side until he re-
ceived the rei)ly of the five cantons to the propositions which
he had made them ; that so far as he himself personally was
concerned, he thanked them for the desire they had at tirst
expressed to see him once more, but that they seemed to
have soon lost this zeal and aflection, inasmuch as they
had not yet sent a chief for him as he had requested them ;
that he conjured them to do him this honor as soon as pos-
sible, and he was induced to make this request by his desire
to have them witness the good will of their Father Onon-
thio for the whole nation, as well as the good treatment
which he and his nephews received daily. Finally, that it
v\ as by his request that their Father sent with the deputies
one of his liighest officers, to exhort them not to listen to
the Dutch, who had turned their heads ; not to interfere in
any matters between him and those of Orange (Albany)
and Manhatte (New York), and not to take any umbrage at
any thing that he might do to chastise their neighbors for
throwing oft' the yoke of their lawful king, whose intei'ests
the king of France had espoused ; that he wished them to
know that he, Oureouhare, regarded all the French as his

1690.

(liircouliii-
r.''s ri'iily.

' De'.aPotherie, IlistoirederAmt'- Auriouae's belts (pp. 70-73). N. Y.
rique Sopt., iii., p. 70. He esplnins Col. Doc, is., p. 409.

I

"i

62

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

f y

.^^

1 690. brethren ; that he no longer wished to part with his father
'-^~r^~^ Ononthio ; that he would not return to his canton, though
fully at liberty to do so, unless they came for him in the
manner he had stated ; that they might go in all security
to Montreal, and that he felt 23ert'ectly sure that the French
would not disavow his pledge that their confidence should
not be abused.'
WhiU in- The officer who accompanied the Iroquois deputies was
Count de the Chevalier d'Eau, a reduced captain." The Count do
to°!issume Frontenac had deemed it expedient to send him to Onon-
'"tone'!^ " ^''^ii^i to show Special confideuce in that canton, which he
always conciliated ziiore than the rest, as well as to bo
better informed of what was going on. He knew, more-
over, that he could rely on Garakonthie" and Teganisso-
rens, avowed friends of the French : but the capture of
Corlar (Schenecti'dy), the tidings of which had just reached
him, and the return of tho.se who had made that conquest,
of which we shall speak in due season, especially induced
him to assume so lofty a tone with the Iroquois, and he
certainly acted on this occasion with these Indians with a
dexterity and dignity which made them descend considei-
bly from their haughty position.

He was, nevertheless, much troubled by the negotiations
of the Ottawas with the Iroquois, of which Gagniegaton
had spoken to the Chevalier de Callieres. Its object was

•A >

' De la Potherie, Histoire de 1' Ame-
riquo Sept., iii., pp. 70-74. N. Y.
Col. Doc, ix., p. 460.

' De ^Jon8eignftt, Relation de cv
qui s'est passe. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix.,
p. 409. La Hontan (Vcnngcs, i.,
p. 205) pretends that Mr. de Fronte-
nac wished him to go, but that, on his
showing its imiwssibility of effecting
any good and asking liiiu to select
another, Frontenac appointed the
Chevalier Do, who was accompanied
by Colin, an interpreter, and two
young Canadians. As usual, how-

ever, there is no mention elsewlmre
of La Hontan. TIk! envoy, whose
name Charlevcjix gives d'Eau, and
La Hontan Do, wrote his name
d'Aux. Ferland, Cours d'Histoire,
ii., p. 108. For hi.s instructions and
the message of Ourenuae, see N. Y.
Col. Doc, iii., p. 7;fo.

'■■ Brother of Daniel (iarakontliie
(.Milet, Relation, p. '•i'.)), and appar-
ently the one whom Hennepin pro-
fesses to have known. Voyages au
Xord, v., p. Ii42; .Moeur.s des Sau-
Vilgea, p. .")().

^

i?

M

H18T0KY OF NEW FRANCE.

58

induc.i'd
tliciii.

this. We have more than once seen the secret inclination 1690.
of our allies on the north and west to open trade with the ^^
English through the medium of the cantons ; an inclination '■^^^^<'^^^
founded on nothing, however, but interest, the Enghsh ^^,J^'^^'^';i»»i*^_
furnishin'' L'oods at much lower prices than we did. De- mtcncn-

" " .,.,,, tldii of the

nonville, by involving them m the war witli tlie henecas, Fniioii.
had designed chiefly to break oft" this connection, and
render all these nations irreconcileable with the Iroquois,
but it was soon perceived that he had not succeeded.

The lack of vigor displayed by us on that expedition ;
the little fruit derived by us from the slight advantage we
gained in it ; the d(;struction and evacuation of Fort Nia-
}.;ara, the erection of which they had earnestly solicited ;
the frequent irruptions of the Iroquois into the colony ;
and, more than all this, the dishonorable steps taken to
secure peace from that nation ; the insolence long endured
at their hands ; and our inaction, notwithstanding their
recent hostilities, made tie Ottawas resume their former
project of eflecting a reconciliation with a people from
whom they had indeed little to hope but much to fear.

In truth, the wisdom and firmness of the Sieur de la
Durantayo,' who continued in command at Michillimaki-
nac, and the zeal with which he was supported by ihi-.
missionaries, had long prevented this resolution taking
tiffect ; bat they were in constant fear that these Indians
would escape us. Our ill-luck would have it that many of
them happened to be in Montreal at the time of the sack
of La Chine, occurring almost before the very eyes of the
Governor General, and while, against their remonstrance,
he allowed himself to bt; lulled by false appearances of
peace ; for they carried back to their villages a settled

' Olivier Morel dc la Ditrantaye ried in HiTO, ami in his later days,

was a Breton gentleman, bnru at after resigiiins^ his eoinmission, Ije

Notre Dame (\{i (iaure, Xautes. He eanie one oC the Council at (Quebec,

rameout asacaptain intheCarignan Ferland, ii., p. 208, note ; N.Y.Col.

regiment, but his many services Doc, ix., p. 113, &c. Bouchette To-

never lirought promotion. He mar |)og. Description, xsii. sxiv.

1

1

•I

64

HI8T0RY OK NEW FRANCE.

1690. conviction that we were on the point of sinking utterly
"^c^^ beneath the eftbrts of our enemies, as well as a secret joy
to see themselves left by our weakness free to think of
their own interest. To this must be aildetl the unfavora-
ble impression left on many miutls after the treachery
wliicli the Kat, who was the projector, had laid to the
charge of the Marquis de Di''nonville.

The Ottawas even thought themselves authorized to
reveal their design to no Frenchman, supposing tliat no
one should take amiss their adopting measures to avoid
being left exposed alone to the fury of the Iroquois, nor
did they deliberate long on Hu? conduct to be ])ursued by
them in so delicate a conjunctui'e. They began by send-
ing back to the Seneciis all the ])risoners taken from them,
then fixed upon a place of meeting for the montJi iA June
ensuing. This was the negotiation which gave Mr. de
Frontenai' such great and well-founded anxiety, and of
which Gagniegaton had made such a mystcu-y t(j the Gov-
ernor of Montreal.
Exjitioiij. Fortunately, Mr. de hi Duraiitave and the missionaries,

(if Mr. di' In •' ' ' '

Diiriiiiiavr jiyer attentive to the slightest UKJve of these Indians, were

and tlio nils. '^

m(nmiii.'s ii> informed of the scheme, and the matter seemed sufficiently

to this Hint- . *'

ttr. imi)ortant for them io inform the Governor General of all
that they had discovered. Yft this was not easy, as they
were already well into the winter ; but the Commandant
was so fortunate as to tind a man willing to undertake a
journey of four hundred leagues, notwithstanding the rigor
of the season and the difficulty of the roads. This was
the Sieur Joliet, who arrived at Quebec toward the end of
December, 1689.' He handed to the Count de Frouteuac
a letter from Father de Carheil, drawn up, doubtless, by
that missionary in concert with Mr. de la Durantaye,

I

%

' DelaPotherie, Histoiredel'Aiue- under the Jesuits, was apprenticed

rique Sept., iii., p. (10. The Joliet to a cooper, and then embarked in

here mentioned is Zachary, a younger trade. F<'rland, Cours d'Histoire,

brotherof'Louis, tlie discoviTerot'tlie ii, p. li)il. Heliition. KisU-ilO. N. Y.

Missiesippi. Zaciiary, after studying Col. Doe., ix., p. 4(i;5.

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

60

m

wliose frioml he was, and the following,' is tlie portion hoar- ifigo.
mf^, priiit'ipaUy on Joliet's mission : '

" Here we are, reduced at last to tlio conditio.i to wliich Kutinrde
T liave always thought the ho]ie of ))eace would brinf,' us. I later to
have never dceniod it ])ossible, thinking on this matter, nor
do those who know the Ouondagas, the moat crafty of all
the Iroquois. Notwithstanding tlie ditHculty experienced
in keephig up the minds of the Indians till the time fixed
for the Asse' ibly, when they had lost all hopes from the
negotiations for a peace for which they knew the French
were begging, and which they could regard only as a proof
of our weakness, we had hapi)ily succeeded in retaining
them in the \r.ii\i of duty till that term; but, when they
went down to Montreal to the Assembly, they were eye-
witnesses of the triumph of the Iroquois : they saw
tliat tlie magnificent ])romises with which they had been
anmsed resulted in tlu; desolation of our hamlets and the
general consternation of the colony. They concluded that
they had no other alternative tlian to make terms with an
enemy against whom we wei-e no longer in a position to
defend them, and from whose hands they ]\'issio'nately
desired to rescue their brethren.

'■ We had the hajipiness of preventing th(im from cari'ying
out this resolution, and they even yielded to our per.suasion
to continue the war with us ; but instead of carrj'ing on
the war, they resumed negotiations, during M-liich the
Iroquois gained great advantages over them and over us.
At last, our recent disasters made them conclude unani-
mously to send ambassadors, first to the Senecas, then to
the other cantons, with authority to form a perpetual
alliance with the Iroquois nation. The Huron is as deep,
or deeper, in tJiis jilot than the Ottawa ; but, more wily, he
still mananivres, and has not yet spoken as openly or
boldly. When solicited by liis ally to join him, he has
confined himself to saying that he was too young ' to iuter-

t

That i» to 8nv, too fecblr in nuiixliiTt*. C/i'irli-

4*

I' <

!■

I n^

'f

66

HISTORY OF NEW FKANC'K

il
^1

U'l

• 690. fere in an affair of that nature, or to opposo it ; he let his
""y^' brothers, who had more judgment than he, act, and they
coidd answer for tho r'onsequences. A remnant of donht
as to tliu result koe])s them in this reserve.

" As to the Ottawas, what induced their urgency in send-
ing off their ambassadors was fear lest an order might
arrive from you to ])(;rf()rni some act of hostility against
the Iroquois. Tliis must no longer be tlunight of; it is
too late. It should have been done while they were still
at Montreal after the desolation of La Chine ; they even
desired it ; but now that their ambassadors have gone,
you must no longer count on them in the war. They
loaded the Iroquois prisoners with honors as they sent
them back, and we opposed the step, reminding them of
the displeasure it would give their Father Ononthio ; they
answered that they had hitherto placed too nnich reliance
on his protection.

" We had pictured the French to ourselves, they added,'
as warriors ; but experience has taught us that they are
less so than the Iroquois. We are no longer astonished at
their letting so long a time jiass without undertaking any
thing ; a sense of their own weakness withheld them. After
beholding the cowardice with which they allowed them-
selves to be massacred on the island of Montreal, it is
t>vident to us that we uuist no longer expect any aid from
them, their prot(!ction having become not onl}' useless, but
even prejudicial, by the complications into which it has
most unseasonably involved us. Their weakness and lack
of courage were shown in a very evident manner at Tson-
nonthouan, where, surprised at the resistance of the ene-
my, they confined thems<'lves to making war on the grain
and bark," and since that time they have not dared to do

' I liere maki* the OttuwiiH »iii'nk sious. Chnrhmij'. He has, liowcvtr,

directly, to avoid a little confusion to made alterations that would not bo

be found in this part of Father de deemed proper now. Coniiiare text

Carheil's letter; but, with this ex- with Canada Doc. II., v. ,!),', &c.

ception, I have changed scarcely any '' By breaking the bark canoes of

thing in that missionary's expres- the Senecas. Chnrlemix.

•-V^

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

67

any thinp, except hep, peace by all sorts of Imsei ess ; tliey i f>9°-
have not even courage to defend themselves when attacked, ■
and, in spite of every experience sufficient to open their
eyes, they obstinately cling to hopes of settlement, pre-
ferring to suffer the insolence of n haughty enemy rather
tlian return to the battle. Nor has their alliance been leas
injurious to us in commerce than in war ; it has deprived
us of trade with the English, far moio advantageous to us
than traffic with them, and this contrary to all laws of pro-
tection, Avhich consist in maintaining freedom of trade ;
moreover, they throw all the burden of the war on us,
while our pretended protectors, with a conduct full of
dujilicity, seek to shelter themselves by a shameful treaty.
In one word, whoever becomes aware of our present state,
will take us rather for protectors of the French than for a
people protected by them." '

There is no doubt that Ottawas used such language only
at the instigation of the Hurons, and that it was prompted
by the Rat, whom wo have seen so active in defeating all
de Denonville's steps for cii'ectiug peace with the Iroquois.
Information came soon, even, that these very Hurons, who
wished to appear in nothing, were the soul of all this in-
trigue, in which they used the Ottawas, whose natural
dulness prevented their modifying any tlung or measuring
their terms.

Be that as it may, Father de Carheil's letter did not its effect on
displease the Count de Frontenac. It was not difficult to
persuade that general that the evil was great, and he
seized Avith eager readiness any opportiuiity of blaming
what had been done before him. Moreover, he thought he
saw ill pU the untoward accidents the consequences of
abandoning Fort Catarocouy. Yet it is true to say that a
part of the reproaches of the Ottawas fell somewhat on
him, and that his predecessor had thought as well as he,
and before him, that to remedy all this evil, to humble the

Dh C'nrheil to Frontenac, Sept. U, ItiUO, Can. Doc, II., v., pp. 02-104.
Vol,. IV.— 8

'is

68

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

1690. Iroquois, and brin£» all the other tril)es on this continent
"^r-"-' to reason, there was no surer means than to expel the
En^'lish from New York. Yet, it must he avowed, that in
place of that expedition, which tluiy did not enahlo liiiu to
carry out, do Frontonac harassed the En^^lish so vig-
orously on all sides that ho disabused the Indians of the
idea into wliich tlu'V had fallen, that we durst not take the
field before our enemies.

But, before relating,' the manner in which ho succeeded
in tliis, it is best to resume the scHjuel of the adventures of
Mr. de la Sale, news of which was at last received toward
the close o. the year 1()88, at a time when they almo.st
desjiaired of ever hearing of him, and men in France and
in Canada seem "■ to have renounced entirely th * colon-
ization of Louysiana, as Mr. de la Sale called the country
watered by the Micissipi, below ih(^ Illinois river, a
name which it still retains.

;^i

fl

lit

ho
in

to

ip-
he
he

ed
of
rd
xii
lid
»n-
;ry
u

BOOK XIII.

- ,.»

(I

1

^■'*-

1

HISTORY OF NEW FHANf'E.

61

IIOO J< XIII.

TiiKiti; Ih iKj vii'tno that is not umrrod I)}' hoiug dofoct. 16H4-90,
This is the onliuary lot of humiuiity. What crownH our — < —
humiliiitioii is thiit tlie groiitoHt ffiults ofton attund tlio
most ciniiii'iit quulitios, and tluit tho jealousy the hitter
iiiHpiro aUuost always tiiids a sfji't'lous pretext in the for-
mer to cover the baseness and injustice of that passion.
It is for those set to govern men, to give light, so to issue
from this labyrinth, to separate trutli from tho darkness
with whicli passi(5n would dim it, and so well to know
those whom it employs, as to take duo precaution against
their bad qualities, while permitting them to employ those
which are good.

This was tho chief care of do Seignclay in regard to
do la Sale, when it was proposed to accept his services.
Though prejudiced against him by do la Barre's corre-
spondence, he resolved to see him personally ; and, after
several interviews, he concluded that, oven admitting the
truth of part of the charges against him, de la Hale pos-
sessed talents whicii might make him useful to the State,
and he gave him high marks of esteem. Encouraged by
this favorable reception, do la Sale projjosed to tho minis-
ter the design which he had formed of reconnoitring by
sea the mouth of tho Micissipi, in order to open the way
for French vessels, and found a settlement there. His
project was approved, and he received orders to make his
preparations.

In this he spent tho whole winter ; and, when the prep-
arations were completed, de Seiguelay handed him his

Lii Salle's
liriiJLCI prc-

Ptl'Mlcd to

Mr. de

Si'iiiiiiliiv
ami '

illlplOVL'd.

t

't;

V£ 1

62

16S4.

C'Diiimi:*-

sldii i,nv('ii

him.

Ili> oMIIil

liiiiiidiH,

' I

HHjiTORY OK NKVV FRANCE.

L'oiuiiiissi^ii,. It pioviduil tluit all the Fioui'li jiiicl Iiuliiius
who might {,?■ between Fort Baiiit Louis of the Illiuois aud
New Biscay shonltl be subject to his orders, aud that the
counuauelaut of the squadron that was to couvey him from
France to America should carry out all his directions as
to their course, and on his landing give him all the assist-
ance he might I'equire, provided it could in no wise
imp: ril the safety of the king's sliips.'

Four vessels' of different sizes were fitted out at Roche-
fort, and two hundred and eighty persons, including the
crews, embarked. The rest was made up of one hundred
soldiers ; i Canadian family, the head of which was nameu
Talon ; about thirty '■, olunteers, among whom there were
some gentlci'ien ; someyoung women ; and a certain num-
ber of mechanics and laborers;" but it must be admitted
that the selection of all these was far from ca veful. The
soldiers v ere, for the most part, wretclies who were beg-
ging a living; some were deformed, and could not even tiro
a musket. The mechanics were no better ; aud when it
became necessary to employ them, it was found, though
too late, that there was scarcely one who knew his trade.

Among the volunteers were two nephews of Mr. de hi
Sale, Cavelier and Morauget, the former onl}' fourteen
years of age,* and three clergymen of St. Sulpice ; Cavelier,
brother of de la Sale, Chefdevillo, a relative, and Majulle,'
called in some accounts Daimanville.' Foar Recollect
Fathers, Zenobius Mambrt', who had already accompanied
de la S:ilo in his discoveries. Father Maximus Le Clercq,

' The Commission, Ariril 14. 1G8-1
(K Y. Col. Poc, is., \y ii^t), makes
no allusion to the voyage. These
directions are in the Lettre de Ca-
chet. Versailles. Aiiril \-i, 1084.

' Joutel, Journal IIist(jrique, \>\i.
13, 13 ; Cavelieiv Relation du Voy-
age, p. 5 ; Lo Cleroq. Etablissemeut
de la Foi, ii., p. 277.

^ Joutel, Journal Historique, pp.
U, IJ.

^ Le Clercq, Etablissement de la
Foi, ii., i'lt, 378. He is apparently
the John baptist Cavelier, who, with
Mary Magdalene Cavelier, wife ot
John Le Forestier, claimed to be La
Salle's lieirs. Memoire au Roy, 1717
or 1730, MS.

' Anastasius Douuy, in Le Clercq
(ii., 373-;J), Hennepin, Voyage (V. au
Nord, v., p. 303).

' Daiumaville, Jouiol, p, Li.

'».:

I

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

63

"■4

who hn,d spent sonic time in Ciinada,' Fiither Anastasius
Douay,' and Fatlier Dennis Marciuot," wcvo intended, some
to remain in tlie settlement it was i)roposed to found at
the montli of the Micissipi, others to establisli missions
amonti; the Indians : \mi Fn fli ov \ro-..o.-.-.-.<- s^u: • r n,.

1684.

v rv til'st il.-iy . I

liih! asliort'. .I'l ' h
cliido, J.i;i:. 1,^,, ' ,i\ ,'li i
soldier, all upr!_i.t r.ian
have of till'. <Xj
de la Sale. wh<

dear htvid,
had h asi'f.

,!, 1

:1 V.li ^i

hiri. his :

:'•

;.,

- -' /.t ■■-■ ■

.f 1

A

1

•iMlid

Jo eoii-

;..' li<;tn a

'liv one we

ai.-o joiui^'d

!S ll,.

iu:t{ .in.

:r. at ai'iiity and a

> li \VLrr\ .md never

;)ii-' llttir |'i.i.)ii_v

. iU-^ coiii'iiandid

M' J' .i> til utei'

. illU'-. ^ >!

«,.* 1 ■.., V, » .

..tJouf.l. ■>•.'<■

'*' . .»

.■•■

:■. .w\ i-.i !>I, -v .

• iiisii' of Kb lis r .' .

i-'i^--i'

t !

,.

: •■ ' -

- . .i,* r ..s'.^ •■. •,

,.' Ri'follcct . :.'

I rtKi.

"..;

;,

_;'.i,j.. i'.i'

;!!«\ i.i'ilKr) ..

till-!!*! : in Kill.

■ • «l -.1!

Si

.:■

:i. ,

\

very 11!!') Fyi']''

-„ ;.,n

1.!

Ihr

nll^p^: 1 Hilt ill

I'i'iliid I5i-a(lfincK. hJaily

>rissipsip]ii, ])|i. lS4-'J'.;i) ; Ciivulii'i'. Vnyiiii-crs U|) and down tli(> Missis-

Hrlatioii du Voviigi- rntri'pi'is piir >i|ipi, |i. IT8, 11. ; R^'lutions Divcrscs

fi'U M. Robert Cavi'lii'r, Sifur di> in sur la liiitiiillr du Mnliinguele, p. x.

Sallo, Mnnato, 18.58; in Englisli in Sci' nunicl, Vw I'luvi' di' Notre His

Sliea, Early Voyages up nnd down tile t^iire.
Mississippi, AlliHiiy. isr,l, pp. l,"i-|-..>; |,|. CIiti-.i lii.'j;;), I'lillowcd liy

f

•Vj't

:1

A ■•1 ^

'^^"d6^.^y'/'.^

I

/ 1

•

IIISTOHY OF NEW FRANCE.

63

1

who had spent soino tinio in Cjinudu,' Fiithur Anustasins 1684.
Douay," and Fatlicr Duiiiiis Marquet," were iiitendod, some ~— ~v ~-
to rcniaiii in tlie settlement it was proposed to fonn.d at
the mouth of the Micissipi, others to establish missions
among the Indians ; but Father Marquet falling sick tht>
very first day of the voyage, they were obliged to send
him ashore, and he did not accom[)any them. To con-
elude, Joutel, a burgher of Eouen, who had long been a
soldier, an iq^right man, whose account is the only one wo
have of this exjiedition which can be relied on,^ also joined
do la Sale, who, recognizing in hina great ability and a
clear head, made him his lutendant, as it were, and neve v
had reason to regret it.

The four vessels that were to carry this little colony n, pmiuic
were the Joli, a frigate of about forty guns, commanded u,!'l,'!'i'ir.
by Mr. de Beaujeu,' with the Chevalier d'Here" as lieuten-

' Hi' had been five yi'nrs on the
mission, chiefly at the Seven Islands
and Antieosti. Le Ch'rcii, ii., 371-5.
He was from I.ille, in I'landeis.
Hennepin, Voyages, p. '20'i.

■ Father Anastasius Doiiay was a
nativeot'Quesnoy, in Hainault. After
Ids connection witli tlds expedition,
from l(iS4 to Ki^S, he was Vicar ot'
tlie Hecollects at Canibr.ay in Ifi'.lT,
and returned to Louisiana with Iljer-
villein KiOO. VoyiiKeof Iberville.MS,

■■ Le Clercq gives the nanu^ " Denis
Morguet " (ib., p. 'i"t] ; Hennepin,
Movquet (Voyages an Nord, v., 1203).

' See ante, vol. i., pp. 87-8, lor »
notice of Joutel. The.othor accounts
are those of Father Anastasius Don-
ay, the Recollect ; Le ('leic(|, vol. ii.,
J)]!. 3<)l)-:!77 : in English in Shen.
Discovery and Esiiloration of the
Mississi])pi, \>\i. 1 84-33!) : Cavelier,
Relation du Voyage entrejiris jmr
fen M. Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la
Salic, Manatp, 18,')S ; in English in
Shea, Earlj- Voyages up and down the
Mississip]ii, .Mliaiiy, 18(11. pp. t.-|_|3 ;

Hennepin's account is a made-up
atliiir, of no authority ; that of Anas-
tasius Douay seems entitled tocredit ;
that of Cavelier is enfeebled by his
acknowledged concealment, if not
misrepresentation, and his state-
ments generally are attacked by
Joutel (p. ')}. Tonti, in his Memoir,
gives the account as he heard it.

' This Norman otHcer is .said to be
the Count de Hoaujeu, who, at the
liattle of La Hogue, coiiimnnded the
St. lioiiis. the llagshi)) of the Admi-
ral, Marshal Count do Tourville.
lleniii'iiin, who professes to have
known him, extols his valor, expe-
riince, and services. Voy. an Nord,
v.. p. 301. He S(>eins to have been
grand uncle to Daniel Ijienard de
Heaiijeu. connminder of the French
troops I hal defi-nti'd Hraddock. Early
Voyages up and down the Missis-
siiipi, p. 178. 11. ; Relations Diverses
sur In Uataille du Malanguele, p. x.
See Daniel. Cne Page de Notre Flis-
t'lire.

Le t len-.| I ii

followed liv

04

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

1684. ant, and tho Siour du Haniol ' as onsigii. Anotlior frigate

— 1 ' of six guns, the Bello,' liad been given by the king to de

la Sale, who confided the command to two bai'k captains."
The Aimable, 300-ton store-ship belonging to Massiot, a
liof helle nievchaut, and commanded by the Sieur Aigron,
carried all de la Sale's merchandise ; while a ketch of 30
ton^ v;as loaded with ammunition and goods intended for
St. Domingo.^

This little squadron left Rochelle, July 2-4, 1G84,' in com-
pany with the West India and Canada fleet, which was to
bo subject to Mr. de Bcaujeu's orders till they sighted
the Spanish coast ;" but they had not got more than fifty
leagues fi'om port, when, in the finest weather imaginable,
the Joli's bowsprit suddenly snapped.' There was no
little argument about this accident, and as there were
already some seeds of disagreement between do Beaujeu
and de la Sale, some imagined tho thing concerted. The
question was, whether to go to Portugal or to put back to
la Eochello, and the last opinion prevailed. Tho three
other vessels followed the Joli, and tho sqiiadron was not
able to sail before the 1st of August.'

On tho IGth they were in sight of Madeira, and de Beau-
jeu proposed to de la Sale to anchor there, in order to take
in water and provisions. Mr. de la Sale replied that they
had only been out a fortnight, and consequently should
need neither water nor provisions ; that they could not put

They sail

' ^i

lleniH'pin (p. 204), says Chevalier
d'Aire, now king's captain, and son
of the Uean of the Pavlianicnt of
Mctz.

' Of Brouape. lie Clercq. ii., 277.

'' Le Clereq, ii., 277.

■' Joutel (.lournal Ilistorique. p. 11).
mnitres d(? barque.

■' Joutel (.Journal Ilistorique. p. 14)
Bays th(^ ketch was chartired for St.
nomingo, but had on board MO tons
of munitions and stores for La Salle.
Le Clercq (Etablissement di' la Foi,

ii., p. 277)give.s this ketch the nanio
of St. Frani;oi.s.

^ .loiitel, p. 14 ; Hennepin, p. 205.

' To ( 'ape Finisterre. .loutel, p. 14.

' .loutel, .Journal Historique, p. 14 ;
1,(> Clercii, fCtablissement de la Foi,
ii,, p. 27(1 ; Cavelier, Relation, p. 0.

■■ Joutel, Journal Historique, 1.1-1(>.
Hennepin (p. 20.-)) says. August .5.
Tlipy ]iut J)ack to Chef-de-bois, liO
Clerc(i, ii., p. 270. Cavelier, in his
memoir, gives the 12th as the day
of sailing.

I

IIISTOIIY OF NRW FRANCE.

(15

in at Matloira -witliout losing' a week uselessly ; tli.it their 1684.
enterprise required all sccrooy, especially as reganlcil the — ~^' '
Spaniards, wlio could not fail to take imil)ra<,'o if they
became aware of it, but from whom it could uot be cou-
coaled if they showed themselves at an island so near the
Canaries, which belonged to the Spanish monarch ; in a
word, tliat it was not his Majesty's intention, as no ono
could Ije better aware than himself.'

This reply greatly displeased de Beaujen, and set the (Juami of
crew against Jlr. de la Sale. A Huguenot passenger ':in(r(k"i'it"
named Paget,' at tliis time spoke quite violently to Mr. de
la Sale, who asked tJio commandant whether it was by his
orders that a man of that stamp thus lost all respect f(jr
him. Mr. do Beaujeu coldly replied " No," and took no
steps to have any apology made for the insult. La Sale
smothered his resentment ; yet there was not a so;il aboard
but began to augur ill of an expedition in which th(! com-
manders seemed to have such ojijjosite views and interests."

It was still worse when they reached St. Domingo ; de la
Sale bore orders from the Minister to Mr. de Cussi, who
commanded for the king on that island,* and these orders
concerned his enterprise. Mr. de Cussi's ordinary resi-
dence was at Port de Paix, on the north shore of the
island, and the natural course was to procee I to that
point. This Mr. de Beaujeu did uot find .suitable, and
proceeded tj anchor at Petit Goavo, on the wejjt shore,
which he reached on tJie 27th of September." Ho there
learned that the Governor was at Port de Paix, with the

' Joutcl (Journal IIistori(]U(', p. 1(5)
Sftys they caino in sight of Madeira
on tlio ','Otli.

' Burgher of La Rochclle, Joutcl
MS.

^ Joutel, Journal Ilistoriciuo, pp.
17-18.

•* Joutel, p. 2.1, snya Governor of
la Tortuo or Tortugas.

' Joutel (Journal Ilistorique, pp.
18-24) and Le Clercq (Etahlifsc-
VoT.. IV.— 9.

mcnt, ii., p. 279) mention the
disi)er8ion of tlie flee', Sept. 14tli.
The Joli reaehed I'etit (iouve firsts
followed by tlio AiniaMe iind Uelle.
'I'lie St. Frnnrois jiut in at Port de
Paix and was captured hy twe Span-
ish periaguas while oil her way to
.join the squadron. Se •, too, t'avelier
(Uehuion du Voyage ; . (J, and ile-
nioire an lioy, Ms.)

•1 1

\

■ ,

' 1

I

ct;

if'>^4

Vosscl los*

Mr. do

BiMnicu'g
luiilt.

IIISTUUV Ul-' NENV IHANCL.

Clicvalicv (Ic Saint liaurciit,' the liciitiMiant-.^'ciiLial, and
Mr. Le^'oii, iiitciidaat of tla^ Fi't'uch "West Iiulies, who all,
by virtuo of a spi'cial coipiaission from tlio \\'\n<^, had pro-
cooded to Saint Doiuiii<^o to aid Mr. do (."ussi in vcj^'ulating
the police, giving,' duo form to the adniinislration of justice,
and remedying' sovcral disorders which wove ruining tho
commerce of that rising col ly.

Mr. de la Sale wrote, em i'ii' . lo Governor to como
ami visit him, as lie had nia:^,- ;•>!'• . 'o communicate for

the king's service, and he eoui

ibly leave his ves-

sels to wait u])ou the Cfovernor. Not • ■ Mr. de Cussi,
but tho Chevalier de .Saint Laurent and Mr. Bi'gcm also,
■were comi)laisant enough to proceed to Petit Goave, where
they found Mr. de la Sale very sick. Disappointment
contributed not a little to his illness, for he had some day.s
before learned that his ketch had been captured oil' tho
shores of St. Domingo by two Spanish periaguas, an acci-
dent that might have been avoided had they put in at
Port de Paix, and which tended to widen tho breach be-
tween him and de Beaujeu."

It was not indet^d easy to see what induced that com-
mander to persist, as he did, in a matter that should aj)-
parently have lieen indifVerent to him ; but these gentle-
men appeared bent on nothing scarcely but thwarting each
other. A royal oiUcer always finds it galling to be oliliged
to receive orders, on his own deck, from a private indi-
vidual, without rank ; but if de ]5eanjeii was not disposed
to do what was expected of him in the matter, why did ho
accept the command ou that condition?' Ou his side, de

' .Maii|uis. .louti'l, i).2l. )-lii|i, tin.' .loly, on «hicli you will

' Joult'l, Joui'iiiil lli>t()rii|iii',i). 27; oiiibiirU, I order liim to coiiirnund in

Lc Clcrcc], Ktiiblihsi'iiieiit du hi Foi, all tlmt i-cfriirds tlic working of tho

ii., p. 2^0; Cuvi'licr, Journal ilu slii|) iliiriiii;' tin' voya,i,'0, and to exe-

Vovagi'.p. fl. Mi'moirt', lTlT-20, Ms, ciitu what yon shall direct as to the

Hennepin, Voyau'L'. ]). 2IIII. ooiir.se to lie pursued, and moreover

•"•Tile Lettre de Cachet m Mr. do to give you, when you have landed,

h:\ Salle, Versailles, April 12, Uisl, every service you <leiiiand of him

wa.s as fi. Hows :'' llavinj,- chosen the except what may he aguiust thi^

Sieur do Beaujeu to command my enfoty of the said Rhip."

I

HISTollV OF M;\V KitANC

C7

!:•

la Siilo (lid not sniliciciitly upprcoialr wliat tliis ooiulilion i(>^4:

iimst liavo cost a coniiiiaiKlant, and I'ailcd to modify it li_y '"'''■"' "^

his iiiaiincr; he sliowcd no contidonco in dc IJcanjcn, and

met all the i>ro|iosals of that olliecr bv saying: " It is not

tho kinj,''H intention." This was not tin^ m(>ans to interest

in his entevpriso a man whoso oo-oi)eration was essential

to its success ; ncconlinj,dy, when ^Iv. Cavelicr, seein^j; his

brotlier dangerously ill, retiuested do Ui auj( u (o havo tho

kindness to take care of his allairs, lu; jcceivrd no reply

but tliat ho knew nothing about ilu)ii, and that they

seemed to him in so wretched a state that it would do him

no honor to intei fere.'

De la Sale recovered at last, and as, after some conver- Tinyiiniv.'

ill >i^'iii (ii
sations with the Governor of St. Domingo and tho two i'i"n<iii.

commissaries, who cordially agreed to all that was re()uired
of them,' nothing detained him at I'etit Cio.ave, he left it
on the 2i")th of Xovenilscr,' more at variance than ever with
Mr. de ]5canj(!U. On the I'Jth of December the s(|uadfon
doublctl Cape San Antonio, the western point of the island
of Cuba, and entered Hk; Clulf of ^Mexico ; but, on the 11th,
a violent head-wind forced them to ]iut back to that cajie,
where they anchored till the IStli.' On the tiStli they dis-
covered the Floiida shore, and, fioni what had been pos-
itively stated to de la Sale, namely, that the currents in
the flulf of Mexico set eastward, he had no doulit that tho
mouth of th(! Micissipi was still far to the W( stward, an
error which h'd to all his misfortunes.''

He accordingly turned westward, but advanced slowly,
as from time to time he a])proached the shore, and coasted

' Tlioro wasniurli sickncsi-'. Tliroo
or Ibiii' ilieil on the Joly, (uio <m tliL^
Belle ; there were sixty t-iok, of
whom seven or eight died at St.

p. 7; I[( luii'iiin, A'oyai;e, p. JOT-
^ .luiittl, Jdunial instiiii(|ue, jip.
:')-7 ; Le Clerc(|, ii., p. JS'J,

.loe.tel, .lourniil Ilistoriijue, jip.

Domin-o. Five or sis deserted :!ll--|(l. C.Mii.aiv I... Clrre.!, Ktablisse-
*'"''■''• iiK'Ht, ii., p. 'JS;), wlio says tliey en-

tered the jrull' January Isf, and >aw

• Joiitel, .lotirnal Ili.storiipie, ]>,

28; Le Clereci, Etaldissenieiit de la land in fll'teen days, and Cuvelier,
Foi, 1). 281. Voyau'-e, ]>. 8, whosays they saw land

• C'avolipr, lUdation du Voyage, .lanuaiy 0, ITiB")

u

63

uisTouv OK m:\v fuanck.

'■■ V'i

t ;

\' 'i

1685. iiloiiL;- in sight of liuul, to oxamino whctlior \w could not

^■^r-~^ discover wliat he was scckin''. On tlio lOlli of .Tanuarv,
Ml-, ill' la "^ . ,

Sale i''*"^'"* llJS.}, tlio H([iiadron was, ai-cordin*,' to snosccincnt ro'ijcc-

tllc lUOlltll ' -mr- • • • 1 , 1 1

III till' turos, (jiiito nonr tlio mouth of tho Mioissipi ; Init do lu
wi'iiwiiii Sale, couvinc'cd that he was off tho Apalachos, passod on
'""'it '" without sending a boat ashoro.' A fow days after, from
souio idea that tho Indians gave him, ho wished to sail
baek to that place ; but do Beaujeu refused to show him
this complaisance, although bound to do so by virtue of
tho king's orders.' They became more embittered on both
sides, and do la Sale, after unseasonable obstinacy on
])Oints far less important than this, yielded more unseason-
ably still, Avhou ho should havo exerted tho authority
vested in liim.

Xliey accordingly held on tho sanjo route to tho west,

and the scpiadron in a few days reached St, Bernard's

"stX-'r'^' Bay, but without knowing it.' This bay is a hundred

ni\nrs Hay leun-aes west of the mouth of tho Micissii)i. Hero they

kiinwiiiir cast anchor, and the boats were sent to explore. They

wUcri; lie 13. , . ■ 1 i . ,1

perceived a very fine river, with a bar at the cutranco,
where there were not more than ten or twelve feet of
water,* After considerable coming and going, to endeavor
to make out where they Avero, and several councils, in

' La Salle's Ix-tter, yUmh, 1085
(Thunmssy, (li'olnLcU" l'rati(iuc do
la l.miisiiine. p. '~Mt), Bays thai tlio
ontnuico st'on January (itli, was tho
iiiiiiii clmnnol, and ln' supposed wlu'U
writing that lumthiT branch enter-
ed the Iwy vlieiv lie was. lie was
afraidof the winds If he attempted
to sail back to that channel, and ask-
ed Beaujeu to cxiunine it on his way
baok. Joutel thinks that they wero
off tho Mississippi on the (ith (Jour-
nal Hist., p. -14); and Cavelier,
in his Memoire, says January 5-(i,
" We found a jrroat openinsj which
Beemjd to be 4 or r> leagues between
two points. It was the same latitude
ns l.a Snlle found descending the

river Colbert. A stron;; current and
muddy water like that of the Col-
bert. Mi. dc La Salle always
thought that it was the Colbert. lie
did not enter for fear of missing
Ueanjeu. Do 1' Isle (Voy. au Nord,
iv., p. .'ill.')) thinks La Sallo passed it
intentionally.

' Joutel, p. Gl, Lettre do Cachet.

' Joutel, .lournal Ilistorique, p.
03 ; Le Clercq, ii., p. 28.") ; Cavelier,
Relation, pp. 8, !), says February 4th.
The bay is called by them St. Louis •
it was the Espiritu Santo of the
Spaniards. La Salle's fort was on
Matagorda bay.

■• Joutel, p. 70 ; Lo Clercq, ii., p.
286.

I

f

.f!

IllSTOUV OF NKW FHANCK.

which uothiii;^' Wiis iif^'i'ccil to, it hciiif,' ciion^'Ii thiit oiio of
tho two {('iiilui's g;iv(i iiri opinion I'ur the otiuT to oppose it,
do la SaU), who liioiip,'lit hiiiisulf not far from tho Mit'i.s.si[»i
nntl to wlioni do Uoaujeii'H proseuco could only bo au
impediment, resolved to laud nil his force at that spot.

The resolution adopted, ho sent orders, on tho '20th of
February, to tho commander of tho store-ship to luiload
tho heaviest articles aud bring hor into tho rivor.' Ho nt
tho samo tium ordore(l tho commander of tho Bello to
embark on the storc-shij), as ho did not trust her com-
mander, either bi'causo ho had his suspicions of tho man
or deemed him incapable of executing tho required ma-
ua'uvre ; but that commander refused to receive tho captain
of tho Bolle.' On thl.-i refusal, de la Sale wished to super-
intend it ill person ; but La Sabloniere, a lieutenant of
infantry, and rivi! or six other I'renchmeu, having been
carried ofl'by tho Indians while walking in tho woods, lo
niado all hasto to deliver them.'

Ho was not yet far from tho beach, when, on casting his
eyes in that direction, he perceived his store-ship manieu-
vring so as to dash on tho shoals, and his evil star, says
Joutol, in his Relation, prevented his retracing his steps
to prevent this misfortune. He kept on toward tho village
to which his men had been taken, aud on reaching it ho
heard a cannon tired. This he had no dmibt was to an-
nounce that his store-ship had struck, aud his conjcctuvo
proved only too true. It was regarded as certain among
all who witnessed tho accident, that it was tho result of
premeditated design on tho part of Sieur Aigron, who
commanded the vessel,'

CO

1685.

Ill' lose*
Ills storc-

' Joutol, Journal Ilistorique, p.
73 ; Lo Clercq, Etiiblisseinont do la
Foi, p. 280 ; and Cavoliur, Relation
du Voyape, p. 9, eay tho order was
to wait for a iiilot.

' Joutel (Journal Ilistorique, p.
72) says the Pilot of La Belle.

' Tho party were cuttinfj down a
tree to make a canoe. Joutel, pp.
73-.5.

* There can ho little doubt of
Aigron's guilt, the channel having
been staked out (Joutel, i)p. 71-9),
and tho rcfut^al to take a pilot show-
ing his intent. F. Anastiif-ius says
that in spite of tho call of the mail
in the top to keeji the lufT, ho ran
her ashore. Lo ("lercci, ii., p. 280 ;
Joutel, p. 79 ; Hennepin, p, 209.

7(»

IIISTOIIY (II" MAV I'llANCK.

'*'i

1685. This loss, profit fts it wns in itself, Imd Htill more iIIm-

''^' "" trcssili;^' results. Tin' iiliiiiiiiiii!''iii, ilii|ilriiicIitH, t<n)ls, hikI,

(niiiniiini- in KfiuMal, all iiccilcil for ii lunv Ht'tlli'MiL'ut, wuro iu tlio

"""M'wii. ' storc-sliip. Do ill Sale, wIkjso anxiety to rcsciK! Iiin men

hail exceeih'il his rare to prevent ti ih'eaih'il misfortune,

on oll'ectinj^ his first (h'sif,'n, liastencd to tiui spot uliero

tlie slii|) liail ^.iine asluiie, iitnl found all inaetivd. Jfo

lie^^'ed ?rrr. lie I'lanjeii to lend him his lon^'-hoat ami

yawl, and olttainin^' them without dillimilty, iu'^^'au to save

the erew ; he then turned his attention to tho Miwder and

Hour; then to tlie wine and hi'audy ; and about thirty

barrels were taken ashori'.'

Tfad the store-ship's boat been able to assist tho .Toll's,
almost all mi^^ht havo been discharf^cd ; but it was inten-
tionally lost," and ni,L,'ht eominj,' on, they Inid to defer eom-
pletin;,' thi^ uidadin;^' till daylight; some hours after, tho
wind from seaward .sprin,L;in^' up, and the Avaves rising', tho
stori'-shi[) was ilriven on the roeks, whieh laid her open ;
(pnuitities of goods were swept thronf,'h tho breaeh,
and tossed lo and fi'o by the waves. This was not seen
till daybreak ; then thirty nimr barrels of wino and brandy,
with some barrels of flour, salt meat, and vej,'e tallies, wero
saved ; all tho r(>st Avas lost. '

To erown their, misfortunes, they bejj;au to find them-
selves surrounded by Indians,' who, in spite of all jirecau-
tions to ])i('vent their talin,L; advanta;^'o of the ondjarrass-
iiif,' ]H)sitiuu of the Freneh, carried otl' several articles
saved from tho wreck. This was not even perceived till
these sava,!,'(>s had retired with their booty. Th(>v had

' Joiurl, .IiMiniiil lli>iniii|iii', i'. Cidiioliijrico, p. 294) snys that tlji'

80. loll WHS on till! triTitory of tliu
'It wii-i rut liiiisc (II- (Icstroyi'il the (iui'lmilnilicflifs iiiul UaliaiiioH. I'n-

first iiiulit. Jouti'l, .loun.iil, ]). SI. tlur Amistiiniiis Doimy (Lo C'lerci],

^Joiitcl, ■Idiiiiiul IlistDiiiiiir, ]!. ii.. p. oiin iiii'iitioiis till' Unliiiniim

81. Willi till' yiiimna ns lioslil.!. Mi.rli
* Tlicsr Iiidiiui!-' wiTc npiiiirciitly doc'.s not f;ive tlirni in his list of

the Hriii'iiiiios iCiivi'IiiM', Kclntioii, Texas trihcs, but nppni' ii(!v in-
p. I'Ji, iii-i-li:iiis lh<- s-anic lis ihi' He- clud.-s ihi-iii anioiii: the faranca-
biihiimo.'jol' Joutcl. Bairia (^Knsayo guuccf.

I

i

IIISTOliY (»l' MAV hHANCK.

71

loft scvi'iiil ciUiorH oil till' .slidrc, iiikI tlicso wci'c hci/cd : ii, j^^,, .
pitty riprisiil, soon to cost fur iii(,ii' tli.iu tlicy wci'i' woitl', ^..--^-^^
'I'lir lihli.iiis vctiiriiiii^' to icc'oviT till ic caiKK's, ciinc liy
lii;^'!il on lliDsii wlio li;ul .scizoil tln'in, iiiul I'lihlin;^' tlicui
aslct'|), killed two voliiiitcci's, imini'd Orry iind DisIo^ts,
wlioin Mr. do In Sale; f^'icittly iv^^'ivttL'd, wounded ^loniu-
get and oil" other, but failed to recover tlio ciuioos.'

So many niisliaps coniin;,' in elose sucueHsioii disln ait-
cned most of tlumn who had joined the expedition, and
anion;.; others ]Mr. di; Daiinnavilh^ and the eii;,'ineor Sieiir
Minct, who resolved to return to l-'ranee, iiid. 'd in no
small de^'re(> I'y the lan^'ua.ne of l,a Sali^'s enemies, who
were eonstantly (h'cryin;^' his eonduet, and Irealin^' his
pnijeet as a rash and foolhardy enterprise. '

Ah for La Sale he never dis[ilayed ^'renter resolution
and lirmness : ho l)uilt a stoi'e-house, and throw a ^;()od
inti'eiiehmeiit around il ; tin n, havin;.;' taken it into his
head that the river which he had entered mij^ht bo ono
of tin; branches of the Micissipi, he prepared to as-
cend it.

.Vt tli(^ same time learnin.n that IMr. de neaujen was ;Mr. ilc
ready to sail back to France, de la Sale asked jiim to iiini> ii>
deliver to him the* cannon and lialls, on board his \-essel, iii-iiii^cnu-
which had Ikv'u shi|)]ied for his use. Jjeanjeii re|ilied that winl-i d ■ hi
all this was in the bottom of jiis hold, and that he would
havt' to change all the stowa^'e of his ship to ;j,ct them
out ; that this operation would consume more time Ihau
was left him to avoid the usual l)ad weather of the season
on which they woro entering', and that ho believed do
la Sale too reasonable a man to expose him to perish.
Yet he will know that de la Sale had on shore only I'l^ht

I 'I'lir party led l)y (hi ItmucI, .". Oiis ami IJcslogPs wiTi' killed,

Bi'uiijfii's liiiitrimut, went to ■' • (iiiycn and MoraMfjii't womuli'd.

Indian hut and carried oil' sonic lii .loiitcl, .Iiuirii. Ilistoriijnr, |>p. s-J-uii ;

&c'., and tlu'ii took the canoes, wliic:. l.e ('|crci|, lOtalilisseineiit ilc la l\),

tlii'v could not iiiana^'c lor want of ii., j). 'Jss.

]iaddles. Tired ont, they landeii lor ■' l>'aiiianville wrote- n joiirna'.

the nijiht and tlieir Kcnlinel lalliiiji I'eLislea Cassinl, Voyaj^vs ailNord.,

nsleej) they v.-ere surprised, March iv., [i, ;i(m.

S;dr

■It

)« :^;

Tl

1685.

I,!l Sale

builds two

lortB.

\'{-\

lilS'lOllY OF NEW KliAXCK.

small fiokl-piocos, and not a single cannon-ball, and more-
over men could not sec liow lie had so iiiconveiiiontly
stowed away articles intended for de la Sale's settlement.'

He gave a still more marked proof of his ill-will. The
treachery of the captain of the store-ship was established ;
de Beaujeu to shield him from any proseciitiou by do la
^ale, received him on his ship Avith all the crew of that
craft, and this against his ex2)ress pledge to de la Sale to
embark no one without his consent. La Sale's only
resource was to write to the Minister to lay his complaints
before him, a step which alleviated in no respect the sad
position in which ho was placed.^

The Joli having set sail about the middle of March,' the
colonists at once went to work on a fort. As soon as some
progress was made, la Sale appointed Joutcl to complete
it, conferred the command on him, and left him about
one huudicd and twenty persons. He himself with the
rest amounting at most to fifty men, among whom were
Mr. CaveHer, his brother, Mr. Chefileviile, two llecollect
Fathers, and several volunteers, embarked on the river,
determined to ascend it as far as possible, j-et he soon
changed his mind.*

As the Indians came prowling every night around the
new fort, Joutel, whom he had cautioned against allow-
ing them to approach too near, tired several guns to drive

3*
f

4

■I

' Jouti'l, .Tiiiiniiil Ilistoriiiue, p. (i:!.
Tli( 111 assy ((.iriilogii^ I'l'iitiiiiio lie la
Louisiiiui!), p. 'M, cif's part ot the
letter sent back hy de la Salle to
Seii^nelay. It is dated '' March -1,
l(ib5, at till' v.-csteni UKiuth of the
river Colhert." It describes the bay
nt Ieiii,^th.

-Joutel, Journal Ilistorique, p. i)4.

^ Joiitol, who had lost his luemo-
randa, does not profess to be certain,
but thinks lienujeu sailed March
4, KiSo. C'avi'lier ,L;ives the same
date (HehUioa du Voyajre, p. !)), Init

Father Anastasius Douay (Le {.'lerc<i,
ii., p. :,'!J)I; Ileimepin, ^11), says, 12th,
as does the i'rocus Verbal.

^ In five canoes. Joutel, p. !)5. On
March i^. i'rocr 8 Verbal. C'avelier
describes the fort as havinj,' 14
cannon, with cpiite convenient little
houses and store-houses, delation,
p. 11. lie calls it Fort do Ht.
Louis, i>. VI. Cavelier says nothin;,'
of tills excursion of la Salle, in his
lielallonilu Voyage. Father Anag-
tusius (he C'lerci, ii., p. •,>!iO ; HiMine-
pin, p. lill) makes Momuget com-

iii?<T()UV or M'y.v I'Ua.ncio.

78

t!n 111 oil'. l)f Li Silk', mIk) Avas not vit vciy I'ar, not kimw-
iiigwliat il was, rcstnriu'd vithsix orsuwu incu, luit I'oiiiul
tivory tliiii;; in a satisfactory state.'

Ho told Joutid that ho hail ah'cady diseoverod a clianii-
iii;;' fouuti'y, t'lat ho iiitoiidoil to throw up a second fort
at the place Avherc he had left liis nun, and (li.it lie liad
oven ordered them, when lie left, t(-) jirepare all necessary
materials, lie then stavti'd back to his party, and the
first tlani^ liiat he learnijd on ri aeliiiiL!,' his camp, was,
that several of his workmen had sullered their t(jols to l)e
carrietl oJf by the Indians." lie f^ave them others ; init
tiiesL^ fellows lacked something else besides tools ; ihey ilid
not know liow to handle them, and thi; work advanced
very sit)wly.''

Early in Jane, the Sieur do Tilleperdry reached the lirst
fort with an order adiiressed to Mcu'anget, itirecting him

16S5.

to join di,' la (Sale with
tliii ty, w]

all the rest of his men, excq^t

io)n lie was to leave with Joutel and the S'eur le
Gros, storekeeper, to .L;iiard it. This was at once carriinl
out.'' FishiuL;- and huutiii;^- ke[)t this hrst fort in jiieiity,"
and the commandant maintained peace and onlw liy milvl
means ; lint this did not prevent two scoundr.;is from coa-
bpiring agaiuh. him and the siorekce[ier, a very woriiiy
man.'

miiiiil (lie fort. The Pimc's VciIhiI, - .Jniii,.l,,)(jurii;il ilisldH^iur, p. 'JT.
both .iDUtd uiul .Nioriingi't. Th<! Ih' nd'i!^, \t. !»S, that i^iii-lv in Ajiril,
two Kc'colk-ct lathers wlio wi'iuwure 1*13'), -i, Spmiisii vessel was seen

Zeii'ili'tus Meiubiv acid Maxiiiiiis
Ije('lerei|. La Sal h' at I he same time
eidered the frigate to enter thi' liay.
I^ anohore.l at the iiidiitli of Hi-
viri-d ties Vai.-lios, still calU'd I.avaca.
J^e Clercq, p. ^1)1; Cavelier, p. 11.
The point was called Point llurier,
a small cnmp being formed heri^ un-
der Sieur Hurler. Le (.'lereq, ii., p.
2ill. llennei.iiii errs in making the
frigate eater long before. Vovage, [1.

' Joiitel, .Journal Histiu-icjue, p. !)0.
Joutel had Vit) persons iu his fort.
Vol.. IV, —10.

a, piiii nlly looking lor them, tjoon
aft r, A|iril-,'.:3d,ilirSieiirle(.iroMwas
biiteii l>y a rattlesnake.

■' Proc.''S Verbal.

' .Joutel, Journal llistoriipie, p
10:j.

' 'I'liey laid in iisli and sail for
iuture U:.(. .Joutel, Jip. Us, 101, lOo.

'■ J'.ulel.p. 1(1.",. Father Aimslasiu.-!
is less detaile.i. ib^ makes .Moran-
get's eamp and liuriiw-'s lnvak-ui'
iu Aijril imnudiateiy after Kaster.
Le (."leu

li h]

74

Ulr^TlHiV OK .NKW KliANCK.

i6H5. 'i'liciv (losien -was to stab liotli, tlicn take from tlicstorc-

^""""^''"■"^ houso w]ia(i)\'('i' hiliiti'd tlieir faiifv, and desiTt. A diiy

Ctinspirncy '^^''^^ tixed fov tlio accoin])lisliuuMit of this iiffarious dosif^u ;

'.u'l'iuoi ^'^^^ '^^^^ "^' ^^^'^ couspiratoi's liavin;^' rovoalcd it to Davaiilt,

a luiutev, tlio latt(>r at onco waiJied Joutel, who seized the

iiintiucers aud imt them in irons.'

On the llth of Jnly ho received a second order, dircct-
in,H him to jo'iu de la Sale Avith all his force. He obeyed,
and on rt acliin.u; that eonunander's camp, delivered up to
liini his two prisoners, with ju'oofs of their plot.
S'ui nn-i- 1'his information, clearly exposing tho injudicious char-
tioM of iiic actor of las selection of settlers, greatly depressed la Sale.
For his part, Joutel was greatly surprised to see so little
done on the fort. Nothing was yet covered but a little,
square, stone building, containing tho powder and some
barrels of brandy. They had planted and sowed, Imt all
had failed for want of rain, or had been rooted up l)y w ild
beasts." Several good men, among them the Sieur de Yille-
p(>rdty were dead ; the sick increased in number daily : in a
wcu'd, nothing was more deplorable than do la Sale's posi-
tion. He was worn down with disippointiuout ; but ho
dissembled M-ell. "With that tirmness of mind which was
his loading characteristic, but often degenerated into a
stubborn harshness, lu; had in tho highest degree tho
talent of resource, and his ingenuity made him find in
himself what lacked iu otiiers. As soon as ho saw his
whole forces assembled, he began in earnest to luiild and
fortify, ilo became tho architect of his own fort," and as
he was always tho first to put his hand to work, each one,
iu emulation, did his best.

' Jouti;!, Journal, I'li. lOt-5.

"■' This was aliout the luuMU' i.i'
July. Hi' put r.ll on board tliu Hi-'ilr,
iinil trioil to iiiiike a raft of tlu'

(^tori's and slept ; tlio next day he

reached La Salli,' in eanoes. Joutel,
Journal llistoriijue, |ip. lO.j-S.

^ Proces Verbal, Ms. Iliii , nnip

timber he had dresifed, but linally was a league from the wood, and

buried it, and luarcdied aloui: the hi-i carpenter.-^ iuc cuupeteut. llav-

Bea shore to an Indian villa;,'e, when' in-,' no Iiovsls. they h.id to drag t'le

they passed the ni>(lit, then to timber liy hand, .Icuild, p, lOll.
llurier's (yimp, where h" put all hif

IIISTOUV OF Ni:\V FUAMi;

75

It was only nopcssarv to oiicoura^f!

LTOo-l-will ; lint if'f:

la Sale could not control his temper. At the very tinio "— -i-^-^
wliou his men M-ere wpciit with toil, aiul he could scarcely i^hShIo'sca.--
givo theui the absolute necessaries of lif(>, he could not viHiy' ana
command himselt' so far as in the least to relax his "^ '''""■"•
severity, or an intlexiljlo mood, never seasonable, and
least of all in a new settlement. The slightest fault ho
punished with a kind of cruelty, and there seldo)n escaped
from his lips any word of encouragement or consolation
for those who sull'ercd most patiently, llv conse([uentIv
had the nuirtiticatiou of seeing almost all his liien siiii;
into a languor, caused rather by tlu'ir des])air than by
overwork or lack of good food, and which carried oli'
many.'

The most annoying thing was that through the impru-
dence of some of the French, the natives of the country
declared against them, and it was iin]iossible to regain
their friendship. It seems, indeed, that no stejis were
taken to do so.

These Indians who were called Clamcoets,' arc cruel, Tiic Tiuli-
treat-herons, of a perverse mind> mocking disposition, by ih'i! I'n'i'iH:.
nature ralliors, mimicking for sport all they sec done, and "'or'ii,','""
so skillfully concealing all these defects under a gay and '-''■'""■"^■"'
ojieu exterior, that they are never ijoro to be feared than
when they display th(i greatest frieudshii). '^^^("J li'T^vo
intoxicating hquors, and an; nuu'h addicted io drunken-
ness. One of their strongest li(pu)rs is made from a kind
of bean, ^^l!ich they chew, and then stec]) in water. They

liy Aiifrust, thirty wiTr dciiil.in- Spiini

illltliovf

('jiranoa'runi'CH.

cluililli^ tilt' lll'illl llll'liClltrr. Till sr

wnv I'lilliiwrcl liy Lr tint-. Car-
MiHtiiT, and 'I'hiliault, i.f Kuiicu.
.ioutrl.iip. ll--> :;. Tliil'r.Kv.sWrl.al,

Mfirli. Mriuiiiias [laia la lli>tiii-ia ilo
la I'l'iivincia ilr Texas, l.ili. iv., ]i,
51. In linnuil'ti T(>]>n!riaii:n(al
L)c'.-;ci'i|itiiiu of Texas, .\iislin, l?-'(),

(iatwl St. Louis, Ai«-ll, IS, lOSCi, siiys p. 1:;7, the Canuicalaias an- nicn-

iiioiv than halt' (lli'd Ijci'on' the i nd lioued asstill on I-a llaca li»\ , l.iit

ot' July.irjiecially th" t^ailors, Irmii reduced lo 100 ^old: . They dn n^it

fating Iruit, iVe, api^ear in Stem's^ list, l!?.")l. Sc'ajoh

■■' These Clanieeets are called in ciai'i. iii., p. 0:l').

I u

76

1!IST(K!V OK .\i:\V FUANCR

16S5.

( liiirac-lor

.'f 111.'
cciliiiirv.

l)(>ii('vo tliiit it ii;;>l',('s tlicir liiiilis sn])i)i(', ami sv/iftor in
I'unniiij','. Tlif'v drink it to siicli an ox('(>ss tliat tliov i ft'^u
ouly swallow uiid vomit. Tlioy make aiiotlirv i'roiu tlio
leaves of Koiiio uiiliiowii tree, whieli tlicy l)oil, then brew
as we do ciiocoLitc, and whieh loams eoiisiilcvr.nly. They
driidc it very linl, and use it especially to vel'ri';]i them-
selves after a kmc; march.

j'hi'ir eustoiiis hear very little resemblance to those of
other Indians whom we know of in North America; but
the. most s!n;.;nlar thin,!j,' is their way of expressin,L( ali'e.-tion ;
sometimes they merely blow into the ear of those whom
they wish to salute ; at other times they beo'iu by rubljin.i'
the chest and arms with their hand, then do the same to tin;
person whom they wish to honor or caress. The men
^■o almost entirely naked, the wome'i are covered only
from the v.aist to the knees. I5oth have a fearful expres-
sion, betoke:iing a ferocity wliich their conduct does not
belie.'

These savages inhabit a very fiuo country, and adapted
for almost all tlio most useful productions of nature. The
climate is healtliy and temper.al. , the air jiure, tiie sky
serene. The catih^ mentioned elsewhere, and commonly
caUed Illinois cattle, are very connnon there, as well as
sta,u;s and deer. Lions and ti,^ers are seen there, but
bears and wolves still more jilentifnlly. The Indian,; !. aie
these last, by takiii,;;- them 4iiite small, and trainu).:; :;:-.'in ', >
hunt like do,';s, unless indeed the auliua' of the liiehin!.
M'hieh I follow, has not taken for w;)ivi;s, do,Li;>:, sucii as th'
Canada tribes use, and which have, as I myself remarke 1,
si : ni^ht cars and a lon^' muzzle, like wolves."

:'4

1 As til tiu'.-c IiKlians, Hce .loutcl. (..iid ti;r.'iv«. La liiirpc (.Idunial His

ji. ^4, -Mnrli (.Meniorias, .Ms.). !>! i-
11 sn, I'.! I'cR'fxi'iiin Sciitintrioiiul A;-
lanti'. unlbrtuimtc'ly c',,!! s not givi
any dc-criptioii iit' tlii' In 'inns.

'-' Joutcl, p. 1','S. and ra,iu;r Anas-
tar ivi- (L''('li.'r('<j,ii.. ]<\i. oTl, &c.), arc

t ;i'ii|iir. ■[). -M'l) s]ii ak» (if li'Uin, ai\il
dcsi'i'ilji's tlit'iu a I'ciltlish iuiiinal ni'
till' six. 1.1' a Korsi'. .As to tlic use
i)f -wdlvcs in liuntin.i;', ("iiarlcvoix
si'L'nis tn liavi' r.'ail hastily, J(mtfl,p.
o"i4. Sei' '.'harlrvdix (Frcncii), vol.

»< [o br irs ami wolves, lions iii.. (i, 110

UlSmilV ()'>■ NKW vl'ANCi:.

r?

Small c,'nmo swavins in llio conntry, nml tlio river--; are iC-
wi-U stocked with lisli. They would apiiari'iitly lie still ^-^•'
luoro so, -were tlioy not lull of alli.^ators. The prairies are
alive with rattlesnakes.' Oii all :-iili s you can pei'eeivo
only quit(! level ])lahis extending- out of si^lil, imt aeree-
alily intersected l>y rivers, lakes, and small woods, wliicli
form a charuiiiii;; landsca'^e. Tho lields produce a number
of herbs, to wliicli p;reat virtues are ascribed ; it is oerlaiji,
at least, that tlie Indians use, tlanu freely, witlumt bein.i;'
subject to any important malady.

'.rho most commoji trees in tho woods arc chestnut;;,
walnuts, n'ulberri( s, palm-trees of many kinds, and several
others unknown in Europe. They all grow exceedingly
tall. There are several trees which bear excellent fruit.
Tlie vines with vdiich all tlu- woods are studded bear white
and red grapes. ISesides the ordinary walnuts, there arc
others larger and very good.' Tilbcrts, mulberries,
and banana tigs, iiro found everywhere. Among th(> fruit.;
peculiar to the country, there is au egg-shaped mw. that
ovows on a thorny hush, and is very refreshing. The
Spaniards call it Tsounos, and arc very fond of it.'

I'llention is also made wi a root, very common in tins
district of llorida, and which some have supjiosed to bo
(■iiiger. The Indians pretend that it makes the hair
grow, and, under this conviction, rub the head with it
after chewing' it.' It seldom rains in that country, yet the
soil is verv fe:tile. Xor is salt wanting, the sun forming
it on the sea-shore and the banks of sonii! lakes, so that
it can bo had with little trouble; beyond that of gather-
ing it.'

' •T<nitol lioro mentions tlio ITnrni'cl fruit of tlio oinintia vuliraris, oi-

Fnw, 111). l'.3S_l:iO. pvickly-pcnv.

- .jouti'l mentions ncithev cln-t- ' .imiii'l nn-l F. AniUitn-iiir arc si-
nut nor nmliierry u.M'- i:!---'i ; lent u< to this plant,
tliouirh r. Aniis!a-ius mentions t)ie ■' .loiitrl, p, 100; Cavetier, lii'Ia-
liitter. The largi' nut is the peean. tion. p. 15. 'I'hc most rcniaiUahir

3 .Icmteh p. Kt,'. Perhaps tlic Salt lalu> i-; in Hi(la!'_'o couti'y.

^ t'

78

UISTOUY OF NEW FKANCK.

1^ '^;

'"^5' A litllc i'uillicr iiilaiid tlicic ;!'•(> sovcral otlicv trilM'S

who livt' aliiiost iu llio Hamo inaniiL')' as tlio Clainooct^ :
that is to say, who liavo no fixed abodes, and do iiotli-
iiit;' scai'ccly but Iniut and Jlsli, cncanniin^' wlicrcvcr ni,L,dit
ovevtakes tlimi ; but tbc l''rcnfli liad no intc'vcoiirso
■\\"itli tluMu, and Joutcl nn'ivly f^'hvs us tlio nanios, witli
wbicli I dei'ni it useless to (Micunibcr tliis liistory.'

About a ]:un(bvd Ica.L^ucs t'artlici' nortl!, you eomo to
the Ceiiis or Assenis, wlio seem inucdi iiioro huinano ;
they avo more sedentary, cultivate the ^'round, plant In-
dian c'(U'n, beans, squashes, water-melons, and other sim-
ilar ve^^'etables. They also ])lant tobacco, and raise
liorses in great numbers, generally using tlunn to bring
homo the fruits of their hunts."'

These Indians make war quite dillerently from all tlio
other FloricL'i- triljes. They are all mounted, equij-ped
with bufValo-sLiu (lui'crs, full of arrows, slung across
the ba>-'k. They carry a bow, and a small pad of Imll'alo
iiido on the left arm, to ward otf arrows. They have
no bit to their horses' bridles, except a hair cord. Their
stirrups, whieh are sustained by a cord in the amo
wav, a.i'e attaclied to i doeskin folded over twice, and

• Ho names, p. ISO. npimri'iitly bc-
frinniii},' ut Fort St. Limit:, ih,. Spi-
clH't'ts, Kiilayi's, Tln'uiiiu'iiis, 'I'lu-
aui'i'iiu-ts. Kiiilioliii, Cliaiinii'iirs,
K()Uiiii>, Arlinu, iMiciiiului'. Alion-
crlMii'ilu iiii, Koii!iilui!n'. Koiiko-
lu', OiiK'aossi', Kcrciiu'ii, Alu'lujcn,
Mivliny, 'I'cfaiin'ncz, UU'iiinarhi'iii,
Kuiiayau, ilcracimman, on iIk^
voiilc to thi.i {.'cnis, and to tlir •vest
anil noftliwcsit ol' the Malifrne riv-

tlii

KnnneliDUan, Tolialic, l'(

liir, ('(lyalii'^'iix, Onnpien, Picliar,
'I'lilian. Ivia^.si's, Clianens, 'JVcra,
Uiicretti's, T.-epi'linen, Feirontilm,
I'lmcjco. I'etao, Petal',. I'et/ai'is, I'ei-
.■<; rill), I'eihoum. ami Orcainpiim, ai'-
(iiiilinj,^ to till' orthi'LTiapliy of Jon-
tel's nuum^i-iipt. .Imiirl wrote

tliiri aiuoiij; the Teao, where ho
heai'il nf till! Ayano and Canoliatin-
110 wlio 1 U'luleredtlieSpanianls. It
i.s iinpo^siMi now to iiulenlity them
trilies. Anions tho.se enumerated
by Father Morti. lew 1)ear any re-
t<eniblance. 'J'lie Konkone may bo
the Coco;; who weie near lirazoH.
The Thecamons and 'J'eeameiie/,
may be thi> Tacames amoiiu- whom
the .Mi.-:sioii of I'lirissinia Conceii-
cioii of Aeuna wa.-; t'ounui'd in 1 ; Hi.
La Harpe's li.st of tribes nrar the
Ceni.<, Journal Historiipie, p. .'us,
only increases the confusion.

■-' loutel. Journal llii^loriiju.', jip.
2M-5, ^'V'tl. *'T : fonipnre La llarpe,
Jonrnal, p. '.^13 ; and i'enieaut. cli.
xiv., Ms.

<i 'U\

lllSTOliV Ol' NK\N I'lt.vNCi':.

7'J

serving as a siiddlo ; tlicso stirrnpM avo siiinll strips of "^^j.
Mood tlireo iuflies wide, and livo 1()1i,l;. Thi'y uro lino "^-"^
liorsomeii.'

It' their prisoucrs can escii[)o, and eiitor ouo of tliuir
c'a!)ius, thoy cannot 1)0 put to deatli, uud ovcu beuouio
free, and nicni!)(a's of tlio nation. Tlio.so wlio arc not
fortunate enough to osc'ai)o aro put to d^'ath in tlio
following manner : They raise a IVauie siniilar to that
used by the Illinois and other Louisiana tribes described
elsewhere, with this dilVurcnce, that it is about nine
feet liigh, and the prisoner is fastened to tho u[>per
cross-piece by the wrists, and to the lower one l)y the
ankles, with well-tightened eords, which thus sujiport liini
in (he air. The}' remain in this posture half an hour in
th(! morning, turned towards the rising sun, and as long
in tlie evening, turned towards it setting.

The first day they are not subjected to any other
torture ; but they receive nothing to eat : ami all the
time that they aro uidjonnd, they are forced to dance.
The second day tlioy aro tied up before sunrise, and im-
mediately the whole village assembles around tho frame,
men and women. Each family lights its lire, and heats
a dish of water. As soon as the sun rises, four old
men M-ith knives cut gashes in the arms, legs, and
thighs of the suil'erer, and catch in dishes the blood that
Hows from his v>(niuds. They tiien carry this blood
to other (jld men, who boil it in kettles juid give it to
the women and children to drink. Tho author of the
manuscript, from whici' I draw these details, does not
say Avhether these poor creatures are bi;rnt, or allowed
to expin^ in the frame ; but ho adds that when they are
dead, they are stretched on a table, cut in pieces, and
these pieces distributed to tho whole assembly ; that every
family cooks its share ; that till it is cooked, all danct',
after which thev eat it.'

' I't'iiicaut, Ht'latiou ou Aiiualo uicaut/liulrttionoii AiiiiiileVrntulilo.

Veritable, cli., xiv. ^ 5. cli. xiv, ;; .T, wlioiv ho duijcriljHti liis

■' This iiu\ttor is tukoii from Pr- own vi.iit to thi.' CViiiH. It in no' in

4 ^^

80

lllSTUUi V[!' M;\\ I'li.ANi 1;.

Tlic! CV'iiis liiivo US iiL'i,L,'lib()r.s tlio Ayt'iniis,' witli wlioiu
llicy live ill hiiriiiouy, iuul who arc iVwcr in miinln'i',
all!i(ii!';li tilt' Ci'iiis tliciiiselvos, iicconliii;,' to Joutul, Imvo
not over ii tliniisaiul iiicu ulilu to licai" ui'iiis. Tlio L.vo
iiiilioiiH ni>i)aiviitly at lirsl constituted but oiu', tlicir
laiii,'uaj.';t', tlu'ir customs, and tlicir toms of mind In.'ini,' al-
most identical. Tlu'ii" cabins aro <jiiitc i'ar apart, each
family liavin-- ils iidd aioiuid its own. Tlicsc cabins
aro round, and Joulil comp.ii'cs tliciii to b.i;-liivcs or
coclr 1 luiy. There iiro lar^e cabins, not used as hal)-
itations, but only for assemblies of Ihe iu!0|i|i', either for
amusement or tlie Iransactiou of puhlic all'airs.

Those used as re lidences are also Ljeiieially very lar.L; '.
Some aro wixty fi'el in diameter, and contain fifteen or
twenty households, havin;^ nothing in common but the iire,
Avhieli is in tlu? middle of the e ibin, and is never aUowed
to J4-0 out. To iuiiid one of th(!se, cabins, they plant in a
circle trees as tiiick as a man's thij^h, in such a manner
that they touch on top ; they are then connected by
crosy-jneces to hold ihe grass ■with Avhicli the cabin is
thatched. Th.' furnituvo of theso Indians consists of a
few very well-dressed bulValo or deer sldiis and somo
liuely-worked iaats, and well-made eardienwaro. Thcso
they use to cook their moat, sagamity, and vogetables.

.Iciitfl, pp. 212-337, Futlicf Alias-
tiiniiis, liO CliTCq. ii., p., IWll, II ir in
CtVcIicr, lichition du Vnvnuc, pp.
;!J, iMc. Kiiilicr Morli iuclii.l.'s un-
der the 11:, uu' of Tt'xns (wlilch lie
I'XpUiins iis 'I'cxiii, " t'riunils") the
'I'l XiUs AKiimis, Niivoilaehiis, Kult-
codiiche.a, Niiroirdo •hes. Niidi)COi;B,
Ahijites, ('()diif,'diicli. .;, and Nas-
soniti. These Texui', in 1T(!1, were
governed by Snunte Adivia ((ireat
I-iidy), a chiel'tainess with tour luis-
hniidr. Penieaii* [itati's (juitu dear-
ly tliat tile ] risoner was Med to
deaih (ill tlh' iinme,

' lilviih'iitly a nii.-ipriut for As-
Sony, mentioned liy Jouti^l, .lour-
nal lIi.;tori(|Ue, p. 213. Tliey met
n man oi' this trilio who showed
them a printed Spanisli dociimunt
(.loutel, p.212; l.e (Mercq, ii.,p. ;!.>1) j
but thip, ])rol)alily I'rom State mo-
tives, is not hen- mentioned by
Charlevoix. Cavelier aNo men-
tions, p. 1:J, fitidiiiir nmonL,' a tribe
next to the Bruoaiuos a column
with the Spanish arms. The Asso-
nis are evidently the tri'ii- else-
wiierc called Nrssonis. Le Clerc(],
ii,, p. 'i'''>.

!

mSTORY Ol" NF.W Fi!AN(T., 81

The}- have also biiskets iiiadi! nl" ('iiiie.-i, in wliii'ii lliov '^^S'
keel, their Iruilrf and other provLsioiis. Tlieir beds, raised ""■ '
three feet I'roin tlio j;r(muil, are made of a iVauie-worlc
of canuiS, neatly arranged with mats and skins dressed
with the hair on. Both tlieso serve as mattresses and
OTVerlcts. The beds are also separateil by mats huii^'
as curtains.'

When the season is come for tilling the i^'round,
scnuetimcs a hundred persons assemble, men and wouicn
apiirt. Thus they laliur till they have cultivated a eer-
/ain portion of f,'round, the owner of which then re.^ales
the laborers, and the rest of tho day is spent in dances
.and diversions. The next day they bej,'iu again, and
this lasts till all the lieUls are tUled. Tho labor is not,
liowever, toilsome : they content themselves Mith turning
over tho surface of the ground with a large stick, split'
at the end, inserted in another stick that serves as
,a handle: for tlieso tril)(>s have no iron implements. When
all tiie lields are tiuis i)n'[>ared, the nuju withdraw: sow-
ing the seed, as wi'U as all the indoor-work, beiug left
solely to the women.

These Indians, both men and women, are well-formed,
and their features arc not miturally disagreealjle ; Imt
they prick and [)aint themselves like the Canada tribes.
This they fondly regard as a beauty, although it disilg-
ures them greatly in tho eyes of Europeans. They are
not l.etter dressed than the Clamcoets, except when the
north wind blows : for then they cover themselves with
bultalo-rob«;s or well-dressed deer-skins ; but they never
ha^e any thing on their heads. Their manners are
not very ilill'erent from those of the Louisi.uia tribi;s.
The womea are not very ditlieult to S(;duc(j ; bat if sur-

-TCCJ,

' .Tuutol, Jcjuiniil Ilist()ri(iue, pp. madu cloth nf Jkiiv and uf fcatli-

C1T-','11) ; FiuIkt Aaasta.siu.-i, in Ll^ m's,

Clorcii, Elabli>3ciiu'iit do la V»i, ii., ■ 'I'lii^^ sli.iuld Imj " iidiimMJ." .Tou-

p. tl20. Cavoliur, F.clatiiin du VdV- U-\. Jonrnul llisturbiiio, [ip. ^I'J-

aj-u, pp. o'.i-U, luiuii'iuti that iliuy i'M.
Vol.. IV. --11.

82

iiisToia (M' m:w riLwrr:

i'')'^5.

r

i

' f

jiiisud liy their Imsbamls in iuliiltrrv, they I'.'iro bri l(y.
Tlio I(.'ii-l tliiit tan hul'iiU tlicni is i. piiili.ition.

Tlu'V liavi) no d n;[)lij or imy lliiii;r Ji n()lii>,L;' tui or-

ilcirt'il

;ion

Avursliip Yet tin v do not .'-acih devoid of ndi-

or v/iHi

1 tl

■rain is v'un\ tlp'V "•ivthor a cfrt

ur

quantity, uliirli they ]>nt into ;i liaskot, end tlicso liaskol^

arc placed < i) n kind of podc-tal, .si't ai'art c-jH'i'ialiy

for tliis puqio.ic. Tlun an old in;;n, i.vtcndiiiL^' his liandu

over them, roeites (iuilu n, loir^- foi'nmla, beloro lio dis-

Iribulcs the c-nrn among tho v.. »nion. [t is not lawl'id to

eat tlio Jicw corn till a v/cek afti.T tliis cc remony. Thi-

same ceu niony is ol)si'rvcd in some ropasts which arc

inado in common. Tho sa'^'uniity is not handed ai'ovnid

to tlii> gnosis till it is |int in a. ^■ess('l, set also on a stool,

and an old man has recited . ■ nirmuLi ovi-r the viands,

wilh outspread hands. So, too, when ii yi ang man is armed

for the iii'st tinu', and is on tho point of sowing lii^s

ground, his arms and .seed-corn aro similarly coiisecrutedj

as it were.'

Air. flola ■^re.anwliile do l;i Kale .".t last completed his fort, to

i(( scfk till) V, inch lie gav<3 tlio name ol bt. Louis. Ihen, uiialue to

by .sea.' abandon the idea that the Mieissipi enjptied into the liay

where he l;ind<;d, and which he called also St. Louis bay,

lie resolved ti; sail aroniid it iu his frigate, jb^ ( nibarked

in the m.iiith of Octolior lea\ing in his fort thirty-four

' ,Ji)Ut(.'l, i.ji. 'M'l-"JV!"i. li'Miy n lii s. Mddi, .MriMnrius ii:irn

' .Iii\i1il, ;■, I2'!. clooi'ilii'.s this l;i histori'i do In |iMviii('iu ui' '^l■Xil^.

I'cirt as nboii' '.^7 N., two Icr.jrui.a iu- It wcmlil, tlu-n'tViri\ nvm tliiu tln'

laiiil Inim tin; buy, .iml near Uk; 1"1 t «iis uii tlic Sun AiUonio, wliicli

rivrr, (Ml a liiU in lliu inurir.-i, iiiii)tic.s into ^i^•l'i!•itl.I Sieito buy, niul

with tliii l..ay S. uiul W., uml \\i:: not (in the I^nviira, w'.iich (.■inpiiu.s

liver !•". (() N. A lilufV run ulmi!; into .M;.ia>;iir(lu l)uy, n" us-.nnu(ll)y

<lic riviM', nnil l)'-t\v<.'(.'n til..' blu'il iipil Spurlis. l.ili. vi l.a [>uk'. p. l;JI ;

til' Ibrt bill Wiis a .swuinji. 'Hie ?it" l^'inc'-dl't, Hi. t. ol' the V. Stutc!'., iii.,

wus visited by Dun .\nilr. .-i ilc Vr:-. p. l^ii; Vdukiim. History (it Texas,

in I'iSO (li,,!'('i;:, Kn--uyo ('i'i.no|...:i('o, p. I'.i. nlujin we follij-.vi'd on p. ds.

;>. 'Jl).")) ; un 1 on tlu' lllhol' .\]'i :!. 1 i'J .', I'l c l!iM-nuhi"d \. i i i- (p. ', 'r |ih\cc3

a iii'.v oc:.i :'.;■■. il i'"rl, culli .! ^'..lllu I'.n- pn>',;i i of l.ni,;.) ■ ii .Mui;i;;'.nla

Abii-i.i ilo i.or, 111 (!i' la iiuliia lUI i'.iy. w liil,. bo u.infiis Hut llir laiw-

]'.,., iiii:u .'aut'i, wus bu'.it ii"i'i, on ^-iou \vu.: mi tii>- .--un Ajiionio ; bn!,

iIk- t-iio oi' b.i S.iIK'h, by (lie .Sj.uu- iViiin ->lorliV hiui.iaiiii, tli.' ; losiuin

iauis:. \\ ',: : ■ >'ii, __,■.',;;■, tlicy louul .vi,; el. ,u'ly or, ;:>;.iri.i\ S:.!;,.' I .ly.

ni:9T0H\ OF NKW FnANCl'!.

88

■rsoiis wnilcr tin; coiniiiaud <>[ .li)nt( 1, fi.vl)iil(lin" t!i

)(1

OUICC

to

riH'i'i\(

!I1V (>l

tl

Ki.-iO. wliuiii lie IdoI; with liiin,

tmliiss till V liiiiuli-'d ill, a letter in liin liiuulwiil;

[f^

was V. very ^^ood i.)iina;j;or. IIu was
loss do la Halo most ktioulv roKi'ottod.

ouo o

f tl

lOftiO

wh

After tho departure r'

1^,85.6.

'lad roeiMitly Inst the Sii'tir Le Ores, who, having' Ixnii i>il
iiy 11 rattl'.'Siiakc, and iinl kiiowiiifj! tho prcsoiit rtMiudy
'oviiid o\((iTv.li"ro Imi' tniit Mti', liad bciii oMij-'vd to stili-
uiit tl) an au;|.uliilioii ol' thi^ I17;, and died somi iil'tcr tho
opei'ation." Tliis storckiM^por, useful iu ii'aiiy rcspocts,

OSU

L.ato, more linn three

months ckpsoil boforo f ly tidinr;s roacliod (F(irt) St.
Louis. At la-it, towards tho middle of January, Knii, very
'^ail iuti'lii'^onco was brou^dit by tlin Sicur .Duhaiit, whose
Vdun^-cr brotlior, Douiinic!, had r.'Uiainod at IIp.^ fort.
Tho filler, who iiad followed do la S;do, arri', ed v.!ihi>ut
briii;,nii^ fujy Kltcr from him. Ho was ulouo in a (.'aiioe,
;i!id was hoard uno ni'^lit calliD^' his brother. The sonli-
•lel iiotiliod tho commandaut, who at iirsi feared l!i if
.some mi'laiichiily aoi'ident hi^.d h:!pjM.'i:ed ; ho advaiiood
to addi'css Diihaut, a)i 1 after the latter had assured hin;
that lie la Sale A\as iu perfo'-t health, ho aslceil him
whether he had his wiitten pcrmissiou to ri'tuni to the
I'ort. Duliaut replied iu the ne;j,ative ; but he e'avi; so
nj-ipareutly sinren' ini aeeMmd of what nceasIiHicd his
return, that Joutel believed he mi:^ht waive eiifurcin^'j; the
order already uumtioued. He ueeonliiiely ])ermitteu
Duhaut to cuter the fort.' Thi' man's aeeuuut of liis
■adventures was as J'ullov.s: On arriviiif^ iu si,e;jit of his
.1'rigale, do la Sale, he said, sent live of his best men to it
fujoiniug- them to advise the pilot,' from him, to sound the

uiehora''c h) n

boat.

The pihit obeyed, aud^sjient a,

' Jeiiti'l, Journal lii-tiriijuc, IK!, • Ilr ilicd .\ug-, -JIJ, lO^o. Juuti l

III! tluTu clian,-".-* with iiincoimry p. II'J.

till! nwiuiii lit' F. Aii!islasius (l.c ■■ .Foulel, .leiinml Iii«-lnii(iiii'. jip

Clurcq, Ktablisscnii'ut de In l-'ni, 11 . lOtl-l.

p. 2'.li!i as til wliat btur.^s Im Imil. ' 'i'liis piln!, 'I'.'vicr, was in ('(imi

Cavflii'r, lu'laliiui ilii \'(ivaui', ]). in. iiiaiul, the iMi.tuiii having' iIumI nf

savii tlu'y sfi out N')V. 1, Ulbo; Juutfl tiibijam'. Pmci'-.s N'nlju!, ,Ms. Hut

; .;■■< in IX-tuliiT sci' imtf 4, iiugcj b(i

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

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Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

'^Ji>

V^^
V

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84

nrsTORT or new FUANi^n.

I'!

!!■

%

f

•ill

1686. •n-lmlo (lay in tliis duty; ni nij^litfnll, njiparortly, fmdiii;,'

"^ ' "^^ liiiiisclf tir(>il, 111! went aslioro, witli those wlin ln'mi^ht

Scvoini <if liiiii (li,. (inlor, ami Imilt u fire. Tlu'ii (liov fell aslcoi-),

111.' Kr.'iKh . . ' . . •' ' '

iiiiui-iicre I williont takiii'' aiiv precaution against tlio Indians, wlio

si'ciiit,', liy tiic liri', tliat tlioy were Frcnflinicn, cniil

ii|> dnriiij,' tiio !iiL;lit, killi-dtlio sixinen wliilo sound asleep,

• and di'sfroycil their bnat.'

Ji.i Sal(! not seiMn.L,' them return at the tinio appointed,
went liimsclf foi them, ami found the sail remains of
tiieir corpses, whicli wolves or other carnivorous beasts had
almost completely devoured. H<3 especially de])l<>red
his pilot, a skillful man, and soon had still ^i-eater reason
to rej^'ret him. Jfe then made the frij,'ate eome further
up the hay, and sent on board ail tho provisions which he
needed fin* tin; enterprise that he meditateil, and left
in it some of his j^i'ople, whom lie forbade to leave it
without an order from him, or ^'o ashore without an escort.

'I'his do!i(\ he embarked with twenty iniMi in two cmoes
to cross tho bay, and, as soon jis he reached the other
side, h(! sunk his two canoes in the wat(>r, and j/ursued his
joiu'ney by hind. After some d.iys' march, he canu! to
the banks of a tine river, which he called tho 3Iali,i,'ne :
a litth' farther on. Duhaut, havinj.,' loitennl behind tlio
rt>st, 1,'ot lost, and before he knew it, f(mn<l himself in
sit^ht of Fort St. Louis. As there was nothin,!^' improb-
able in his story, Joutel could not refuse to credit it, and
contented himself with a close watch on DrJiaut's move-
ments.

About the middle of the month of March,' de la Sale ar-
rived iit St. Louis in a most wretched j)lij;ht with his brother,
Mr. C.avelier, his nei»hew Moran.u;et, and f;v.> or six m(Mi,
ha\In,n' sent the icst to look for his frigate, as to which In;
felt sonu' anxiety. Althcmgh he Innl not found what he

' Jiiutil, .Icmniil llirtor'M|iii'. jip. •■ .Imiti-l. .Iimrn;i) I!ist(irii|iii>. |i|i.

I'.M-;!; CiivMi". Ilcl.ition. p. :)(). V.':',-i;;i>. T!ii' IVoci'sWtIiuI nayn the

' Diiliiuii's statiiuc'iu in .Tmitcl, p. !2 Itli iif,Marc)i ; C'lvclior. Hiliition dii

VJIl.tiiuki sl,ii S;vll.'wii 1 \v.f lin.ili T, V.iyii^'c, p '.".i, says Miircli ;^0, lOsi! ;

(';ivcrKi', on lio:inl (it'ihr IJuUi; ; liut !•". .\lms!a3iu4^LcCl^.■^Cll,ii.,u'JiiJiaT»

('aVkJicM'MluT.iUiit (.'lualiuri. '>H»l.

HisTouY OF Nr:w riiANci;.

85

Boiil^lit,' lio Roonii'il, on tlic whole, sixtislircl with his cNciir- i''S6.
Rio.i, iiiul said tli.it ho liful Iruvcrsi^d vcrv line distilcts. ~""~<'"~
'I'iiis dill not iiii]irove his alViiii-.-5 um<h, as no one knew
l)rtt<i' than hinisi'lf; but ho felt the iicocssity of not dis-
(.'oiiMi^in^ his men, and he was an a('Ooni|ilislu>d master
oi' the iirt of oloakin^' his disa])i)ointnunt. Tho si;:ht of
Dnhant, whom ho (h^oinoil u deserter, troubled him some-
wli It at lii'st.and 1h> asked Joutel why he had roocivrd him.
ooi trary to ordi^rs. Joutel oxphiinod his reasons, and he
seeiiu'd satistiod.

';"he next day ymn;^ Cavelier, his nephew, and all whom
he had sent to look for the fri,L,ato, returned to the fort,
and told him that tliry could learn nothing of it. This
tlinw him into a ^real perjiloxity, bocauso ho had left on
l)oard his linen, olothos, pap(>rs, and most vahiablc ctVicts.
]\r<roover, his design was to uso this vessel: first, to ascmd
som(M)f the rivers that he had discovered ; tli(>n to dis-
paU'Ii it to tJK: "NVost Indies to ask assistaneo ; or, to em-
bark in person, and reconnoitre all the shore of the (lidf
of !\rexico till he found tlm ^NFieissipi, il hi -honld lose
all hoiH" of enterinj,' that river by one of the streams
emptyiuL,' into the bay.'

lie, howevir, adopted his course with his u-<iial Tirmiiess,
anil, towards the c nd of Apiil, set out on a new expedition.'

' .louti'l, )i. lliT, says " nltlmimli
l;e iinil iii't liiiiiul till' filial rivir,"
T.'t Cnvclirr pi-.'icnilH (Hi'lution dii
Viivii,;,'!-, \t. •,".)! tlint he ilid rcncli
tl,.' M'!>sissi|i|.i, MnrHi, Kith, llisc,
:uiii li'!'i 61)1111.' nun in a t'nrt tlnn'.
iifUT liillinp in witli Konii' Shitw-
iiOL'.*, wlio liail liiliMijicil to thr ]!inly
wilii whidi he ilcwi iiiU'd tli.' Mis
:<i»Ki|iI'i, in KiStJ. Knilicr AnnslnKius
(I.o CliTci), ii.. 11. 'J71I; lli'inu'iiin, \i.
',M7i pays " Tcli. l.iili, Iti^il, lie
tho'ight Im fniinil the rivrr." In
'I'unty'rt Wdik. ii.« t'lbl I ."inU'd, Cave-
lier Baya tlii' Baiiio ( Vnyagi'H au
N'lirJ, v., \\ IVl) ; but Juutul rul'uli.'»

it. .Tiiiininl Ilistorii)iir. ji. .iri. S'M'
Kariy Vnyiifi-i's iiji and down llic
Missi.-iuiii;ii, ]i. 'i'.K

'•' .loiiti 1, .Iimrnal Histnniiiii', \<]<.
lliT S ; ('avt'lii'i'. iiflatiiin ilu Voynf;!',
11. CD : F. Anaslasiiis, in I.i" ('lirc(|.
Klalilissiiiii'iil di' hi Fni. ii., |i. Vl'.is.

" .Iimtfl, ■Iiiiiriial IlisHiiii|Ui', |)
1 to. Cavi-liiT. Iiiliiliiin. p. ".', siiyf
April llitli : liiit Cavi'liiT. in tin'
ToMty in thr V. nil Nurd, v., p. ]">.
and Falhrr .'.naslasius il.r CIitcci.
ii., p. "0;>; Ifiiiui'piii. p. 201 », eay the
2','d. FutliiT Anastiisiiis dii lares hi-
was oni^ 111" till-' party. Joutol. pj)
110-lir, is coulubod.

80

rilSTOItV Ol' NIAV FRAN'Cr,.

1 1
I

J ■ 1 1

1686-90. Sonic days after his dopfirtiiro,' Mr. do Clicfdovillo, tlie
""^^'^~~' ^laiqiiis di' l.'i SaMouiiii ri', and somo nf tin' oilier-',' wli)

Wreck of ],n,| remained on tlu; I'clK , arrivod at St. L )uis in a lioat,
witJi his clotlus, a )iai"t of his ])a])-'>r , liis liiuii, and sonio
provisions. Joutd askod thciii whom liio fii^'ato was,
and tlii'v rcpUod that it IkuI run ashore, and f^ono to
pioc-s. Tlioy rolatcd to liini the circnmstan • 's of this
now niisfortniK>, whioii (h'jjrivcd d'' la Sale of the only
rpsourco on whic'i ho could v^'ly alter si. many disa])-
pointmcuts. Accordin;.: to thorn, it happoiiud iu this
way :

Tho ship boinp; out of water, tho Siour Plantoro-o wont,
with six othors, to ;^'ot a frosli sniiply fro;a tho noan-.t
rivor. As they wori> returning o!i hoard with their I )a 1,
head-wiinls detained tln'm a long time, and, night overt il:iiig
them, thov (MHild not I'eaeh tho vessel. Those on lioard, who
liad witnessed their oil'orts to return, liglitod a tiro to
guide them in tin* darkness;' Imt when tho ih'o wont out
soon after, no one thought of rel.indling it, and neither
the boat nor any one belonging to it ever apjieared.
'I'hey waited for them som^' days, but in vai.i ; at la 4, the
crow of tlu! frigate, ]n'ossed l>y thirst, or.^leavored to get
nearer in to tho settlement, which was only two haguo.s
oil', on the bank of the rivei'; but, th" o\treme wo.ak-
iiess in whioli all had fallen — jierh ips, l,)i), waiil of skill —
prevented their working the sliip in'opialy, and, an advorso
wiud sjiringiiig uj), the vessel w.as driv, ,1 a-iioro on tho
opposite siih^ of tho bay, and stranded.'

.leulvl, ■Iciurn:il I!istiirii|ii('. p.

tiTII.

.avcncr .'^,

t''n sliiii

;io.

Krtili'

.\ii!ista.-i'i

liy il;" l!i!ic'ua'is. Hilntioii, \y II').

'I'll.' !•

V,

•rliiil tri'ii!

|U:I

I'licMcvilli', llic «'ai)tnin, iiinl Inur in Inlsc. niul cliarjios ihiit iho.j.' on
othrr-i. !.(> ('IiTiii. lCl:l! 'is.icmriU tin' lirlli' cill tin" c.iMiS, and WiTi!
c!i' la V»\. ii,, \>- -ll!'. .louiil m!\s cndi'nvDi'ing to jrit to m a, whi'ii slic

(.'lifCilcvillc. tlic
(plhiTf. .Jniiriial

■ iiii'i|Mis, all

1.. :;i.

1 1 r<|

iliT (■ niai'.n'Hi

MVSlT.iS It

Xl'l, 111"

■ ( T.

ilot

■' ,Ii)iiti'1, J.ne'M.-il llisliiriiine, p)). — a sccoii 1 iiiit' 1 I' tln' niiiii.;. appar-
Itl-'J, citiiur Mr. ClirM.'vill.'. '111.' .nily
lire was biiiiply a camlh' in a Ian-

illlnliV or NKW rilANC!:.

«7

Tlu'so poor jiiMj.l-, tliiis wrci'l;.- 1 in ,i (ksjl.-ili- CDiuifry, i''>^^>-0°-
ami (Irstitiilc of lioiits, siiw no means nl' isim[io luit !iy ^""^ ~^'
biiililiiii,' It ral'l t.) cro^; tli.' Lay; \,'.\[ tli 'V Imllt it so
urctclicill;- lliat lln' IVw who risktil iIumumIvi s on it, w. ris
nil ilrowiicd. 'I'll" otliiTs Imilt a sceonl, whicli pi'ov.il
lH-it(n'. On tiiis tlicy put fill they coiilil save of the :ri,-;.itc',
aiu] crcssiil ovrr sat'rly. TIkt then rcinaiiuHl so;neti:ii'>
on ihu short! in -nat |icr|ik'\ity, bee lu^i^ tiiey durst iu>\
Oil iu\Mnnt oi lh(> Imb'aiis, hazaiil inakiii;^' ihi- rest (.!'
Ih,' way !y huid, aud their ral't could not ii-.(ind tlii>
lisir, At last, they foninl a wretched cuiioe, whieli they
repaiiv I as Well as tliey could, and in it reached St.
Lo'si--.'

'J'w'o l!l')nlhs tlicll ]ia ■ .ed willioill th.'ir liein;,' a''!.' to Mutiny icd
learn what had lieconi:' ot' delaI'Mle. .\or was 1 hi.-, pro- l.uuis.'' '
loniM d absence' what nio4 dis.^•u^l, d the conunandant : to
his LMi>'i', he beheld his colony daily diminish; siekne ■•;
carried olf his best men : tlu' Imlia;!.-, lintehei'ed all \\ ho
strayed oil', hnntin,:; ; some desei'ted, and wer.' nu{
ashamed (.> tak(> rel'ii.je amon.i,' the sava,v;es, and conl'i-nn
to their lilV' ; iinally, scmu' be;;an to muiinnr, and from
nnirnnirs diey proceeded to th.' mo.st odioun plots.

The elder Diihau;, wIms.' yoiin.^'iM' br.)tiier had !,'ono
uith:Mr. de !a Sale, ]iut himselt' at tlie head of the mal-
contents, and .Touted learn.'d thai he pretended to nothin;.;
lehsthan niidun;;- himself the li/a I of tlu' band.

Ye!:, to all apjiearance, tilis wr.teh had m)i yet I'dvnu'd
th.; bl.-ick dosi;^'n, which ho subse(piciitly ciirried out.
Tho hciL;ht of wickedness is reached oidy by de;^r,.L.es ;

and ])nhaut had,

IS yei, no iiii.iivo to inniel him tr

(•••mmit a, parricide. Thc^ fact is, that on the threat
made by his commandant to a.i-. -.■ 1
ti) cabal, ho restrained himself

iin) II Iw contiinii-
jnvt.y well, till Mr. d,

la Sd/s return to o:, L luis, in i!i:> inoiiiii ,,i' Au ■iist.
lie ill 'a leaviied the lo^s of liisi i'

ri,,a..' Willi an

i[uaii-

Jm-.A, JnuriMl II.-.: )i;.i!i , 1 p. U.'-l: s • .• Jlviin.'i.ai in V,.y;
-Nvinl, v., p. '.'l-i.

!•

88

iiisiouv or .m:\v I'ltANcK

\l

\\ ' ii

I
i 1

m ■■•

16S6-90. iniity, tl.c nmii' iHlniiniMc', ns In- liad, ('iiriii;^ his voy-
^^^''~'~^ iv^r, iii'l with irniiiU'filtli) Idsscs.'

Mr. .lo i:i ][^. |,;|,1 |M ii«lrat(.'(l to tlic Ciiiis, with winmi ht; IkuI
(iii>i..ii .0 fonui'il an alliaiRM', ainl lie was iiici'ssantly I'xlolliii;^' tho

II.' \,<*r< a

purl 111 lii-

bcailt'

III- I'mIU
mcli.

y and cXialK nee of tlir country whivh lie Iiad
travcrsfd ; Imt ho was no wiser as to what lie soM,:.',ht,
and thcj wliohi inolit of his excursion was reduced to
live horses, loaded with sonio provisions, furni.-<hed hy
liis new aUies. On llie otlu'r iiand, out of twt nty n en
wlioni lie had taken with hiiii, he brought liaek only
einhl. On arrivin;^', he in(|nired wlu'ther youii^ Duhaiit,
I.e C"Iere(|, liurier, and two others, who are not named in
my memoirs, were in tho I'ort, to whii'h he had ;^i\en
tliein leave to ri turn. He was toiil that not one of tliMii
hail maile his appearance. Ho iidiKnl that the Sinir
i>ilioreI had got astray on tho way, and hail not lieeii
seen afterwards; that Dunienil, 0110 of his ser\ants, had
lieen dra,i;;-;ed under tlie water, and devouiel hy a croco-
dile ; and that four others had desi'iled whiK he was
!iiuon,L( tile Ceiiis.''

So many losses ])roduc:d a iiad impression on all
wlio remained at St. .I.,cmis. La Sale did not j;iv(,' Mif-
lleieiit alt( iitioii to this fact, and at oiici' dLlenniiK d
on a third expedition; hut, as the heat was excessixe,
lie deemed it hest to defer it till tho month of Octo-
lier. Tini Cliinicoets kept harassiii^L; him incessantly,
and killed two mole of his men almost before his t'ves.
This continued his already-lorinod resolution to gel

' .Iciiihl, J.r.iiiiiil Ui.-l iriiiui'. |i|p. troiijri'or Wi'i'iMTs, |)as.-iiii; till- Kini-

11T-1.")I. 1". .\n:isiH -ius il.i' ('li'!vi|, ii.iiiiis, till llii'y rcucli.d ilu> ('ini>..

ii.. i>. ;JJ7: Ili-Miniiiii. |>. ',M"i) sav.s lliic l,u Suit' ami .Miiniiij,'rt IMl r-nU,

iic r.-acliiil llii' lull, (JcloliiT 17lli. uiid timr iiii'ti iksi-rii'il. C)ii lii.-;

I'aVfliiT f;ivr,- nil (late. n.-i'i.vi'rv l,a Sale flarlcil hac!;. .\ii

■' .\s III lliis i_'\]irililiiill Wi' have a.-<l;;siifi, ill I,.' Clrl'i'ij, ii., ;;(i;i-:i'.i7.

till' ail' units 111' KalliiT AlUl^tll^■ius, Sparks ( Lilo nl l.a Salic, \. l'>'.i}

mill 111 .'ill-. I'avi ili-r. 'I'licy inaifli- lliiiilw- In- n-,-^il tin' ( 'uliirailo,

eil N. 1'... |ia.->iim' liiiliaii> i viilnillv Dia/.os, aini 'J'liiiiiv, aii'l i'.':irliril a

ill iiiiiTriiiii'.--' Willi S; a Ilia Ills, rios^ iininl iii'artlu' lii'ail\vali'rs..l iln Sa-

iiiu' llu' liiilu k, Maliiiiii', ami lliriis liin', lK';uci.'a ihi.- Triiiiiv a:u| lii il

riviTs; lliiii "iriirk K. lollii' Hi.-ka- livirs.

IIISIOU^ til' NKW lUANt K

89

aw.'tv ti')iii iliiisi' suviit'i's.

'^'f'H \v;is to fiiili'.ivor to

1^x7-90.

rcacli llic llliiiitis, iiiiil lie was 1(11 llic |ii)iiil of lit;,'iiiiiiii,'^
liis iiiaicli, wlicii Ih- was .iKackrd l.y a viol'Mit hernia,
wliicli tiltli^ctl liiiii to ilclVr liis <l('|tartiii'i'.

mill I, HJL'Ui^' liiiii III

llii>

^tat(

il ti> iiialvr (lio

j(;nnii_\ witli lil'lccii im n, Imt his (MI'it was noi atx'i'iitcil.
FiR Sale tiiM hiiu tliat iii^- ini'sciu'c was lll•(•t•^sal;v at tlio
llliiiiii'-, and that licwishiMl Ihcin'i' to dispali'li his liroth-i',
{'avclicr, to France. 'I'oward the end <il' Diceiuliei' lie was
relieved Iroiii Ills iiialadv, and nmdi; serious |)re|iaralions
for liis .naivli. lit; wished Joiitel to aeioiii|ia:iv iiiiii on
this trip, and in his stead a|ii>oiiited tiie Sieiii' Daihier to
coniinand at St. JA)iiis. Siiicu his rotmn Injin tiie Ceiiis,
he had I'ortilied tiiis |iosl i|uite well, and he llattered him-
self that he had put it bevoi.d reach of insult I'ruin the
Jiidians, Jle left as 'iiiicli provisions as was re(|uired foi'
all who wci'e to remain there : that is to say, lor twenty
[iersun->, iii.'ludiiij;' seven wonu'n, or ^,'irls, the iteeolhet
i\uh«!rs 3Iixiiuiis and Ziuiohius, .Mr. de C'heldeville, lliu
Maniuis de la Salilonniere, and a surgeon.'

After j^iviii.L;- his iinal orders, he lieu^aii his march .Jaiiii- n
ary 12tli, llJoT, with sixteen men, iui-ludin;^ his lnother,
Mr. C'aveli ■!■, his nephews, Mor.iiii^et and the youii;;»;r
Cavelier, Father Auastusius, Joiiti'l, i^idiaut, Larehevcipie,
de Marie; .1 (ieiinaii from Willeiilierg, naiiied Hicns — an
old liuccaneer, eiij^a^t'd at Petit (ioave ; l^iotoi, a siirj,'eon ;
the pilot Tessier, yoiui;,^ 'I'aloii, Sa.i^et, .Mr. de la Sale's

• ~.I- nlll

lor 111.'
IIUiioIm.

' lliciviUi', i 1 a niitutn an cxlnK-t d.c ('lirci|. ii,, p. :;:;| 1 iiii'utlniis any

tViiiii 'I'nloii's Inti'rTouaiidiis, m^vs iiiniilirr. Jnlni Dai'ii.-i 'i'lilnn -hvk,

lluc (iiil'iicl Minimi', er I!:iiliic'i'. in lii> iiiti'ii'.'j.i'iinns, iwiniy 1 r

was i«!' :\Iontn'al. an.l llna In' kiirw iwriily live.

liim. Harliiir imiirit'il, ai lln- I'urt, Sonii' call iniii .i.'iiini.. an.l sav

u t;ii'l \i'li() iiail ninic nwr witli llir 1h' was an j'ji^'i.-sli Miiili.'i'; Ina tlic y

(•i.liiny iViim !•' 'anci', ami acliilil waM ai'f n|'[;arc'nily nii>tal^i'n. i//i'ri>-

lidrn of till' ni i(in. rn .r. 'fliis i-» wlatfil in tlir Inter

• .Iipuii'j, ,lo irnal ll:>,(ii'ii|iu", pp. rnjralit.n-i iaili'> Ti I'lcrrn c! .ban

l.M-7. <'one|ila ns iliai oilnTs nnnle 'I'aldn, .'^I'pl. I I. lliiis. Ms. Ilfnnrpin

tlic nniHlicr 11 iirli lai,i''i'r. .Nriilicr think:. IIu.ms, nr Hicns, a nii.'iiaUi-'

Cavfiicr 1 pp. .'i-'t-l!) noi- 1'". .\ntt.stasiu.'< for Hans. " .John."
Vui,. IV— 1','

i

w

lll-loij\ Ml- N'i:\\ I'l! WCK

if)S7-yo,

I \

lackey, (iipl II ;,'(Miil liiilinii Innilcr. Tin no ii;iiiich lui' nil
.vi^^l^ 11'^ iIh \ u'll :'i. ijii. iitiv nci-iir in (lie siiniij. '!'■>
h|i.Mr t lie li'a\( li r-. .|i'

Im S;||,. I(.;,.1. il Ihr li \ r li

tliat

111' lliul I'i'illlvllt ll 'I file ( 'cllis W it'l lllr '.•iratil' pari i>r

til'' lifiLt^'a'jf ami (irnvi^ioii.s.

Alllioii^'h IJK'ir ctiiivsc lay Hikmiu'Ii h very Uiif cniiiitw,
tli'V Hi vcrtlii'Icss snirmd (•niisicjcvalily, cspt'cially by
icjKi'ii i)t' llic rains, whifli liaii caii-'MJ most dI' tin' riv< is
I" iA( rlliiw tin ir I'anl.s. Imlii iis were lV('i|iic!'tly riicnnn-
t. I'l li : ik; la Sale cniiciliatiil llain all liy liis Uiinl niaiiiicr;
\m\ tills dill not tlirov,- liiiii oil liis j^imnl, or lU'i'Viiil liis
< iicaiii|'iii.u V. illi till' ;^n alr>l ]irrcaiill')ii. As tln< dillicnl's
<it I'inssiiiu' til" livfTN iiiciiasi I— soiiK' lli;'.t tlicy caiin' Id
lii'im^ vci'y u iiif, ami w itiio'.il lu'ds — lU'ccssity su^^i-ti ■!
till' iii\i'iitii)ii I)' a raiiui', wiiiiii 'vas cariaeil on poli's. mul
jnovi'il liit,lily iisi I'l;!.

As tiny advaiuiil iiiln llii> coiiiitiy, tliey l'i>nii<l it iiioi'o
tliiilJy |i(Mi|>l(d, and \> Li ii .1 ily Idity Icaj^'iiosfrom the Ci'iiis
I hey Irariicil that tlicKWasa i''ii nrlimaii innoiij^'tlic fmlidlis.
On till' ITtli of .May.' ^I(iraii,e( 1, \\hil<' out liunliii-, liav-

' Imt, 1 I'lv. Ill' c i\!,-, l-;r , lai .'v Iv, ll.' j'iiv> ■'! tin- t^!iiiii->. l!io

• ■i_%- iItv vv -.■ 1 ; in 'll'. •'• Mi:.'. uii (,!,.• ilvii-. i!,.' (.^iiiiin mrl

I].. I'm-Si (■;i\ li>T siivi-- ti.. It'.; Aniirliiin inn liiiliaii''. iiml Itiil.i'C

•mil ' 'lit l.;i Siipr 111, I, 'J- III.'!, livr. '111! 'linn crii.-sini,' tin' Suli

I lli'lli' ''111, I'. ;■"! I ( Mtl ■•?■ Al'ii'-'iiilis I' mil' ■. tJii'V Ii'iirlu'l llii' .Mlilii'lli'

lin I,!' f '!' rcq fill'' in liinii'i ill' -.iv^i !Ki''i. ;.'■, wlnri' hi' iiindi' lii!) liiilc

ll' n i-cl.i; 'J(> ni '11. Hii'l i-tii'ti'i| till' ' 1 nt i.ti'iiii 1 : Anii^lii>iiisi,nni!. ci-nsi*

;i)i .Iiiiiiiiin , Ifi' ;. ill;, l>i'|'i (111 I" ll;r I'liin- i.lnuti'l.

' I't.r. \\:i(i 11 iMiiiir-v.'c'i!, Ill ).ii'r~, |i. 1 1ll . ni'i'iin'ii'lv Mii' Hm-hs ii\cr

T'lViT'.! uitli liuHiilii-rkiii. !i l"i'it "i' 1". .\ 111. -Infills ( |i, ii:i.")i. pn^^'iiii;

lil;i' til' nn>'uiit ririirli' <),■ tin 1 in- iMiion- triln's. lAlilf. p. i^.i l.n

Ml l.-Ii'v .Jiiiiii I, |>. 1 > ;'l!' ilitn s-tnicl; X. \. i: . iir.tl

II li-nmi'il itii'^ l-Vn. i;, iri'in ;'.i-].''l tin' 'I'ttniliii. Tyiikii|.ii.iii,

till' Ti'iii'S. 111., ]'. I>;!. .iiiil t'liliitiiin. i.\iiiiMii!-iiIs, I Cavi'licr

• ( iiurli'Viiis 1. 1'' I a-.-^i's nvcr in.ilitrt I.ii Snllc rciirli tliciii. .liin.

tiii'i 1' iiii'iilliH. I.:i Siill.' I'l'iu'Iicil -'n, ■,'•.', mill 111!' Ci'iiis. l'\'li. t< : iiit

rriiii'i.-- riv.r, tin' liriiticli ul' ii lii-i dulcs urn rviilciitly wrmiir.

rni'i- il'.wii! ;• ii\ii) tl IP liny und, ni - .lnun-l innkis lin ."^ullo nrii\i' tiiinlly

ii'ili' til rro.-s it, ii.-i'i-iiil'il it» Imnk, Miiou,' ;hi' Ti-inw, I'r;. ii'Ik ul tin'

tliriiUfrh cniU' ainl thicket, to thn Ayiinn. <ir ('aiioliiainiio. uloutel.) l!y

IIi'IiiiliiuiiiiH (•!• Bni'-iini'm i.Iijutcl : Kcliriiiiry 2(». tiny (anir ti- the

('uv« lii-n. whi's.' war i riiit-s upuiiii-t I'liiii'iucchiiuiii' ur l*alni)UcsM)ii

tin' la'iyoaiiiiu 111-' iiiol 'rjdii alicr i Anabiuaius. j>. tlil'ii, iiliics ul' the

surtiuij. (I'". Anastasiuij i Kccj'injj Ciiiiis.

!

I

lllSTui;"! ()|. M.;\\ I'liwri; 91

ill},', it i>i siiiil, si'iikt II iii-iilliii \\ to r)ii!i.iul, (fiiii-:. ;iii(l '' _'

till' sui;^'(iii Liiilnl, liiCM' tlncc iiicii Vi'Siihnl io iiiiiK^'

awiiy with liiiii its spciilils iis iins.siMc. mnl tn l'i'.;ii' l)y

'M,\ (1. lii .Siil"''s lacKrv, ;iiiil Nici, lii^; Indian Iniut'r.

ulio ;ittruilcil Minan^cl, iiii'l ini;4lit ill iVinl liiai.'

'I'liiV lil'ojichcii tliuil' (Irsiua to iiiU'cllc'VcqlU' (.111 \n M'jinnjr.t

. . "* '' " '"

'IV.-sicr, till' pilot, wjiu ;ii>iii()V(ii it. mill olforcd to ioin m hMi.'Hi:ii'-
, , . . ,. '"' V '""'

c-iri'viii^ it out. Tliry.-iii I iiotliiii,' to iln- Siciir di! .Mnilr, un'u-r .■-■

who \\;i> with iIhiii, .lid \'i liom tin'V \wnili! ijiidly hasc

L,'ot iUVllX. 'i'iic Ur\l lli,:hl. wllil" I hi' tlll'iN' iiiilor-

tniiatf viciiiiis ol' their ^' ii,t laiici' Wi'ic ijiiii'lly ashi j-.

I.iotul dealt each sev ltd Movv.-; with a hatidii-L on Ih'

head. The Indian and th ■ laej^ey e\|Mi('d on the .■.p"! :

.Moran.Liet >at n|i, hiil wiunait iitteriiiL; a sin',d(.' word, .md

tlie us.s.a.'^sinH cuinpi lied the iii'icnv de Marie lo iini.sji liini,

threatening', if ho rel'used, to deal witli liiai as iliey liad

with th<< re.sl ; they doul>lle.HS wi.sli.d i.> la ike him an ae-

<()iii|)liee ill their eriiiu', SI) as to iiiaiu Mile that he Would

liol aecilM' liieiu.'

Neverlladehs. as it i.s rai'i- that i t'u>t crime is not

hijiiiwed liy thai une;i-lii'-.s 'vliieh t!ie most h.aideni I

lainuna's have always -uiiie troiiiij' in eahiiiiiL;', the miu-

dvii Is I'elt that it uoiiKl not he ea'.y to ( >ea|ie La Sale's

just vun.^'ea.nee, unless they aniiei|iated him, and on thi.-

' ('ri)!-»aiic<-'iiii'"' I'ivi iMin ihc(rt;i ihi>. I.'nuii, lliius, uuil I'u'.iuir,

Miiirli. l.ii Sail''. ciM tlin Ijili, ^.. Ml ili-ru nil', iiiiil IWrmi il ilirir jilut

oft" l»iiliiiul, lliiiis. I.iiitot, Kiliii. lui'i .IiMie'i..l(Hiiuiil llif^torii|iic, jip. l.i;-

Jjiiiii't. Id jrct s'liiie iiriiviMdiislii' linil llii'.

|UU ill 11 iiii-/ii\ oil his last tri|i, .Inui :. ioiivniil !l>eii'i.|U", )!,•

'I'lii'Sf ijii'y riiiiiul !i|)")ill, 'lilt killrii ID'.-S. l-'ailuT Aimstusiii'^ il,^-

luD liisuii, anil liiuiraianil \\\i- Cli'ini. ii., p. liiiT ; llciiiir|iin in Vny

UH'ui. LcarnMiir tlll^ li'mi S;i.4'. ' , „._, s uu Nuni , v.. j.. -.'It) Vuake-

Ln Sail.' sent .MiM-aa,:;ri, (!,• .Mi,il(, .\:,,i-mi;;i't lin ror two lunirs, li.iniiin

lui.l Sag'.'!, topaihe m.'at. .M.irHii i,i., „si,r,l, r, is, kr. Tin- ii.-c.„„ii

gel. fimliiifrtlmt tliey ImillMiiiriuiiiri ,,iv,.ii liy !li.' iwn 'falun.s i liiicno-

it lu^rorr it wa> siillirinaiy ilry, ll.'W ,,.uiMiis. '&•.), RippoM-.l loiir killi-tl.

iiiiu u 1 iit^si.m. ami tuul; !Voni tliim ■p],,, j,,,!,.;,, X\k», or .Nikaiui, aii.y

llu' iMarrow-lx.iio.M unil iiuni, wliidi, ),,,.,,. i,..,,, ;i,,, ,„„, ^jv,.,, .„ i.,, M,ii'.

am.riiiug to ciioti.in, tlicy lm>l luiii |,_v -.,i.,,. ir.iiuoi.s ii"rtli..n,-ik>/i;nc,

I'bidu tn idiisf, us pcr<iiiibili:s. Oil ;,| ii;i,ii (, 1,1,11. r. Mf

09

1 68 7 -go.

IIISTOHY ul NKW I'UAN'K

tlioy ii'siilvod. AftfV (Itlilii riitiiiv; to'^'clliir <>ii tlic nifini'^
of sitciTss, tliov flnni'.'li) it till' siirist |ihin to "o forwMi'l
to iiiitl liiiii, nmrilrr nil wlio opjiosi'il tlpir 'li-si, i'. iiiiil
tliUM o)>iii ;i wav for llir imrriritlc, wliicli tlicv i icditati'd.'
So stniii;.'! (1 rt'solntioii coiilil Iw iiiH|iirci1 o'lly liv lliat
Mind drs]iMir, wldcli IinrrirK oiiiniiiids infotlic aKv^n tlx-v
liiivi' dii',' for tliriusclvcK : hut jiii iiiciilint v,-ImcIi tlifV
'>otdd no) liii\i fi.K seen. )>liu'i'd ill tlirir liMiidv tile victim
tlicy so\i"ld. } yiM'V. wliicli divided tlicin iVon fin ciiii)!.
niid wliicli liiid swollen coiisidcr.'dily iiftcr tli'if )>jissiiiLi
it, dctiuiird titciii t^^d dnys ; mid tliis dclii\, wliicli ill
first seeiiii'd nil oli'^tnole, facilitntod tin" cNffution of tln-ir
de«ifrii. I>i' Im Sale, siir|»riH(^d at not sooinj^ lii>t iio|>Iir>w
rrtnrn, nor tlio two nwn wjin n<'roni))iiiii<'d hi ii, resolvod
to fro I'iniscif to olitniii sonio tidiiifrs. Tt \va'. rcniarkiMl
tltnt, ft tlie nioniont vlicii lie startr'd. lio scciniMl tionliliNl,
aixl fi><l<" (1. with a kind of nnofmiucsH nimsnal in liini,
wliotlior ]\rorMnj.'i t liad not liad a niisiindcrstnndin;,' witli
Komo one,'

TTe tlieii called .Toiitel, committed the control of the
eanip In jiim, instnictiiiL' him to make the r( iiiids from
time to time, not to let any one stray o(V, a nl to li.Lrht
fires, so that the smoke miidit serve to hrin^' liim to his
tino course, in case, on liis wav hack, he slio ild lose it.
He set ont on the "iOth. with Father Annstas its and an
Tndinii.' As he apiironclicd the spot wIkm'c th • assassins
had halted, he )ierroived eajrh's flyinj.' quite lear to it ;
this led him to think there was a carcass of some kind
there, and he fired his crun. The cons]iiratni>, who had
not perceived him. inferred that it was ha Salo npproacli-
iii'.', and ])re]iared their aries.*

' .l(iiitil..Iiiiiiniil IINlnriiiiic. p.His. l!l!l-';a(l I'"ntliiT A iMSliisiim (l,i-

' .loiui'l, p. 1!i!i. siiys li(> nskcl <'I»T<<1, ii . pl'- ■'•l'^-!' Ili'niii'piii, p.
wliiiluT I.i'itdt, Hicni), nnil Diiliniit IVh spcakH of |,n Snlli'V pimiv
lind not Klinwn ilisrontont. ronvorfntion on t!ic wn.v. iiii<l of

' Fntlior Annstiisiiis (I,i- Clcrrci, liis Kadiic-". He si.vw Mint nffor
Ktiili1i!^»iiiicnt. ill' In Koi, ii., |i. l!;iSi poinfr two |i'ii_rii''' I'li'.v foiiinl tin'
wiys two Indiiiiis. iiml nirntioii« the hlooily rrnviit of tin' liu'lu'V,
20t)i ns tlic'dnti'. Tiiliinvnysonly r. fmiw thi' <'n'.r!rs. iiiiil ti'rn'i\ c'd nom.'
Annstnsiii'* of his iicoplo. IK' li ^'S iioi nt"' lu'

* .touti'.l. rouiiia! llist<jri<iiui. p|i. firi'd

\

I

IIIS'IOlt\ <»K NKW I'UA.NCI 0.1

Tlir livcf wiiH lii'lwcoii tlicm niitl liim ; I">nliinit ninl Fiivr- _ . '' ^',
clu V((|ii(' cioHsi'ti it, mill. |i<n't'iviii<,' di- la Sale advaiiriii^' iiu,'!!'
kIowIv, liallt'il. Piiliaiit liiil liiiiiM'ir in llic tall ^'lass, with mV. •i,\n
liiH^'ini ioadnl a)ii1 cocki'il ; l,ar('li«'Vi(|Hi' I'lvaiicril allttlo
ftlillii r, and. a ii'inni'iil aft( r, dc l:i Salf. iccd^'iii/iliij; liilii,
iinl>'d liiiii wlii'iT Ids ii('|dir\v INforMii'.'rl was. ]\i' ri'iilit'd
tlifd ln' was ali ii<.' tlir river.' and lliat instant Dnliant
fiidl. |)t< la Sale iTciivcd the liail in 1;is licad, ami i'l-ll
«tink dead. Fo Jcnitcl Vflatrs tli<' fact.' He liad l.arncd
it rinni Katli.T Anastnsius, wlio was lu.'scnt, an<l wlmsc
t( -liniony caniio lie susp('ct(<d.

I'atlicr Fjonis H(Miiioi>iii, who a1s>cili's his rcliow-vi'li-
i;i<in-. lait wlio is far Ifss cvt'dililc than Jiaitrl, jirctiMids
that di' la Sale lived an liiMir afte'' li" was Wdundid ; tliat
he made a kinil of p-nernl ooiifof-sinn to I'atlier Anasta-
siiis, ].ai(loia'd his innnlerevK. and enti red with a ureiit
ded of ].iity into all the other sentiments sii;,'i,'ested to
hii I I'v his confessor; that h(> received, with lively tokens
of relipiuii, ahsohilion for his sins; and thai he had
niiproachi (1 th( sacraiiicnts before settinj,' out on his
niandi.'

\ n)aiiuscri|it nlalion. which T had i.i my hand, and
which is ])resor\('d in the l)e)nit de la "Marine,' and the
anthorof wiiich seems stron,t,'ly ju-ejndiced aj^ainst '!\Ir. do
la Sale, in re-.'ard to whom he e\|>ressi's 'limself in a very
co.idemnatorv style, auroes with Joutcl as to the manner

' Till- cxi'ri'HPinii "i. In drrivr," lit-
t'riilly "mliil'f." is I'xiiliiiiii'tl I'.v .Tmi-
til, 11.201, tniiii an 'HloMu'tlic river."
I". .\liiiMtiihiiis -iiVM tiiry Ii'iinlcd.
llllll llmt I.!l Sllllr Win ^'oillf ill tlllll

cliri'ciiim. wlnii two ol' llifiii I'lriil,
cni' luiH^inir. tin' diIht s'rikUij; liiiii
in till' lii'iiil. Ill' Hiiy-* lliut La Salli'
iliril nil liour iiftrr. lie oxpreted
tlio tiixim- fall'.

• .loiili'l. .Inuni'il Ilistnriinii-. 1'.
','01

■ ilcniii'liiii. ill VnyiiLri'saii Noril.v ,
|>. 'JtH. (.'liurloviiix ovirli'iik;' Futli'T

.ViiiisiasiiisH own ai'dnuit, as pivin
in l,i'<'liii'i|. I'.ialilissi'nirnt di' hi Koi,
ii., p. ;i;i"-:in. m\i\ \\\\wU ii mrrely
ni|iii'il liv lliiric|iin. I", .\imvlasin8
ailils Iliiit. iil'ici- I,a Salli' i^Npirril, lie
wnipp •(! liiiii ip. liiirii'il liiiii :is wcH
as 111' conlil. ] lariiiL,' 11 rroh.i (in hin
(.'i-aviv

' TliiK i> a (lofiinii'iit. oiitilliMl
" Intt'rroL'ntions I'aitos ii I'ii^rri' la
Ji'im 'I'nloii par onlrc dr Mr. !.•
CoMi'i' ill' ('"Mi'liartiain, .i Irur
arrivi'i' ili' la \'i ra I'riiz. li' 11
SptfuilMr. 1(11)8."

ill

I

i087-f;o.

lllsrUKV u\- M.W KIlANCr

i'l uliicli lir' was l.illiil : l^nt it i'linn'j;i>H intiiiy (•iivMi'i^fan-
ns ill tilt' iifciiiiiit of lli<> iiiiiiiliT. fi:nvlitVii|it(< is r\u'\'o
stvlcil d' Yvilol.' .'iikI iici'liiips IxM'c liittli li.iiur.s ; no i>ir|itl(ili
is iiiiilf fit' tli<' ( liiiii.iii. .'iiiiis, lull ill' an Kii'/lish ><i)|(lit>i',
wIkmii it culls ■li'iiiiiii', nnl of out' .Miinii'i.' [t luMs tliiit
it \v,i« II scrviiiit III' lli(> Sii'iir irYvolut. nf wliniil .ir. (li>
hi Silc iisju'il where \Iiir,iii;_'(>t wits, iiinl tlivt he, iiicofdhi^
tu Ills iiiMHter's orders, replied ,'iliru|ill_v, with hi-> li it on.
Hint lie WHS aloiiv the river; that In S'iU>. sliocivi d at this
iiiN'>|<iil I'asliioii o|' iiiiswrr, threatened the servant, who
replied still more insolently; thai la Sali' iidvancrd to
strike him; that tin servant, as Mv,'reed upon aiijon;^ the
assassins, started to nm tow.inl the spot v.ln !■■ the\
were coiieealed ; and tiial when do la Sale canie within
n acli, they all lired to;.;tther ; lint only one aimed W'dl.

lio that as it may, sindi nuarly was tho trai.;iciil end o'"
i.'olierl Cavelier, Siciir d" la Sih-, a man of a CMpaoity,
.'jra^p lit' mind, cniirauv am! Iiimiie--i of sold, that iiii,v{lil
iiave raised !i;m to soiuc jj;raiid achievoiiieiil, ii", with
all tin se ;:>Mid (|iialitie-;, ho fonld have iu:ister>d his
somlire and melauclinl', disposition, cnrlied his se'vority,
or r;ith< r the harsluie-.-. ol' his leinper, ami r< pressed the
lian.!.;htiness with whieh \\o tuated, not only those who
dep( iided entirely on Mm, Iml evi'ii his assooiiiles, somn
of wlioiii, as ^\e are assured, esjietdally two of his
assassins, iial advanced a i^'eat part of the fiinds for
his eati-rprise, and ciiii-ri|iuiii''. weii^ di'eply interested
ill it.'

' Tliix' HiaifinciitK an- i\<< in iiriii!i>u« a yo m.; imui, nf liiiyoiinr,

my rMriu'l. wliirli xIhuh iluii liii iii'iiarciuly m' u (.-ooil riiiiiily. nuil

Imiii iiiul Jaiiirii killi'l llii'ir I'liir well .-.'iiivitiil. He wa-< c.arii'il olF

I'lmijiiiiii'iif, laiil lay ill wnii lor I.ii liy tli,- Simniiinls. wnli omulr, a

Sulli': iliat Uiilriut lir.il liisi, ami Niilnr.
kilk'il liiiji nil till' el"'!. • Si'c .!i utiTs (iiivrrcintiiiii <it iiis

• I'iciTi' .^^•ll^nil■l• is ni'iuiijiuvl rliarartiT i.Iiiunial llist(irii|iii', \\

ns ri'iiiiiiir to tli ('.■lu^-, with I'riir ".'(IVi, nii'I I'ntln-r .•\iiH'*l;i>lii-i's, Lo

Tnldii. aft. -r till! HHMii-j-iiuuicii. J.ar- 1'Iitci|, ii.. p. U3'J; Veya,'os nit

rluivii|\it' in niL'iilidinil ill till- "itli Niinl. v., ii. ^41.

HISTmH\ Ol' NK\\ KKANn,

m

]]i lin>< ;il-c) liiiMi jii-'ilv n'|iri>,ic'!i(Ml willi ih'\im' i i';- ' '''*''

itig «'<Ulli.s<l i)f illV (il|i>. jiIhI liiivili',' liunr tllttll nlH'i' |||, I i n^.

niiiicl lii«t itViii- Itv (111 iiliMtiii.i.'v Hint ii ttliiii',' cmuI'I """''■
ovrrriiiiic or jii.lilv. Soiiii liiiM' (Ircliiicil Hmi tlii><
!ia|>iii iM'il in rfj^'itnl to iln' iniiiili >il l!ii' Mi:'is.-.i|pi,
\«lii('!i\vjis |Miiiil>'ii out III liiiii, iitil vsliicli I|M womII unt
< M'li '\iiiniiii', licfiiiisc li.> |,,i>l lir!;rii it iiilu liis Ii<'tii|
lliut it i'niilii lint lie tit tlir jHi^itliiii itiilic:ili>i|. lie
ilonl'llcsK tlid 111)1 know or p ili it tli.tt tl. • rorcinn.'i! men
ill till' world ji.ivi' nit.'ii ii' I'll iiiil.litc.l lor llicir ;_ri'!il(.'.-*i
sttc'C" js lo jK'isoiis fur iiil't rior 'li» lliriii in iin rit, ainl
that tliosc ari' wis. si wiio lii-iiivr lii'l tlirv cm [iroii'
liy tlic iiitrlli^ciu'i.' ami uilviiu! of lum U-ss Hi'lf'l ''kih

tlll'lll^l'IVt N,

Yi ! \w lllUv! imt I'K 'lit fill lli;i* iiii < Ikcii jiiilili-'iiMl I'aiiriiiiili.
o( Ills |irctcllill'i| \io|i|lf(, ^Ulj less olliir llUH'r iiho- ''',V;1|J|.!'|'
cioiix nrclis.itioiis, i'V wiii 'll lii- i lu'lilics liJlVO .'-(ill ill to '"'"
Itlaclvi II liiiii. Niiiir li:ivc soii:Jii (o iliiiiiiiisli til" liiir-
lor oi llir criiiic iiiiiiiiiii'i ■! on hi ; pcrMiii, li\' vin,.; limt
lio killinl youiii.,' |)iiii:!iil w itii liis own liiiinl, tiint, he iiml
isiiiiilailv Invited .s. nral oilici^, niid lliat t'n' d'>i''i' nf
avi.'ii::iiit; so miicli Mood .dird wiilioiit any '.(I'oniiil, Mini
ft.'ai* ol a lil o i.ili'. dro\.' i,nii. wiioiu on i'VcI'n occasion lie
had ti'tiiti- 1 lu'iiiiilly and lorccd to r\li iim <. tn tlic ri'so-
lutioii of assassiiialin-' liiiii.' A^aiusl siii'li (•aliiiniiioiis
fliar'-'i's wf .should ho will on oiii ■^itaid, as nu'ii arc Init
(oo iuoih' to cxa.v'^^i'i'ati) tli(> faults <if the iinrortiiii.iti', and
iiii|>iiti' to tin 'in iinni' than tlicv ically |io>scs-('d, cs] . ci.dly
when llii'V havi' contriimti d to tin ir own ruin, and havi'
tailed to iiisnin' altachiiieni to llnir iMrsmi-. 'i'hi' s.nidi st
ciiviiiastanci' ot' all in rej^ard !o tiir nnnioiy < f lids eeielir:,-
led iii.in is, tliat lie was re-Telted li\ luil l'« u. ,iiid (i!;it the

' Hi-' l!-itiTi<i'iu liii'k iiy Ui/iia.ii.'U. .MiciMins wn In ^llui^ill!l ■ Lii

I'iti'il i:. Till ums-iv, ti.'oloj;!,. I'l;;. I'ajv ,lii I'imi.', i .i\ii1.;;i' l.a>"lnii.

liilltc (k' 111 Limisiiiiir, tli>iv(fris cf dl' IVllnr I.avill. 'I'lirV lirr in 1! :r a

'"""• (Nmivciiux \'<i_viiui'!<, I, ]i. Mil. Iiiit

' 1 llo not lilldW wluTC tlli-r hi-. U.irU i>. |«.~ir.ii)r ID ( l.lilllVllix,

clinrps Will' Hindi' ; nut in DuuhhiI, nn I lii'wcopi.jiliini iilniust llirully.

I'i

IIISTOHV !)l' NKW i"i(;\.MI-

i

i

]V

'■ I

uv

»' 4

'''-^'^' fiiiliirc III' Ills ('Ut(>rprisi's uiiulf liiiii sccni ii lUiTc advcii-

tnicr to tliosf who ju(l!,'(' only liy iipp:ariinc'os. I'l'is,

nnfortnnat(?ly, comprises tlic majority, and dtH'idos llio

public voice.

Whatoc- ^Icainvliilc, Father Anastasius, liavinj; soon do la Sale

ournd after ,, i • ,. , i i

liiH ui;ith. lall at ins ieet, (^\pl't•ted that the murderers woiikl sluw
him no mercy, if only to rid themselves of such a witn -ss
of their crinu; ; Jut Duliaut, approaciiin,!.-. reassured liim,
tloclariug tliat the deed he had just committed was a:i let
of despair, and that he had long liarbored venge.iiice
against -Moranget, who had sought his ruin. At that
moment his accomplices interru[)tod him, stripped the d( ad
body to the very shirt, a?ui, after insulting it with ewry
indignity,' dragged it into some bullies, where tlii'y left it,
unburied. There is no foundation f«>r what Father lle)i-
ui'pin ha< written," that Father Auastasius buried Jiim,
and [ilanted a cross on his grave. Jouttl does not men-
tion it,' and wo cannot but believe that that traveler, who
outers into the greatest detail as to what occurred before
his eyes, would not have omilted the circumstance ; he
himself, IkuI the thing been possible, wmil I not iiave i'ai ed
to join Fatlier Auastasius hi rendering tiio last rites to a
master, whom ho had always esteenud. The assassius,
after thus giving the last stroke to their |)arricile,
proceeded to the camp, b) which tlu^y had already
sent the fruit of tlu'ir iiuiit liy some Indians, who \\it-
ue^ised the ali'air, and were scandalized at what lliey
bi'lield.

It was from Father Anasiasiiis that IMr. Cavelier learned

' Ijiotot, i.'r.|]rciaUy, iusuliiil it, dc I'iivnir ciilr. .r, ct luis nil-' ciniN
call iujj out : "T'n'rr ymi iut, <"!:iii'l Mif ^'ll Iojsmv" It is not rijfht, Iriiw-
liaslmw ; tin.'!' ' vou urel" .lout

.luuriiiil lli!<t<iri(iiic. I'. 'JOi;.

■ lliiiii('[iiii, Voyaj;o a uii I'avr,
Ac; Viivairi s nil Nonl, v., ; ;>.
0l;l-4.

ever, to iiiiikc 1. Mnopin ri'spoii-'blo
in this case, as ho follows TailiL-r
Anns;ar.iii!-, who stati's it hiiii.rll'iii
liis aic-uuiit, j;ivL'ii in Lo l!r:Ti|,
IClnlilisi-t'ini'iit Jo la l-"oi, ii., i'. 'il.

" Joutul is not luticl)- bilcnl asto .Joiiti.'I wa- nc I in cainp \vli"ii lli''
tln'sf points. Ill- s!Lyie, fsprfss-lv : a.Si-a^hiii;; <-.uui' in. unl I'onM ii^il
" IVicn loin, onininc .lit u.i auunir, iiav<' aiilni Auastasius.

UlSTu.n OK NKW I'HANCi;

his l)r(>tlioi''s doatli.' Ho at unco told the ctJiihipirators i6S7-(;o
that if it was tlieir ilcsi^'u to riil thciiisi Ivt.-^ lu him alho, ■— ^- —
he panloin'il thoni his dcalli hcfori'lian.l, aiid tliat tlieoiily
favor lin asked was, tliat tlicy would ,L;iaiit liiin a (|Uai'tei'
of all liour to invpaiu to die. Tlicy iciiUi'd that lie had
uothiii,^ to fear, and tliat no uiie eoniplaiiied of him.'
JdiUi'I was not thea iu tlie cami) ; Lari'lieve<|i;e, wiio was
friendly toward him, started out, to warn him tlial his
deatii was decided u[)on, if he showe;! the least rtMntineiit
at what had happened, or j)rel(uded to e\( rt the authority
conferred U|)Oii liim hy de hi >Sale ; but that if lu; held his
peace, ho (Larcle'Vecpie) would assure his lii'e.

Joutel, who was of a very mild dis[)osilion, rejilicd that
they should bo well .satisliod with his conduct ; lliat he be-
Heved they all were pleased with the inaiiner in which he
liad exercised comniaiid ; and that In; would be but too well
pleased to have no pari in it. They tjun returned to
cam]), and Duhaut, as soo.i as h,' saw .font-'!, cried out to
him that eacii one luust eoniman 1 iu turn. Ide had liim-
.self already .seized all authotity, and iiie ilrst (fXerciM'of it
was to take posNessioii of all the stores, wiiicli he shared with
[jart'iievc(]ue, sayiii,i^ tliai: all iuloM^cd to them. It is as-
sert(Ml tliat there was tliirty tiiousand francs in .Lioods. mid
twenty thousand iu specie and silver-))lat(\' Tlu' p.iiri-
cides had streiii,'th and audacitv on their side, and liad

The :o:l-
sills ii— mill'
c'uniiii:iiul.

' .limti'l, 11. 2tr:'. l-"iitliiT .\iu',s- - .li.iurl, .(iiiu'iinl HisKiriijiir. |.|i.

vn.sius s;iys tli.Ti ho I'litcri'd th-' I'uhiu '.jO-;-."). FalliiT .\ii:isiii'.iii~t (Lc

first, ami tlmt I'uvfliiT, tiffing liiiu ('ltn(]. ii.. iip. m|:1-Ii snvr. lie iuid

in tears, lunl tin; (■(nuliict of tin- lln' Ctivclifis till oii their kiUMf,

lucii, who licgiin iihiiuU'riiifr, fried ami tlmt I'lf iiv^;i->'n- wcif ll:;,^•^•(l

out: "All' my lircithfr is il.'nil !" to shuif thi in, o;i CDiflilupii of tlifir

Lf (.ifirii, ii.. ji. ;!l:l : llfii!if].in. ]>. mit I'ftuniiiif,' to I'raiiff ; thnuirli

24"i. 'I'iilciii (Iiiii TMiraticins, .Ms.) smiif wliii wishfil to jro lufk to

says that, ci.i futcrin;;. Oiihi-.ut tnUl France, were to: Uilliii:: tip ;ii.

tile Cavfl.ei-s wliat lie liad donf : ' I do not l.iiew wliere I 'liailevnix;

thai l.f hud done it to ave iiiv his t'onnl lliis, Nolhinjr of ilie Kind

brother's deieli ; and that ilifv fould apjuais in t!ie iiapers of Cavelier,

retire wlicre they pleased, ns he wlio states, howevfr, that the taiii-

riMiM no l.iii{;er bi'ar the sight of ily ;,(lvanced iiio>t of the IJdO.ollO

thfin iivves tliat llie ex]u'dilinn ("'.-t.

Vol,. iv.-i;i.

i!

'.' I

liisToiiv OF m;\v rijANCL:,

r

I*

•I '^

N :.r

i-7-';0,

I.I ii> iih

sliowii llicn;'~.'!vis c;i])iilil.- (jf tin- !j;i-i>ato.st crinKS ; lu'aco,
llirv iiit't, at lir.->t, no ivsiMtaiicc.

'J'iioicxt (Liv, May *Usi,' all {\h\ Jm-imuOi, with soiiio
fiiilians, M-'t out for the Ccnis villa ^o, -wliirh was Jiot I'ai-
ili .!aiit ; luit llic \vi uIIk r wrs so biul, aiui tlio road so (lilli-
L'lilt, that ihcy wen: soon coiupcllwl to lialt. Oil the ^'.Jii;
•fuiiu'i was (li;t:u;lu (!, A\itli tlie siirift'on, Liotot, Hiciis, an,]
TcsMtr, to set! v.hotlur thrv fonhl not obtahi soiuo ])rovi-
sio;is i'i-(,iii tli(> Cciii.--. O'i til,, ih'st ilav th^'v inM'f'ivcil
thi\'e wcll-inouiittHl Jmliaiis one ilivsscil in Spaiiisli styh',
vlio earn • io moot thi'iii. 'J'hcy al: lirst took this one for a
(o;il Sp.iiiiar.l, laorc csijoci.iliy as thoy liad lioard .say that
S()!i~a' were ciiiiiiiiL,' to join tl.i C'ciiis against auotiKH' )iati(jji ;
and as they wcro iiuu'h afraid of ladling ivio [\ic hands of
the Spania.rds, wiio wore loth t-<) sec otlnn' Ivaropeans ii
their vieinity, their llrst thought was to make away with
this on:', and then lake liight at once,"

tiowcve;', Joiite!, goiii;;- aJiead, hiet him, and aihlressed
hini in Siianisli and Lt.di;ni. The Indian re|>lic,l, in tlu'
(' 'i.i- lan,.;n.i;;'e, that he did not understand' what he said,
a a, I this answer relievt-d hiin. Tlu; two otJier Indians
wvf iiak ■(], and one of tin ni had a line gray i ,are, eai'i-y-
ing two mat ]i.Lniiiei's, made o'i vane, and fnll of parehiil
indian-corn-inea]. i Le -oreseiited some to the J-'i'ench, and
.ulded il.a!. his iiiiu.ter was impatiently iiwaiting them,
•'outcl !ts!.{>d whether tiiere wen; any Spaniards amon ;
!hem. 'j ia>y replied that Ihen^ were none among them,
hut that there wcw sonn' aniong a ii.'ighhoring nation."

The Iii.lian dress; d in Spanish garl> added thai he Jiad.
'•een i'l ihi'ir coimiiy, ;nd ieid returned e((nijipiMl as d.ey

' .)culi'l. ^|.l•:lKil\;;■ ol I.:'. i-::V.i-.- ii. \k oil): llri.n,-|.iii, |i. •,>!;:) ...-ivb

''.■;i;li, .-.'VJ ';>. IV'ii i!i:i: il !i.'i;i;h.ii.'!1 llii' r.ilii ; liiil .l.inn i :■.■,. ni J Mcnnit ■.

■i\ t!i" '.'i':'i : iiii-l, ill anntliiT ])\:\i-' -' .Iduti'l. .'I'liiial I!is'i.ii(jiii'. , :■

;i. -JOI .. Ill- .-ii.VT^.i:! il.r iiiiii-iii.tlmt ','ll-.>--.MO.

1. li:i|'|)ciii'il ilii' r.Mli, «hic-li !ii;i..|'-i ^ " ('ou>~iiM — 1 do not iiih'.i r

sviill llKisI 111' till' nvrolluN. I!ilt il f^rniil." Jdlltrl, Juurmil llistoriqilr.

ruist 1». r.'i'i nil." r."l t'liiit li.'iiiil ni.i ji. ',!11.

1 iniM'if |.iiii; li':^: work. CJnii'i- ' Airoii;;- lhi> A:-;n|iys, JoiUrl,

f > ■!■. Fntlior AiK','tn..iiu:i (I,,. CNtcii. .Tonrii'tl lii--tovii|H.>. ]). '.M'.'.

iiisroiiv OK .\i;\\ FifANri-:

siiw him. He llicu (lit'\.' Inmi liis imcki't u ]>riiiti ; Iv'iii- .
i->li 5);iiif'r, ooutjiiniiip; the iiuliil-i'iicrs <j,i:iiitiil \>\ ihf i li.iy -
S;'e 1(1 tlic ijii^siounrii's of Xcw ]\[iNici, ; ;iii, r wliicli, iic
ami liis l\v(i (•(Piii]i,iiiiMiiv> ( (Miiiniicl tlicii- i mil" (iiwiird [t'--
i'Aiii\i ; llicv, iicM I'lhclcs-, i'li;iii:;.''l tlicii' hiihils iil't'TWaril.
■iiitl rclniciil tlii'ii' sicj.s. Tlic l''r. iirli culN'd tlicni luirl;,
.■iml otlrl'cj tllOUl foou. >'l)<)lll_V ;iiV r rali'l-j', ;.- ni-^llt h:;:!
;^:'l ill. tlic I'micli (Ijil iiDt wish i'l ;m» uiiy I'm llicr, an i lie
iir-t I'ldiaii rciiiaiiKMl w i;ii llicii ill' two oli'-r-^ n .-.inai::,;
ilr ir rDiitc to llicir vi!ia,u;c .

'J'li(> r'rciicli ami Ihi'ir new ^lu-l Wi'Ul ila . >• in flic ini n :i-
iii.U, and inofcrilid diiiclly ti; l!i(^ cliicrs imImii ; Im! lii'-y
liad sc irccly a|)[!rar('d a; tlic cnlraiu-c of th-a viila,ui\ v.-in u
till y ]ic:\<'i\t'<l the old incii (aniiiu.'; la c u laoiiy ti> nictl
tlaiii. Tlicy h.id across their slrail 1. rs, a ^ n .(-■. d; vsi'd
(h'or-slciiis, pahited various ciloi-s, nr.d mi lli. .'r hi^ad a nit'i
'if fcaliic! ■;, t'orhiiiin' a kind ol' cro\'..M, Soia.' wire sijUarc
sword-liladcs, such as ^S|lalliards iisi^.w ith >!i- hili mioi-acd
iv'itli feathers vA hells; others wiVi' aiuiid v.ilii iiows,
arrows, and tomahawl;s. Some had j;rcat ]m'C; s of whili
eloUi ])a->iiiL;' I'roiii one shoulder imdi'i' ihc oiccr ; all had
ill! ir tiua's dauhed wilh i'lack and ud.

'j'hese old lucii \\ eii i. el'ic in nnniijer, and iKe-sed
amid the youn^ Juen and warrior ., van^^ed in liii'. in
2;n()d o!'d(>r. As soon as tla y v.cie i:car iMione-h ' > lie
French, the ^aiide of the latti r motion, d lo them to hall.
.and the old men at once rais( d their hind.- aliove their
heads, utteriiej; loud cri^s ; tljey tin n ia:i u[) to embra.ce-
the French, and e-ave theiii, in their t'a;'i!on, evi vv hiiii] of
caress; next they jiresent'al them with j.ijicr, ,ii.d loli.aceo,
and at last hroueht them a Frtnchman from rrovencc
oao of those who had ih serted from de 1 i Sale on hi-. lli>!
journey. Ho was naked, like i]n. Judians, and co lid
scarcely spoak his own lanun.i^o. Ho seemed cliariiiei! io
BCO men of his own country .and .acijuaintance.

The French were conducted, Milh the e.-cort just de-
scribed, to the cliief's cabin. whcK' thevwiie verv we.l

'il

: 'I

I

in;)

lIlS'l'iiUV dl' m:\V I'liANC

.f

■i i

H M

^■1

' *

if)8;-f;o. received, 'riieiu'c iliey Were led to n still lar.L'er ealiiii, ii
"■^''~~^ (|Uiiiter of 11 league distant from tlie first, ;tin! set ii]>art
for pidilie r<>joiciii,i,fs. 'I'luy found tlie floor spreid wilii
mats, OH uliii'h tliey won; made t<i sit down, (lie old im n
vaiijjiiiu; tliemsclvos around. Tlio Indians Iie^'an liy
livin'^in;' them sajjaniity, and ■\c<j;ctaliles of all iiinds;
during tlie uieal, and while oat-h smoked his pi])e, tliey
t'oiiversed witii thorn on sonio warlike projects.

'J'he l*i-.)\iii(;al lived in .-nioiher \ i!la<j,e, to whii-!i he took
the !''re!i( ii p.'iily, and tliere thry were received nearly as
they Were in t!ie lirst. Xi^ht coniini;- on, tlieii- j,'uide took
them to his cahin, where they siieiit tiie iiij:lit. The next
day tlie oM men of the liist vilia!.r(! came for tlnun, and
took them to the eahin where they had boon feasted tlio
day Ix'i'ore. Hero the;, oiiiained prcjvisiotis in exc!ian,!j;e
for goods ; liut as tlun'e was not ^rain onou,!j;h in the ^ illago
for the wants of th(> Froncli, Jontel sent his c()i;i])anio!is
liack to camji with the Provencal, and remained anion;.;
tlie Cenis to .uet the I'ost of his supplies.

Anothor motive also induced him to remain some time
amoii}^ tliese people. Ascert.'iiniuL,' that there were two
uioie of la S;iie"s desi-rters amoiij.' a nei;<hl)orin,L; nation,
he hopi'd to derive mo/e information from tiieni than lai
had from the Provencal in regard to the ^lieissipi, and the
route to be taken in order to reach the Illinois. Ho ac-
eordinpjly liad those two men sent for, and one night,
while he was lying in a cal)in, but imt asleep, ho heard
s«me one walking softly beside his bed ; he looked, and,
by the light of the tire in the lodge, perceivi'd a man,
perfectly naked, with a bow and two airows, who, without
11 word, sat doAvn beside him.'

1I(! regarded him iV)r some time, addn ssed him several
questions, and received no answer. This silence excited
his susj)icio'i, and made him grasji his two pistols. Then
the man lose, and sat down by the tii'c. .loutel followed.

,5-

' Joutrl, .lounial Ilistoriquc, \<\' >M-l-(i. l!:;0-;5.

rilSTOHY OK Ni:\V KUANCK.

101

,1

and t,■y^^i\ liini (•l.)S:iy. wIumi tlic ii'i'tnidiil liulian fell i;!i i'')87-9o.
his iH'di, iiddrcsscd liim in ]'r(>ncli, find made hiuisi'lf
known as ono of tiu> dosorlcrs wIkhh lir sou^dit. .loutol
asked liini wIk'I'c Ids comrado was, and lie i'e])lied that ho
had not ventured to come. Th(\y wen; liotli sailors ; this
one was a Jireton, named liiiter ; the other, (Irollet, was
from la llochelle.

They liad in a sliort time so completely adopted Indian
haliits, tjiat they would never have liecni taken for Euro-
peans. Not only were they 7iaked, lait they Imd their
whole body jiainted and tattooed. Tiiey were married, and
had several wives. The Cenis Imd taken them on their
wars ; and, as lontj as their powder lasted, they had won
admiration liy the elVeet of their muskets ; but as soon as
their ammunition failed, they were (jbli^ed to liandle the
liow and arrows. The ioose life which they led had great
attractions for them, and lli<v had scarcely a sentiment of
rejiprio]! Jt.fi.

Jontel pavo Hutei' an account of do la S.ile's death and
iiiat of his nei)he\v, Moran^'et, and he seemed touched.
When asked wliethcr he had not heard the ('cnis speak
of tlio Micissi]ii, ho told Jontel that he had not : that he
luid oidy heard it said that there was a iiie.-it river forty
leagues to the northeast, the banks of wliit'h were densely
peopled, and where they had seen men mad(; and clothed
like us. This river Joutel felt confident was that which
ho sought; and, as he had k solved to jtart company with
la Sale's murderers as soon as possible^ his only thought
was to ascertain tlie route to be followed in order to reach
tliat great river. Uuter returned home the next day,
Jcmtel giving him whercAvith to make some little pres-
ents to his Avives, and begging him to persuade his
comrade, Grollet, to come and sec him.

On the (Ith of Ajiril they both arrived in his cabin,
equip]ied in the some manner, except that (irollet had not
tattooed his face, nor consented to cut his hair in the Cenis
fashion — a fashion odd enough, as it consisted in wearing

I

(>■,

'(

I

*,■ -i

\i n

'4

'I J

i ^.

102

1687-91

Jiiiircli-nr,-.
imrl «itli

lllf oil l|:i.

iii>n>:;v oi' m;\v i-kwci;.

till' hair v.rv :,li,ii>l, ..\.'('].liii,i4 'i till'!, which the liiliaus
l(>:iv(> f)ii llic toji of Ihi' h( ,1(1, (ir soiiK'tiiiK s 011 tlio sides,
mill l'r;iiil in :i (|ii<mi('.

(ii'nllct coiiliriiK .i his coiiira Ic's slMlciiiciit (o .loud 1 as
to a Lii-.v'f river lo flic northeast, on llic liaiil<s ol' whicli,
Enrojieaiis had l>e( n seen ; and lioth oM'ered to accoiiipaiiy
hiiM to Ihe camp. Jie was clianned with tliis resolution;
and, on t!i(! Kih, two J'^reiiciinien liaviiii'; come lo (he Cenis
with a lioisf! to cari'V tlie inovisions purchased hv doutel,
all set out io.uether, and arrived on tiio Idlh.

DininL; Joutel's nlisence, la Sale's murderers had m -;sed
apart, ami t'oianed the desii;n of returnin;.;- to St. Louis, in
ordi^r to Iniild a lioat, and proceed to the West Indies.
>iothin;.;' was more cliiiiierical than this laojecf. 'i'liL'\-
lacked most of the tools necessary lor tliis work, ami not
om^ of tlnuii had ever lear'a'd how to handle any. ]>ut il
was the iu\st elfect of the verli-o with which (lod oi'ten
punishes those wlio have tilled up the cup of their iin(piity.
Vet, as He did not desii.oi to involve the innocent in the
misi'o'-lune Aviiich His justice laid iij) for the ^uiUv, He
inspin'<l the foi'iiier with llie desi-n of separating' from
the latter ; and, in fact, their only tlionght was to tak(i up
the route in the direction v, here they deemed the Illinois
to be.'

:\lr. Caveliev, who was at their head, liavin-,' learned
that j)uhaut and his accomplices were ju'eparini^' to send
to tiie Cenis to buy hoi.-cs lo cairy their baggagi^ to St.
Ii(juis, went tohi!ii, and told him tJiat he, with some others,
whom he named, we!(* too exhausted to undertake the
march he contein]ilated ; thai it was their idea to remain
for some time, at least, in the first Cenis villa.c^e ; and ho
be.irged Diihaut to make them a jiresent of some axes, a
little powder and ball, and to add wliat would enable them
to buy provisions; that, if he wished, he nii,i.dit even .set
down the ))rice he re([uired, and tlnit he would ,t;!\ehini
his note for it.

' .loutf!. .ronrnal Ui-loriquo, pjv ',':;i-!l.

I

I

li;sTou\ ui' m:\v Kiswri'

loa

as

Dnhiuil (Ifi'iTcil his iinsv.cr to tlic ui\[ (Liy ; ainl, iit'tci' i''^~-yo.
coiisiilliii'4 \vi;ii his Imnd, he l"M Mr. Cr.iiiT tliat l:c''^''~~^
C'oiis.'iili'd !i) c;ivi' Iil' i liall' ilic .-tii'c,- tliat wt re It It.
Ho a.iMi'il till! if !m' alrl lii> il'l .1)1 suri.'.cil ill iilliiililii;
abaii.lluy wniiM r. tnin; aiul liia' in- woiilil iln thriii a
faviii- ti) aci'iiiiuilatf in'iivisioii.s, at all liaz.anls. -V I'cw ilavs
afliT, lit rhan,i,'t'il his iniiitl abnut rt'tuiiiiii;,' ti> St. Lmiiv,
and |irii|i.)Sftl ti) iii-; fomrailt's t > rcjuiii Mi'. Cavclit r, and
pi'ijfi'fd In till' llliniiis. I lirii.-. aiiil sniih- nthfi's Wfi'e nt)t
of tills ()|>iiiii)ii, and ili'iiia!iil''d llitir ^liai'i- til' llif ;.'iH)ils,

Diiliaut raised iiliji'ciiDiis ; ihfv (jiiariflfil ; and, at last, .-.vi m,] < i
Hifiis ili'fw his |iisti.], and shot Diihiuit in thtj licaiL i.icnni.
He sl.i'j^cri'd liiii'' jiatM'S IVoin llif s|iol Avhfi'f In- was, aipi
ftdl ilcad. Ai til'' saiiif liuif, liiilcr, the Jhftoii sailo;.
wimiii Joiittl had hi'oii^hl iVoiii tlu' Ccnis, and who had
takfii sides Willi lliciis, tir-d hi 4 lllll^kl■t at Liolot. the
snr;;i'.in. That \.-rt'tf!i. although he rt't'eived tlirrf hilis
in his hixly, iiiiLi'crc'il soini' hours, and was so hajipv as {>>
rPCt'i\(' the saeraiiicnt of iieiiaiiee, al'tei' whitdi the one who
wonnded hiin shot iiini thail with a ]ii>-iol. Thus, tlie two
who niui'tU'rt'tl de la Sal" mil his ne|ilitw, were the l'ir:>:,
vit'tiiiis of the sjiirit of niatbiess wliieh they hail ini'nsed
iiiio thai ill-staired ctiloiiv.'

Joutel, wlio witllessetl this Iiiassael'e, at taiee sid/. d his
Jimsket It) tlefend liimstdf, in case they soiiLiht his life as
W(dl ; Imt llieiis t-alletl out to h'lii not to In? al.u'ine.l : that
lie iiad no ohject, exeejit aveii-in^' the ilenlh of his iiatr^.n ;
he added that althouuh he had heeii in Duhaiit's jiiot, he
ha>I i.ut I'onsonted to his pairieide, ;iiid would have jUi -
ven,,ti it had he laeii pre^en:. The Iialians did not know

'I"

^1

' .IciiHi'I, .Ii>i!rn:il lli-i(iric|U", y]<. On- \n<[ iiti>, oin- i>\' tl.c n.-si: -si.i.s

^41-;l. i'lalii'.' Aiin.-iiir-iii,-. wh.i Is ii.v.i u c.iii 1 i.^ur al lii> lifU.l, wli;^ !i

lus< .'. t i'iIimI, -,1;.' Duhaut vm.s shut >. 1 lire lo hi- liair iilul cldthfs. iiii-l

thniu-:. til.' l,.art. l,i't'l.'ir,|. Kuili- tins li- p.-nsii.tl. Iliiil. I'i.'H;.-

ii.ssrni-iit (ic 111 l-'oi, ii , |i. :M(i; llrii- 'l\iUn\ u-\ rvM\,\>, Duliiuit »;• lolli-l

m-liiii, |>. ','17. 'I'hf ilnuli (.!' l/i )r.it 'ov .Jiuiii>, .hir.U's l.y IhitiT, lauur

III! ili-iTiiMs as liTl-ibli' : ,\i'i.r al- Iv 11 siii-friini. wlm lied ti^ tlic I.olios,

lowininn .ol't'i.- in-i.'Sfs t'M^iv,. Ii;m a'l 1 was k;';li,',l in \,-ar.

1 ^j

104

HlS'l')i;V (»!•• M;\\ lUANCE.

1687-90. what to tliiuk of tlicsc nuuili'is, wliicli scaudiili/od tln-m
^— v—' gi'i'iitly. Tliey wwv ri^^lit, and iiii;^'lit iiiori" justly treat
tlu(SO l''renL'linu'U as sava.m's lliaii \m', \>y any ri^lit, coiiM
I'l'^'ard tlifiii as siicli.'

Still, as tlicy witu ui'L-dcd, Joiiti'l t,'avo tliciii to uiidcr-
staiul tliat tiii'su two iiiou d<'.s( rvid tlio tivatim-iit wliioli
thoy liad just fxporicucod, for liavin;^ dipjuid tlioir hands
iu tho blood of their fomniandci's, and vinlintly s('izin,L(
what did not l)clon;^'to tlu.'ni ; ami this LXplanatioiiscenicil
to satisfy tlifni.' Laic'lH'\i'(|Ut! was not at tiic- villago whilo
all this occurred ; lio had -^imii oil' early tiiat very day to
hunt, and llii'us was hent on treating luni, on his n'turn,
ns he had just dono Duhaut ; but ]\Fr. Cavelier and Tather
Anastasiiis suceeeilcd in dissiiadiu,!,', and Joutel went
iu search of Jjarcheveiiue, to warn him oi tiit; peril that ho
had been in. lie tlien look him t<i i liens, and thosi; two
mou niutuall}- plcdj^etl their wmd not to allempt anything'
a},'ainst eaeli other. '
Some of Ai^'jr this reconciliation, they a;4ain i)roceeiled t(j delin-
:i('!(iinpaM.v' <5i''do on tho course to 1)0 pursued; i)Ut iliens deelareil
"" wiir.*'" tli'^t lie had i)romi?M'd the C'enis to i(o to war with tiiem,
ami that if thi'}' clioose to wait anioni^ thoso Indians till
his return, they would then see wiiat was best to be done.
Mr. Cavelier and his party were obli^'ed to ac((uiesce in
all that tlujso niadnien proposeil, inasmuch as tho ju'operty
was not y( t ilivided. They accordingly proceeded with
them to the C'enis villa,ge; and, early in March, Hieus took
tho war-path with tint Indians, toL-etlier with hix i-'rcnch-
mon, all mounted.
\ictoryc.f On tho I8th, those wlio r>'mained in liie village wore
''"' ''"'^' much surprised to sei> women entt.'r their cabins oarly iu
tho morning, all daubed witli clay, and begin to dunco
around. Tliis lasted threo hours, afier wliich tlio master
of the I'abin gavi; the dancers a piece of nati\e tobacco,

' Jiiutfl. .I(jiinial pp. 2 Ill-T. ^ .IdiUrl. .luuiiiiil lli»toric|Ui", ji.

' Jo'iti'I says llicy only iilU'gcil ^ |8 ; Fiitln-i- ,\iiii«tai-ius (Lo CUtci).
takingtliP powder mil ball (p. 3tS). ii., p. ;;i(ii.

IIISTOIiV (M- .NTW I'-HANCK.

1U3

iTUelty

wliicli rosi'Mil>loil ours, cX('7'|)l tliai i':. iciivrTwi'U' ■ffTTiflttti. i'fi;-9
'I'lic Froiich wi'i'c tlii'ii iiifniiucd (liat tin* Ciiiis liiiil won n ^-^'-^
com] (let I' victorv, uiul tlii' licncrof tlic iiitolli^^'ciicc aveni.il
tliit, lor liis j)iiit, lie had IvilKd alunit forty of tlio
oiiciiiy.

'i'lic woiiioii nt oiico 1)i',L,'an to )tropiirn rcfroshmouts, in
order (o },'o and iiu'it tlie vietors, who reached the vil]af»o
ill the aft-riiooii of the :,aiiie day. Tiieir eiieiuies, the
Caiiiinhatiiiiios, liiidawai^ d them resolutely ; but the uoiso
and elleet of the Frcneh liro-arms so nliirnieil them, that
they took ili,L,dit after the first volley. The Ceiiis pursued
them, and killed hirty-eigiit men and women. Of tlieir
pri.soners, they s[)ared only two little boys, whom they
brouuht to their village, with the scalps of the dead; all
the rest were butchered on the sjiot, except two women,
whose fato was still more de]iloral)Ie.

One was sent home, but not till her seal]) had Iieen torn TiiLii
ofl'; a charge of jiowdcr and ball was tlieii ]>ut in her hand,
and she was told to carry that jireseut to her mition, and
warn them that the Cenis would S(jou c(jme to visit them
again with that kind of arms. As for her comjianion, nhv.
was delivered to thoso of her own sex, wlio, armed -with
large pouited stakes, took her to a [ilaee a])uit, where
there were none but women. Tliere, these furies began Iheii-
work : some Ijy giving her a thrust with the point of the
sticks ; others dealing blows on her body with all the might
of tlieir arms. They then tore out her hair, and cut oil' her
lingers : in one word, subjected lu'r to all tortures that cau
be imagined, in order to avenge on her the death of their
friends ami kindred who had been killed on various occa-
sions. At last, Aveary of tormenting her, tlie_) .itablied her
to death. Her body was then cut into pieces, which they
made the slaves eat.'

The next day was set ajiart for rejoicing. The chief's
cabin was well cleansed, then s])read with mats, on wiiich

' Jouul, Jouriuil Ilistori(jU(\ jip. lintinos, not cnptiiri'd tlji'ii. but long

'J i '.(--.")( ;. 'I'lii' ^liivi's wcr,' i'liiiiKi pri\ ioiisly tiikcii.
\..!.. 1\ . -Ij.

'I'lieir

4

i]

i

!>iA

I

' )

10(5

IllSI'dU^ 111" m;\v I-I{\N«K

I't

>'. ho siiclu'ius mill till' Frciicli woro scati'il. Win ii (jacli oin
•—,-'~ liiid tiiki'ii his pliicr, Jill oral"!' rose, iilid iiiMilr (piitt! ii h'U'j,
S))Ct)i'li, n)ipaitiitl\ in )M.ii c dl' tlic wairiors, niitl thiij^rcat
801'vic'o Avhicli llii'ir jji wallifs hiul jiisl umlorod tho nation.
Thou il^\■o!ll!Ul aiipcavcd, lioidiii;^' u Ion;.' reed in her hand ;
(lio waviiovs I'oHowcd hrr, cacii, afcordin„' to his ran!;,
carryin',' a how and two arrows in Iiis Inind, ^^reccdcd l)y
tla'ir wivrs, vlio hon' tlic seaips Ihrir iinsliands hail
hron.Ljht liacl^. 'VUv two voiin;; prisoners, whoso lives wero
spand, closed tlio line; and, as ouo of llioin liad liocn
wounded, lit' rodo on hor.-eliack.

As t1ie-e waiiiors pasf,i(l before tlie orator, Ihev took
tlie scalps from the hand-, of their wives, and presented
them to iuni. lie reeeived them with Imtli hands, turned
them toward tlio four cardinal j)arts,and laid them on the
ground. After the procession, fjroid platters of saganiit_\
wove st-rved np ; and, liei'oie any one tnuelieil it, tin'
orator took some in a hiri(0 wooilen bowl, and presented
it as an oll'erine to the scali)s ; thon he li,t,dded a pipe of
tobacco, and l)lewsome o'' the smoke on the same scaljis.
This done, the ban(]uet l)e,'jan. ]>esi(Ks the sngamity,
they served uji the tonf,'nes of tln! enemy who had been
killed ; somo of the llesli of the woman, whose torture
has been described, was brouL,dit to the two youn^i,' in-is-
oners, and they were forced to eat it. The whole termi-
nated with sons:s and dances, and the ceremonies were
then renewid in other cabins.
Cour^cpui-- After this expedition, there beiiii; nothin;,' to detain the

BUC 1 bv till.' , ,1 .ri • 1 111 11.

French. J.' rencli amoUL,' the Cenis, they assembled to take their
final resolve.

Hiens bep;an, at first, by declaring; that he did not ap-
prove the project of endeavoring' to tlnd tin; Illinois; that
he foresaw in.surmountable ditriculties ; and that, iiKu'e-
ovcr, he did not wish to return to Franc,-', to lay his ]u>!id
on the scalTold. The last argument was unanswerable ;
but, as it Avas the only one that had really induced Hiens
to take the dospernte course which li" rollowed, thos(> v.ho

*l

UlblOUY UK NKW 1-K.VMK.

lOV

I

liid iiDt iVol guilty iii'iisihtnl iu llic iiroject <il' |Mi->!iin^; (Hi i^H'-go.
to llio Illinois, uiul that vt rv iliiy 1k,';;;iii to [injiaro in ■'".■""'
riinu'st t'di' llic'ir ili'|iartiiri'.

'rim Indians liail viX'atly cxiigf^cmtcil to ,Jnu(fl tjic
tlaii,L;iis to wliirji 111' ( .\|io>((l liiniMtll' iiy tiavi'i.sii)g so vast
an I'xtfnt of cuiintry, wlu'iv ho couM not avoid uici^tiii;^'
ninny unknown nations, nor oxiioct a friendly rt't-cption.
'L'hcv used t'Vfi'v ai'unnu nt (o induce him and his iiartv to
i'/nniin w'lli tln'iM, Iml tin'N' diil not jircvail. llu he ;,',!.■;(; d
tlicni to I'uniish liiui guides, to whom hu pvoniisud a lai'.i,'«
reward, aii'' iliusc tluy (.'liccrfully alt'ovdod him. Jlims
^'avo Joulil all lir a.-.k('d; hut tho latter know well that lu^
niusl: not ask mnel;. This ruJlian retained possession of
uhuost all <lu la Sale's elieets, and inid donned his ;^'old-
laeed scarlet coat ; Imt, het'oro {^'ivinj,' any thiuf,', he exacted
of Mr. Cavelier an attestation, written in Latin, and signed
hy his iiand,' exoiieralint,' him from .all suspicion of com-
plicity in iiis lin.lhei'",s murili'r ; and it i^, jurhaps, soh Iv
on the i'ailh of this document that some have pulilisiicd
that he renily took no part in that ci'ime,'

Those who took uji their march for the flliiiois were .sonv 20 to
sevi'U III mimiHr, namely: Messrs. Caveiie.r, uncle and
noph(!W ; [''alher Anasta^ius ; the Sieiirs JiaiLrl and do
Marie; a yoniit,' Parisian, named Jhirthelemy; nnd the
pilot Teissier. Larcheve(]iie, Mnnier, and Ituter, had
piedj^-ed tiieir word to join the ]>arty ; but a Hj>irit of liber-
tina^^'c retained them amouf^tho Couis ; and, to all appear-
ance, tho same fear thai seized Heins made an impression
on Larcheve(|ue, still more guilty than he.' M'c shail see
in the seijuel what liecame of these men, after Ave have
followed the lirst jiariy to France.

I shall not stop to dcseribo their journey iu detail. Tiiry^Miivr
Jouiel has made a very circun'stantial journal, which con- '"AkausM."
tains nothing very interesting for our purpose. T"hc only

' .Iniitel, .luuniid llis!ciri()iic, pp. •'• Jiiulcl, .lomiinl lii^<t<M■i(|lll■, p.
-'."i()-'Jt;:l. '.'(nJ. [■'ntlicr .Annbtubiiis U-'' Clcrcci,

' I do mt finrl thip Pl.atPtl, ii., p ;ilT| fav5 they ^\■,_■\■r^ only six.

i

!■

^i

f .1

; 1

(IS

friSTnllV i>K M w ii(\.\(|;

I. •? I

i6H7-yo. nntdwfiid nccidciit which li(>f(II tlicm in thi'ir loni' niid
tfiilsdinr tiiiiich. aviis tiic Iohh of thf Kiour dc sialic
nccfirdiiiL' to Juiilol, a vorv woilhy ninn who wn%
drfiwjiod oil the 21th of Jinio, whilo bathiiii,' in a river.'
On tlio 2nth of Jnly' thoy nnivod ainony tlio Akansps,
wliiM'f thi V found two Frciu'liiiKii : one, naniod Prlniinny;
the otlicr. a cariti'ntei', calhil (Vnitiiiv/

Tt wftH a Liroat joy for tho trav( lors to lind tlu'mwclvos
Ko Hear till' ^ricisNi)ii mid in a known country, 'i'hc two
Frciiclinicn h.'id Iummi sent to tlic .Vkansas hy tlic Cheva-
lier I'onti on his return from a voya{,'i<, wliich he liad nnide
in ]ierson to the month of th<^ river, wlierc dc la Sjih' hud
proposed to meet liim. 'I'liey Imd hcuun a Iionse, and
HPomcd roHoIvpd to s( ttle tlicre, liavin;,' lost all hopes of
receiving' .'Uiy tidings of de la Sale. ^fr. Cavclier informed
tlicui of liis tra;,'ic;d end ; lait it was af;recd amonf,' tlieni
to say nothin;,' aliont it to the Indians, who had been
held in awe liv the mere name of tiie deccnscd, and iVum

^<

i!

'

^

..<-

■>'^

' .Icmti-l, .F(iiini:il, p. '-'M ; An.">t!i
HJiiK. 1,1' ('l('iTi|, ii , |i. ;'"i1. 'liny
|iiiKSf(l Crniii tlic <'i'iii- ti tli.' N;i
lidtidiUlir, tlic .\ssfini!^, or Nii'sunis
(O") IcnL'iw.-* 1'. X. I" I. ulicrc. stiys K.
AnastnKiuK, tlicy »|irnt tlii" optnvc of
("(iriuis ClnistK.Iuiic fiK .loutcl Fiiys
thi'V left .Tuiip l:t, nnd went N. R,
or N. N. K., iK'ros^ I'onr Inrirc riviTs.
with till' lliii|ui liiiliiins (III till' I'".,
Nnliirl (or Niiliirii and XminHi up
jiiiri'iitly on tin' \V. On tlu' ',''.M
tlii'V lii'iinl lit' rill' Kii)i]i!i». wlinin

C'ttvclier n triii/i'il ii.~ n trilii' iml

by Ills liriitlicr on tlir Mis><isslii|'i.
(Joutcl. )i. OrO) On till' '.':!il tiny
rcarlicil tin' ('nilnilarclnw (I.i'('1iiti|,
Ii., |i. :!-1!h, forty Iriiirucs from Na-;-
sonis (ill., ]i, \)i\(\), whom .Joiitrl liicn-
tions (('uilo(lii(|uio) ns ono of four
allies, the othrrs hi'inif the Abisony,
Nalsiilio-^, and NiitchitnH (ji. 278 : or,
ai'i'iT iiim- ill Anar.tiisiiis (p, li.'j'Jl,

N'nti'lioo.< (Niiti'hr/, in V. an .Nonl,
v., )). '.'."ill, Niitihili»i, niid Oiiidii'hiH,
t'li' his' iiaiiii' proliiilily nmri' nir-
riTt than A^^nny, in .loiitil. 'I'licn
jnarrliini; twintylivc li'iiirni'S K, N.
K., (hoy rciirlicd, on the (itli .Inly,
thi' ('iihaynolioun, or Cnlmiiiilioim
(till' <'nliiniiiii of Aiiiistasiiisi. At
law, |iriiri'rdin;; sixty loairms fiir-
lliir K. N. K,, ihi-y cainc to tlio (>:■
sotti'oo/, or Oisotclioui', nil Arkaii
siis tr'lji-. and, to tlnir iiitt'iihi' Joy,
iliscrird a cros.*!, and fi'll on their
kiu'i's to thank 'Ood, (.loiitol, \>.
\<]\ ',".IS-n ; Aiiastiisiu..<, [,|. Clorcii,
ii., p. •>oi').) For the death of tlio
.■>ii'ur do Mario, ftv Voyn^'os nu
Nonl, v., ]), 'J.')!).

• This (Into KocinH correct. Coin
pare .loiitil, pp. 207-8.

'■' Hoth were of Koiien. Joiitel,
.loiiriud, p, 2!is ; Tonty, Memoir,
l^ouisiana Historical <'oll., p. 71,

iiibTKUY or .m;\\ I i:.\Nrt:.

109

wl mil tliry Htill wiHhfd to dlituiii iiroviHimis, i-iiiioi'H, ami 168--90,
glliiliH.' ■— 'r-^

Mr. Cavi'lii r tlnii ln'^'t,'iHl Coutiiri* lo ^40 to hoinc at tlir
cliitt's, iiiid </\\r tliiiii to iiii(U'l'Htuii(l ' that di' la Sale liail
IciiulhI ti very tine Hottlenioiit on tlio Ciiilf i>f .Mixint ; that
llitisc who Iinil ju«t ^'ivcii hi:ii this wt'lcoino iiili IIi'i.tuci
iiili iitUd to |)i'occ((l to Canada for ^'oods ; that this
would snoii return, with a i^'irat iiundM r of Frrnciiiin n. to
wtth' in their country, in onlrr to defend them a;iaiiist
their ciieinies, iiiid all'ord tlicin ail the iunelits i>f re^^ular
coninicrci" ; that, in order to n at'li the. Illinois, they lioped
to obtain from them the sanio aid that they had received
from all the nations wlmm they had met mi the wny.
Tho Akansas ashciiililed to delilicratc t'li these |)rn|H)si-
tions. and mranwhile rcL'ali^d their new i,'iiests \\ith the
best they had, and smoked the calumet with them. Tliey
novertlielcsrt liesitatt d to turnisli tin in euides lur so Ioiilt
tt voyage ; but promises and |)re.scnts siicceeiled. The
yoini},' I'arisiiin, who was unable to walk any I'lirlher.
remained amoii^' the Akansas, and Couture, for a time,
ncconqiaiiied tho others, Tlioy set out the "JTtii ; doceiided
the liver of ihe Akansas; and the same day reaciud ;i
village, called Torinian, wliore, for the first time, they saw
the ^Micissipi. The crossed it on the "JUtli, and the same
day reached the village of the Kapjias,' where Couluio
tool: leave of them.

' .Imili I, .Idiiriiiil lli>|(irii|iii', |i|i.
MiO-1. !■". Aiiai<iii>ius, l.c Clii'iij.
ii., ii|). Iloli-i.

' .loutil, .louniiil IIist(>i'ii|iif. |i.

;;iiii.

■* Jiiiitrl siivs ill his .Idiirniil, lluit
this villii::(. is the lust iil' llii' Arkan-
sas; l)ut it npiH'urs frimi (farcilnswi
lie la Vi'ira's Ilistorv ol tlic ('(m(|iii'st
of Klnridii, tlint tin' Kajiiuis, in the
tiiuc of I'"i'nliiiiinil ilc Soto, wire ii
B('])iii'at(' iiiid viM'v iiiiniii-diis niitinn.
Noni' ninv i-i ni.Tin : lu Iraf-t, in I.ou.

i^iiuia. ('idirhioij-. ^if .Idiiicl,
.Iiiiirnal llisti)ri(|iic, pp. ;!(ii)-:;i.").
'I'lifv ri'iulii'd till' Kappns un tlii>
:!(llli. (ill.) Ah the ynajiaws slill
I'Xist, it is not I'lisy to sec li i\v Cliar
Icvoix oviTlonkcd thcni in lii< time
Tin _v now alonr rc]irrsi-nt tin' .\r
kanstts : the Toriinan, To;rinf;a, &(*,.
having' di.<appi'arc(l. 'I'lioy liad
lii'cn on the Oliio iliravicr. .lonr-
iial, ]). 1(1), and wcri' diiviii down
tlic .Mist^issippi \'\ till' Illinois, who
lonp rnllc d the Oliio tho i-Imt of Mi.'

f^
^

r

i

It

L!*

110

i.i.;ioi;i Ui.' ^LA' FUAM !•:.

ili;

1687-yu. On tlie iid of S<'](t(mil)or tliey entered the river of the
' Illinois,' and on the 1 Ith' rearhed Fort St. Louis, where
TIkv nacii the Sii'ur de Bellel'ontaine lield I'oniiiiaiid, in tin; al)scnce
I, .lii-c'i liio of till! Clievaiier de Tonti, who had ,^ono to join the
iiiaUc'iiiJ Martinis de' Denonville in the war against thc^ Scuecas.'
wiioiii'iiuv livery oni' eagerly asked for news of (ie la Sale, and thoy
I'il'vr'tii-.t I'l'pli'Hl that thi'y liad left him forty leagues Ironi the
^'smi'(' i' ' ^'"-'"i^- 'i"I"T t^ii^ not deem it well to be more exi)licit,
full (4 hu'. .^^ they wished to j)roeeed to Canada as soon as possililc ;
needed assihtanco to make that journey, rendered dilH-
cult and dangerous, since war had been declared against
the lrot|Uwis ; and feared liuit this ;issisiance would lie re-
fused, if iiifi.vii.aliou were given of de la Sale's death.
Tiiivnio Jlaji) lily for them, tlu' Sieur d(^ IJoisrondet, his agent,
«iiri"iiiii was ]n'e])aring for that voyage; and the meeting was
equally agr< calile to both. They endiarked on the 18th,
but they did not go far; bad weather eom])ellod them to
return to the tort, fi'om which they had started. This
accident disconcerted them all the more, as it deprived
them of all hope of passing over to Franco that year,
and sending assistr'nce to such of their ]ieoi)le as had
remained at tlie sell lenient of St. Louis, near St. Lernard's
Bay; but they had to be ])atient.'

On the *27th of Octobt'r, Mr. de Tonti arrived at Fort
St. JiOuis." .>[r. Cavelier deemed it necessarv not to be

Akaiisus. or AlkansuH. illi. ; com- '•' Ji)Utcl. ji. ;!>'ll, savs prooisi'ly

pure l!i'uiic|.iii, Viiy. au Xiinl. v., p. Suinlny, Si'pl. II. 'J ]'. .M. : Annstii-

'i')'!.) 'I'his iiu'n-is Willi li('ikr\,cl ^■^ls, in l,c t'lrrci|, ii., :j(i7 ; llunno

d'f. iiiiii iclciuitics his 'ralliu-'wi. or \>'m. Viiv. uii Xnr,!, v., |i. '.'.i:^.
Alk'ui'wi, nl'ih'' l)^'ln\vnl•c■^, willi llu: • Tiiiily, Mciiioii-, in .Mai'trrv, Kelii-

Avkaiisii:-. ! Ili'i'ki-wi'lcic!, An.'i.unt linn-;, iVi'. ; l,(lui^ialla II. I'., i.. |i;i.

of tli.r liulian XH!inii-i. |i|i. 'Jll-;!!).) (i!l-70,

'I'lie nanii', wlicihi r Ak:.iisas, Alkim- " Joutrl. Juurnal lIistorii|iu\ \t\<

sas, Arkansas, Allrnvwi. or 'I'nlli'- liol-.").

gowl, is i'vi(lcntl\ the AI,ffoni|iiiii ' ■rouU'l, .loiirnal Historiiiiu'. \i.

name for tln' nation, ir't llicirmvn. lilH: 'loiily. Memoir, in MarLTiy. and

' .Toutcl. .lonnial Ili^ oriijiii', ji. in I.. II. Coll.. i, p. 70. His nniiioir,

o'.'il. '•'. .\nas!asius i he i 'lorri|, ii., |i. as -ivrn in \"o_v. an Xord. v., y. l.")0,

;jl!(ii sa.\s the ."itli, an l inakrs a loii_' niaki's hini iTlnrii to his I'ort at tin'

.ittucli on Miuiiiiiiic .Tnil .loii. 1 end nl' Ma\-,

i

il^>r.JliV UK .NKW ll'A.NCK

111

;

f

more frank witli liiiii tliiiii lie had Imtd witli tlic otlior-

ill l68;--(;o.

rogavd to il(> I;i Sale's dcalli ; aiui, as lie liad taken t]i.> ^■. — '

l)re('anti(in to (jl)tain from his brother, 1

)t'iore Ills I

leal I

h'lt

•r of cri'ilil, to rc'C( ivc in tlio Illii

lois a sum oi nionov,

him

or its vahio in ])i>ltrios, Tunli did not insitati^ to luiv
goods to the vahn^ of four tiiousaud francs. Our travel-
ers, a; hast, left llie Illinois on the '21st of Mareli, IfISS,
witli iioisrondet, and Faliier Allouez.' who, iinding no
oiieiiiiig lo ]ilant a ]iermanent mi.-sion among those In-
dians, wa.s ix'turning to St. Jose]>li's Uiver, where h,o died
soon after, among the 3Iiamis.-

On the lOtli of 3[ay they arrived at ^riehillimaddna-,'
where tliey made l)ut u sliort stay; and, on the 14th of
duly, Mr. Cavelier landed at IMontreal, where his [lartv,
wiiom lie had left at Laeliine, jouied him on tl'e ITtli.'
Tlierc they met Messrs. dc Deiionville and do C'liami)i;.;ny,
wlioiu they informed that they were obliged to ])ass over
to Franco as soon as possil)k., ju order to send aid to Mr.
lie la Sale, and those gentlemen believed them on tiieir
word. A ii'w days after, Teissier, who was a Calvinist,
made Ids alijnraiion in the parish church of :\[oni!va];
all tJieii end larked for (,)uebec.- Tliero they did not long
await a vessel ; they lauded at la Kochello on the otii of
October, and on the 7tli, Messrs. Ca.velier and Joutid set
<mt lor liouen,'' where I saw and couversi'd at h nvlh witli
this latter, in 172;].

Tlh'V jvim
OVIT

to riMiicc,

I

SI

m

K
I'

' J.mtt). J.,iirnal ni.^toriquo, pp. .April (!, 1(;s8,;uh1 tlicir cn,ir..nlnirnl

"•■■'-•■•"''*• cfLft SnIli'V(ic;it!i.

•For l,a Snllr's llo^lilit\■ to Al- ' .Foutri. .Iniininl lli-.i(,n.|U^'. j.p.

idno!!, ».■,■ i.'ucr (•:' l.ii Salli', ill if;so. :;."i;M;a.

(Tliomastiv. (i;'.)l<c.-io l'r:uif|UO do la - Tlirv r.'ac!,.'.! Ciui'lKc, .]v.]y 'T

L.msi.ims pp. l!);)--;(ll.) AWonv?. L,. t'N irq. ii., ■.,■,:■ Il,.ni„riM 'in

.hoaatlMirtSt. .I..MM.I1 ill 109O. II,. V.,v. ;r,i Xiu-d. v.. p. -Jlil, or •J'Jtli

had ronio to Canivia in 1 ':.>•, .^nd .lo„t,.l ,pp. :!(;i!-i),. ..mlwrUrd for

aa^r la'. ring at Tinv liivcivs nii.l FraiKv, .\iiuust 'M-\. ,11,.)
Mont: d, wont wosr. in Klii.-,. and • ,1, „;,.] ,,,,,. ]„. roacli.^d Rorli.-llo,

cniiiiniird ill that fioldlill liir^dealli. i-aliirday. (V'^olxr !). li'.s^^; and a

■^.Ii'Utrl, Journal llistoriiiii.'. p. nuMiioir of M. Plot, our ol tho lirirs

;?.■)•). La l.ontan ii..p. IMlmcnti m^ ,,f Ln Snilo, sav.s tho same c' <av

lliKir Kvrival „. Fort St. Jo8,.|.!i, lior. wlio roacijod riicbor, ,ln!v ■.;

MM

1

m

1 1 :»

I \^^ a

'H •>

I*;*

Mt'

■'.( '«■,!

112

lliSiuUV UK NKW 1 KANlK.

\Vll:ll liC-
Cillilrof till

PClllclllcUI
'.f.Sl.l.Mlis,

1687-90. Ill all piubtibility, hfid these gentlomen not boon obli.ijrd
^-^r^^' to winter among tlio Illinois, but reached Franco .a year
sooner, nietisures might have been taken to relieve 1 r
withdraw the little colony left by Mr. do la Sale at 8(.
Louis, among the C'lameoets ; but when they reached
Paris, they I'elt that it was too late to think of it; and,
had they thought of it sooner, it would have been boot-
h'ss. T1h> C'l.'imeoets were not long in learning the deatli
of the leader of the French, and ihf dispersion of his
party ; and, at a lime, when the settlers at St. Louis lea^-t
suspected it, they fell u]ion and massiicred them all, fx-
ci'pt the three sons of Talon, their sister, and a Parisian,
<if good family, Eustace de Breman, wiiom tlioy carrieil
olV to th<>ir village.'

An Italian, who had traveled IVom C'an,;da, by land, io
join de la Sd", and who undoubtedly would have been of
great service to him, by iidorming him of (he rout(^ he
should take to r.'ach th(> Micissipi, had Ik; reached that
huider in season, also saved his life by quite a curicnis
stratagem : As some Indians Mcn; prejiaring to kill him,
h'.> told lliem that they would do a great wrong to kill a
man v,]io l)or(! tliem all in his hearl. These v.^ords
astonishi.'d llio savages, and tlie ilalian assured them
tli;il, il ihcy wonld give him till next tlay, he would i!Oii-
viiice IIh'ui of the truth of his iissertion ; adding, that, if
l!(^ deceived them, they miL'ht do with him as they chose.
Wilhdul any dilliculty he obtained the ilehiy he sought;
•i!id. bavin;: adjusted a little mii'ror on iiis breast, he went

f.n.l Ici'i it, Aujr. ;iO. (Plct, .Mciiioiro ' JnuTroijaiioiis tiiiu'.^ i\ I'icviv ft
j'.Hii' Irs '.■uliuits I'l licriliri's tin siiui' Jean Talim, piirorilri' dv M. Ic Couui'

I'. 1''lit. Ms., Cavrl-iT kc]il up I'i-;
Ci'iiii'i'.iiiu'ut of till ^■:ll^•'s (i''aiii.

( Ili'lliiMVilli', in .\. ^ . e'n!. t)nC.. ix..

\\ AV.'i I J'A-cn ill rfiiiu'i', lie cuit
(M'lili'il it from tlic I'aiuiiv and civiiii
iirs of l,ii Salle for two vears, ami
rvliiiiij;' to Koiicn, to tiio house of

ill' !'oiilcliarti'ain, a lour arrivro di;
Vera Cruz, 1 \ Si'|it., Kills. .\!s.. An.
■"i ; H;,i.'i:i. Ijisiivo ('roiioloL;ieo |iani
!u hisloria li'' la l''loriila, p. '.'It") ;
Moi'li, Meiiiorias jmra la liistoria de
'I'rxas, M;s., Lib. :i, ),. 11 As nl-
v:u]\- remarked, In identifies the

Mndiine' Fortiii, n Cavelicr, died Clamiwts witli t!ie (.'ar.;iiea;;uace.s.
there. iV.ir,.)

lllSli)l;V OK NKW |.-|vAN('K.

113

I'.vciitiirps

uf SOIIU'

I'rciicliiiii'ii

to t!ii> Indians, wiio wore lanoli surin'iseil to spc tlioiu- 1687-90.
si.'lves, jis they supposed, iu the heart of this iiuui, and -^-^f-"^
tlicy spared his life.'

On the other hand, the Sjianiards of New Mi'xieo, vaiious
greatly alarmed by do la Sale's exjieditioii, resolved to '('.t'snim
leave uothiiij;- undone to defeat it. Tliey, at iirst, sent
five hundred men, wlio, on arrivinj^ anion-- the Ceiiis,
found Lareheveipie and the Itoehelle sailor, (Imllet, wiiom
they took prisoners." It is not known whether these two
men told t'.ieni ol' de la Sale's death;' but it is eertain tiiat
some limo after, anotlier party, of two hundred Spaniards,
arrived at the same jilaee, nieetinj,', on tiie way, ^[I'lnier,
and Peter Talon, bi'olhcr of tliose just nu'ntioncd, and
took them to the Cenis villa.^-e, wli('i-(> thev were; toh'rablv

'1 •

(4

1

9

' 'i'lii.i story Iiki'is ;i]'iicryiilml. Li'oii, nf tlic liisrov.Tv of tlip-''

ami is, I tliinh. older. Frciiclimcii. who attested I.a Snlle'.s

■ Accordiim to liiirci.'i. EiiBityo alii|i\vreck mid ruin. Dim Aloii/.u

Croiiologifo ])nra In Hi.-.|cirin de hi do Leon, (ioveriior of (.'oaluiilii, wh-;

l-'lorida, ]i. ','-^7, Itapliael lluitz. iui tiien sent (Ilaivia, 'iST-S); an!, in

l-;n<,''iislnnan. and a prisoner at lla- January, liif-O, set out fVoni Coa-

vaiia, in lOSS, assured tlie (ioviinor hiiila, accomi'anii'd Ijy Katlier Oa-

that the Kreiieli liad iinuh' a set ;le- iiiian, says jMorIi \\ 5-1) ri'aelied

iiient on tlie (iiilf of Mixico, uhii h F(jrt St. l.oiiis, Ajirii -Vt. and lound

li(^ liad visited, aud descrilie.l. On threo dead lioiIi,\s ainnn^- the niin-i

this, a fri.irati! was sent to Vera Cruz, (Carta, in Smilli, Cole, ,n de Docu

to inform tlie Viceroy, ilie Count nientos, \i. 'iXi \ I5ar.',;:. |ip. iJ'.ll-.-n.

(k' .Moni'Iova. Alter examining tlie They learneil that the iiiasMK r •

iiKiii, he.sent Pmiii Andrcrfde l'( s ill a took place tlirec ueiiths h.-fore,

lri;r.'ite aiidai! IS-oared l.'iiicca lo ex- afler tin' Frenidi lost one luindieil

plore. Tliey leit Vera Cruz, Mareli l,y siiiall -pox. tCarta, .^Iay is. \\'\\\K)

•,'■), IfiSS, and soon readied .Mobile ; .lames (irollet, and .lolm Larche-

IiereHiefriL'ntewassafelylaidup.and vimur'. df Bordeaux, two of livc> who

I lie f ■! urea, with twenty-livemen and wer.' aiiioncr the Indians, srave them-

ilie iMiulishmr.n. coasted aloiii;- .■ e; selves up (Hi., •,",).■)), ar.ii were taken

days, till they reiudicd tlie I'alieada, to Spain, when' it was decided to

or .Mississippi, and seem to have run fortily Peiisacola. Then, in I(!!)'^

up thirty li'agues. liiidiuj,' iio'lunji', I'cs, v.'itli Crollet and l.archev (|ue,

the Knirlishman was iiut in irons, explored the coast I'r.ini Ti n.-:iio!a

but suli.<equently tried iiK a pirate, to tlu' Missi.~-iippi, wliicli tiiev

niid Hi'ut to the galleys, liarcia re- leached May .">, Harcia. Ihi-avo

fcrs to the description made hy John ('roiiolocric. i, p, .'ia; ; .-ee l>i:;covirv

Henry I'.arrnto, the pilot. On the of llu' .Missi>si;'pi. p. Ol >. Chari,'

ISih of Se]itc>mher, .Mcjiiclova. and voix follows Ta!i ii,
t'ount (I'alves, who liaci come tore- "• It is evide;,;, from 'I'aion and

I'lace him. were informed, from Now liarcia, thai ihey <.\'A.
Vol,. 1V,-1.V

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114

IIISTOHY OF NKW I'liANCK.

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if)j!7-go. wi'11 trciit.'il. Willi llio fnir(> wore soiiio Fraiicisofiii IViiirs,
•-"'^ — who wislioil to sctllo amoi]^ tlicsp Indians. Sfciu;^;
that tho two Frenohracn, who nndovstooci tho hiuj,'uaj.'o
of tlio conntrv, niifj;ht be of great assistance to these new
niissionaiies, lliey tlionght it a ilutv to imlnce (lion, by
iniklness, to remain with those Fathers.'

This kind treatment induced Tah)n to tell them that his
tlireo bvotliers md a sister were slaves among tho Chim-
eoets ; and a detachment was at once sent olV for them,
lait the detachment could only bring the two Talons,
their sister, and tho Italian — the Clamcocts, who had tid<en
a liking for them, being very loth to give them up. Tlie
next 3'ear, two hundred and fifty Spaniards returned to
the same village, and drew from it John l>a])tist Talon
and Eustace de Ureman ; and, at first, led tliem io St.
Lcniis de Potosi, a city in Ni'w Mexico, and thence to
'^^<•xico, with tli(^ two othei' Talons and their sister ; and
t;ie Vieevoy took them all into his service."

LarehevH]ue and (Irollet had, at lirst, been sent to
S]iain, where they were compelh^l to re-endjark for Mexico
some time after. There, they were ])ut into prison, await-
ing an ;)eeasion to sen 1 them to Xew iMexico, a])parcntly
to work in the mines. Tlie Italian was traus]iorted to
Vera Cruz, where he was eonlint^d in prison ; and it is
very probal)le that he, too, left : only to be sent to the
mines. AY(> are not informed what became of Eustace
de Breman. He was, ])crhaps on account oi iiis youth,
treated iike the Talons ; for it is supposed that the reason
why these were betti^r treated llian the rest was, that they

i i

' 'rnloii. liitciTOLi'iitidnH.Ms. Hiuviii rcc(..-crc(l lln' Tiiliiii^. Ijcdii iiicri'ly

<locs nut mention tlhis socond cxijc- luiuvl i if other Frenclinien Ijpj-ond

(lit ion, (ir tlie'l'iilons ; but Mmli siijs i lie 'IVnus. Siiiilli, Colcciioii, |i. u'd.
timt Ddiirimo 'I'ifiiu lir los liios, 'rnloii, IntiTrogations, .Art. ."i

tiovcnmr (,r Cnnlniihi, set out tVnni IliervilleV note, diitcil KOI, s.iys tlial

Moiielovii. Miiy l(i, lli'.U, witli tit'teen all tlu' siirviviiin' Freiirh were res

r. liirioiis. iinil ten soldiers ; l)iit tlie iMied I'min tlie Indiiuis liy Don I'V.'in

soldiers, rmdincr winter too severe. I'iseo IM.'irtine. wlio cotnniniideil tin;

insisli'd on returning. 'I'l'.is imrty liisi t\v<i imrlies.

msioiiv oi-' m:\v I'-hanck.

llf)

were of an tigo wlicu tlicv could not liiivc acquired any i6S7-<;o.
knowledge ol the country, wlule the others were men — ^, —•
grown, who might e.se;i|)e, and give inteIHgence in Franco
of wliat tliey liad observed in tlieir various journi'ys.

At tile end of eigiit years, tlie lliree eldest of the
Talons, being of an agn to liear arms, wore enrolled in
tlic Armadilla, and shii)])ed on the Christo, which was the
N'ice-Admiral. This shi[) was taken in Ki'Jii by the Chev-
alier des Augiers; and the three brothers, having thus
recovered their liljerty, rtiturned ij France ; and it was
from them that all the circumstances, just related, wvnt
hjarucd. It was, subsequently, ascertained, that tla;
N'iceroy of Mexico, who had retained near himself their
youngest brother and ilieir sister, having been relieved,
took them both to ^jjaiu with him.'

Such was the disastrous result of au enterprise, which
many circumstances contributed to defeat. It would,
a[)|iiirently, have had, at least, a portion of the succt'ss
expected from it, had there been in view only a settlement
at tiie uiouth of tho Micissipi, as many people were per-
suadrd; for it is certain that de la Sale, seeing himself
cast ashore in St. Bernard's IJay, and ere long convinced
that he was west of the river he sought, might- -had he
iio design but [o find it — at the time of his tirst j(juni('y to
the Cenis, have obtained guides from those Indians, since,
in the sequel, they gave guides to Joutel ; but he was
desirous of approaciung the Spaniards, to obtain inforina-
li(ni in regartl to tiie mines of Sanl.i Barbara; and, in
-endeavoring to do too much, he not only did nothing at
all, but ruined himself, and was lamented by none.'

What (Ir

Icalrd

:\ Sali^'.st!ii

t('i|iris(.'.

1

■H

i-^i

■II

■ Taloa. liiiri'nijratinn:-. M>. liiin U) liavo In en. a^ an (xplnrrr, of

■ 'I'liis iiii-a ol' iharlrvdix is nji- Uic iniuns! iiicaiiacitv. lii (Ivxi-ml-
lii'ld by llciiiii-'piii, in liif Nnuvclli' iiitr 'lit' Missi>si|i|.i, lio iiM-nlv tdl-
Dccouvi'i'tc; but, in l.ii Salle's actual lnwrd \hv ciiir'riu a shurt distanct:
I'Dsition, sei'ins wild, iia he liail mi lievoiid Mar(|ih'tte and .luliei's limit,
force lij co]ie with the I'celjlesl I,efi lo his own i-esoiirces, lie showed
Spanish setthnncui. In fact. Iiis no enerj^y, skill, or judgment. After
course, after hi.s shipwrecli, shows discovering' the fVni.-. lie should

ri

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y

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■M

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Hi: : f

r I'

IIG

IIISTOUV <.)1'' MiW I'UANCE.

i687-(yo. Wlini it wiis soon what dofoutcMl his onterpriso, iiotlilii^

— . — ■ was (>asii>r than to prolit l)y liis faults to carry ont tlxi

liiiiritiori'i icallv solid pari of his i)roieft : liiat is to say, to socuro

(HI Mr. '- ...

(If III siiuv (li(> whole course^ of the Mioissipi ; us it was of very ttroat

iniulllcl. . ' " "

iiiiixirtaiici' tor us to liavo a scltU'inciit in that part of
Florida, wcro it only to ^ivo us a crnisiiij,' statiou in tho
Gulf of Mexico, and to strcui^'tlion tli.' iVonticra of Now
F^'ancc in tlH> direction of the Ji]ii<,disli colonies. It was
even as nnich to the interest of tlaj Spaniards as of our-
selves to put tins ])arrier beyond iiisul(,as they niif^hl well
li.i\c' foi'',!^ ". n that the English, masters of one part of
ancient J''rei:ch Florida, to which they had given tho name
of Carolina, would not halt there; but, step by step,
woidd p;idi (heir settlements down to St. Augusthie, as has
I'li'.ily hapj "IK d by tin; settlement of New Georgia; that
Ihencc! Id iiH' Aricissipi, nothing could long stop them ;
that it would then be easy for them to cross that great
rivei', and give them nuich trouV'e in Old and New Mexico :
when as, if tluy found the French on the banks of the
Jlicissipi, the jealousy of these two nations, naturally
incomj'atiiile, '.vould insure their safety.

But men's minds in France were still so preoccupied
with the mines of Santa J3arbara, that they long obstinately
clung to the desh'o of realizing la Sale's chimera. They
even liaiiered themselves, soon after his death, that they
had succeeded by an intrigne, set on foot with the Count
do Pinalossa. This resource faiUng — a])parenlly l)ecauso
the Count raised his pretensions too high, and because
there was no security on cither side — the charm, it seems,
vanislied. Philip V. had ascended the Spanish throne, so

liiivc sent Hoiii'' on, to liiid the MU- i)i'oili,iriously ovcrmtiil : luid tlint lo

sissiplii, iis tlicy would I'iiriily have iictiuil in(.'n|iu'ity, nil Ids inisfor-

iloni', iind tlioii brought uii all liiw tuurs .iru |roM,>ily to bo nscrib<'d.

men from iMivt St. Louis; but it is IIo Wiu . do;llltIl•^s. :i ]iri-suusive

i'vidriit that 111' scut out no cs- iind id!iiriu^- tal

■ttini' forth

;ilorir.-, only went on, in a sorl ol his jiiojrcts, tbMnj;Ii vt\i r\y iiicapa
: iMud horoic way, wiih no fixed bio n/ inii'yiir.r omi v\. n ilii- bini
[iur|io,.-i'. To mo, ho srcins a man i^h ■<;

1IIST0I5V (»!•■ NHW KUANCK.

11^

thill the court of Franco would not have pcriiiittod the S| mii- i (^^ ; ■)o.
i.mis in America to bo nioh;st<ul ; but, after the death of """v—-
Louis XIV., the phin iirojiosed in the Council of the ile-
^eiicy, namely, to plant a strong colony in Louisiana,
t'liabled some adventurers to ])r(jtit by the disagree-
ments that ensued bei-'reen the courts of France; and
Hpain, and revive the project of the Sicur do la Sale. On
the faith of some apocryi)hal relations,' they indulged
the hope of soon pouring into the kingdom, treasures
which never exi.sted, except in tiie heated imaginations of
some men ; ■ I this new enchantment ])roduced still more
di'plorablo results' than those we have just seen. We
shall have occasion to speak of them in the course of this
history, of nhich it is time we resumed the tiiread.

' .Mludinir, iii'iinnutly, to Sngcan. •' 'I'his, ot'coiiiVL-, iiUiiJis to l.ftw's

Sft; Kxiniit elc In IJi.'lii'.iun des Avnn- Minsissiiipi ]ii-ojc('t.

turos rt Voviipcs (ii' Miitliicu Siip'aii, IJcs'ulcij tlio ri'l'mMici's iilrrudy

New '\'iirk. I>*1). |iriiilc(l in an iib nivcii, tlio ri'uder iiiiiv, iii rrl:itiiiii

riilu'iid I'oriu ill till' .MiTcuriMiiilaiit, to Uiitrl, thi' ^ail(l^, ami liis mhi,

NovimbiT, ITU. Ilisidrical .\laga- si'-' i'.vb..u. i'. l'.'").
■/.iiii' iv., 1"J8 ; X., (ip. (il-").

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BOOK X 1 \'.

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)iisiiM{> oK m;\v nuNtK

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r^ o o K X 1 \'

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1\ the position ill wliicli tlic Coniit do l'"roiitt'iuu' found i6<;o.
the allairs nf Now Fmiico on liis n'suiiij)tion of tlio (icii- -^ r"^
vral (iiivciiiiii.iil, we hiivo socii, ;\l the close of Book XTI,
how iin|iortiiiit it whs to ;,'ive tho Kii.ulisli omploymout at
liomc, and ivstoio the vopntalioii of tlic I'rcm-li anus in tho
minds of thi> ludiaiis. It was tho solo moans <if hunililiiif,'
tho insolence of the Iroquois, and niakin;^' them nioro
tractable, by showiufj; thoin that tlioy must not rely so
much ou tho assistance of tlie CJovcrnor of New York.
In this way, our allies, seeing us chanf<o au ill-managed
defensive to a vigorous otlensive, could not but resume
their former sentiments of esteem for our nation ; or, at
least, ajiprehend that their new alliance with our enemies
would entail ui)on them, at our hands, the very wo(>s that
they sought to avoid by abandoning our interest, and t'\u3
bind them to us more closely than ever.

'i'ho Count do Frontenae, having formed his plan ou this Fiomcnac's
principle, began hy notifying de la Durantaye, who still com- ,„',;'i7,r'p,.
niaiided at Michillimakinao, that he could assure the Hu- '•■"'"'"'•
r( ms and Ottawas that they should shortly see a great change
in affairs. He was, at the same time, preparing a large con-
voy to roinfoi'co that post, and taking steps to raise three
corps,' \,liieli were to enter tlu' Enghsh territory by three
diO'erent routes. The lii-st was formed at Montreal, and
was to be composed of ontt hundred and ten men,"
French and Indians, commanded by Lieutenants d'Aille-

' Canndn Doc. I!., v., p. yi. Iroquois, sixtwn AlijrniuniiiH, tlio

■■' Di! Monscignat, Uflatioii, &c., rest French ; and Lo C'lcrcq, Kliib-

ICSO-OO. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 40('>. lisscmont di- la Koi, ii., pp. ;iS7-8,

says two hundred and ton, eighty also savs two hundred and ten.
Vol.. IV.— 10.

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Expedition

asaiiiBt

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niK'tndy.

iiisToiiv III'" m:\\ I'UANn.'

Iidiit (!<' Mimli I ' mill Ir Mux ik- dc Siiinlf Hclciit>, uiidi i
wlioiii I\rcsHis. (!(' 1I( |uiili;.'ii_\ ,' (rilicivillc, (Ic IJ'mrcpoH, do
1ft IJrosso, mid d«' ^l()iiti(,'iii, dcsin-d ti) Hcrvi* iis voluntoiTH.

Tliis ])nily wuh soon ready, and took tin) lidd' hcforo it
lii\il dclilx rati'd in Avliicb dirfction to turn its iirni.s. Jt
was iidcndofl, ^'cnomlly, for Now York ; bnt tlm (-'oiint do
I'roiitt'niic had left to the two coniiniindftntH the choice r)f
tin! ])Ost which tlicy wcri' to attack, and tliry deemed i(
(idvisablo to announce notiiin^,' till they had nearly entered
the enemy's (eriitory. It was, aeeoi'din^dy, only after four
or live days' march thai they lield a council as to what
was to ho done : tho French inclimd to luarch straij,dit on
Orani,'e (Alhany), hut the Indians rejected the jiroposal
totally, aud cue of them asked, shice when lliey IkuI j^rown
so bold.

The reply was, that if tho Freuch had shown auy weak-
ness iu the past, they wished to redeem it by takinjjf Oranjijo,
or j)crish in tho attempt ; but that he erred, iu attrihutiuf^
to cowardice the c<Jurso pursued by tho Fi'ench the last
few years; that (h?siro for peace had alono induc(>d them
to remain in that inaction, which had given our allies occa-
si(m to insult us, only because they failed to pcuetrato tho
motive ; and that if they had received some checks, it was
because they liad relied too implicitly on tho good faith
of the English and tho Iroquois ; bu*^^ that he should see
that th(! French had never lack(!d eon o.

The Indians, aware of all the di Hculties attending an
attack on Albany, persisted in their opposition, and tho
council broke u]), without coming to any decision. Thoy
continued their march till they reached a spot where two

' NiclioliiH d'Aillclioust, Sicur de " Hppentignydo Montosson. N.Y.

JInnt<'lit, the lit'th sou of Charles Col. Doc, is., p. 400. Uc la Pntlim-iy

(rAillilioiist, Sicur lies MussentiN. cuIIk him by the liUtcr name. Ilist.

was born in 1003 (Uiiuiel, I'nc Page tie rAin. Sfjjt., iii., p. 'is.

de Notre llistoire, p. '.207), ;iiul was '• 'Die party siurted, from Mon-

killcd in lliidsou's Hay, in llu'.l treal, early iu T'luiiary. N.Y. Col.

Charlovoix, ilist. do la N. F.
p. 340.

Doc, ix., p. 400 ; Le Clercq, Ktab
littemeiit de la I'oi, ii., p. 3bT.

lllS'l'nllV (»K NKW I-IIANCK

vikkIh nuil : i>iio loading to Anmny, tlin other to Holiciin;-
tiidy (CorliiD ; tlion Miinti't, wlio tlcspaiml of rliaiij,'ijjj^
tlic opiiiiiiii ')!' Ills ftllics, proposed to attack Selienoet.uly,
and tliey a^'i'eiHl. Tliey at ouoo took tlio roiid loadin;,' to
that town, riid for iiiiio dayH tho forco had much to sutVer.
All were ou foot, somotiraes kneo-doop in water ; oftcui,
indeed, they had to hreak tlio ico to find a place to step ;
and, moreover, tho cold was inteiiHc.'

One afternoon,' ahont four o'clock, our braves arrived
within two leagues of Schenectady ; hero tho (Iroat Mo-
hawk, chief of tho Iroquois of Sault 8t. Louis,* iiarangued
them with great eloquence, speaking with an authority
acquired, not only over tho Indianw, but even over the
French, liy his great services to tho colony, actions of
admirable conce))tion and heroic valor, eminent virtue,
f'ud untiring ze.il for religion. He ixhorted them all to
forget past hardships in tho hopo of avenging tho evils
sutt'ered the last lew years, on tlu! perlidious J'^nglish, wiio
wore tho i.iain authors of all. Tnoy could not, lie added,
doubt of Heaven's assistance against tho enemies of God,
and in so just a cause.

They liad scarcely resumed their march, when tiiey fell
in with four Indian women, who giivo them all the infornm-
tion required to approach the jilaco securely. (liguicre, a
Canadian, was detached at once, with nine Indians, on a
scout, and discii.uged ids duty j)erfectly. Unperceived, he

198

1A90.

1

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' l)i' Monsi'ifjmit, Hclulinn, &c.,
1fis!)-U() ; N. Y. t'ol. Hoc. ix., pp.
■liWi-T ; Lo ("Icrocj, Etul)lissi'mci\t dc
III Foi. il., p. 388.

• Snlunlny, Kcbrimiy S, C). S. ;
Schuyler, in SiiiitliH History of Now
York, 1", p. ()(! ; N. Y. Ducuiiirutnry
llitstory, i., I). l!ll ; Ccilili'ii'.-i History
(if till' Five NatioiiH (London IMi-
tion>, p. Ill; Matlicr'.s Magniiliu,
Book vii., p. 0.':^.

' Tilt' Iroijuois of this village liail
remained at La Prairio do la Magde-

li'ir.c till the .Mnssacrr of I.nrliinp*
After that cheek, they ri-tireil to
-Montreal, where they remained
sometimo.f At lawt, a litth before
the departure of this party, they
H'ttled op])osite Sault St. I-ouih,
[('/iiirltriiij'.) ^'I'lii.e is wroii^'. 'I'hey
left La L'rairie in |(i7i!. and settled
nl Portiii,'!' liiver, iii'nr the pr.'seiit
cross of Catharine Tehf^nlikwitu.
Helation, lliTli. Here they reinainod
till after lUSIi. + N. Y. Col. Doc. ix.,
pp. 138, 441

i

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lllSTO'.iV OF NKW KHANCE.

I 690,

!M1 )

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' 5

Tin- p.iicc
surpriseil

iiiid
carried.

recoimoitfii'od (■v-licnoctady, loisuroly, and retm-iirrl to the
force, whicli wMs only a loap;no distant. It was at first
proposed to dolVr the attack till in(n-nin^' ; bnt the (jxccs-
sivo cold clian,!j;ed their plan. They resolved to march at
once, and attack on avrivinj^.'

Schenectady was almost rectangular in form, and was
entered by two gates : one leading to Albany (Orange),
which was only six leagues off; the other opening on the
main road, where our men were. Tlio order of attack
was thus arranged : Mantet and Sainte Heleue took
charge of the second gate, which the Indian women had
assured them was never closed, and which they, in fact,
fonnd o])en. D'Ibervillo and llepentigny moved to tlio
left, to take possession of the first gate ; but they conld
not find it, and rejoined Mantet : so that there was only
one attack.

The gate selected for assault was not only open, but
totally unguarded f and, as it was night, the whole party
entered, uuperceived by any of the inhabitants." The two
commandants at lirst separated, in order to r(>counoitro
all points at once ; and, as they had enjoined strict silence,
they met again at the other end of the town, without any
movement being perceived. Then a yell was raised in
Indian style, and each one struck where he Avas. Mantet
attacked a kind (jf tort, where he found tin: garrison in
arms. Here the resistance was (juite vigorous ; but the
door was at last forced, the English all piit to the sword,
and the fort reduced to ashes.* Few houses in the towiv

' Do Slonsoignat, Uelation, &c.,
1089-00 ; N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., ]>. lliT ;
Lu t'lcrcq, EtiibllssiMiunt do la Foi,
ii., p. 388. Do la Potherlc, Hiptoiro
de VAiii. S<'[it., iii., 07, begins lion-
nliniptlj- ; oiuiltilifr, cvidontly, ]^;\rt.

• JCntry in Mortj^airo Book 15,
Albany ; N. Y. Uoc. Hist., i., [i. Ijiy ;
Coldon, History of the Five Nations
(Lnn.lou Eilition\ p 11."); Smith's
ni.--ti)rv III' Now V.irU, I ', p <:'■'. <]:■

inft Col. Scliuylcr'a lottcr, Feb. 10.
1US!I-!I0.

■' 'I'liey arriviil at 1 1 P. M., in night
of tlio town, after twenty-three days'
march. Lo Clorcq, Etahlissement dp
la Foi, ii., p. ;!88-t) : X. Y. Col. Doc,
ix.,p. 40T; Scluiylor says on Feb. 8,
O. S., after twenty-two days' inarch.

* Do Monsoignat, N. Y. Col. Doc,
ix.. (v lUT ; Do la I'dtlierio, iii...
pii. ii.->-!).

11

IIISTOin- OF NEW FHANCK.

125

were defciulcd. Moiitigni tilono was stopped at one ; tuid, 1690.
iis lie persisted in endenvoring to enter, received in the --^r""
arm and bodv two blows with a partisan, which put him
hors dc combat ; but Sainto Heleno coming u]i, the door
was forced, and 3Iontigni's -wounds avenged by the death
of all who were shut up iu the house.'

It was soon only massacre and pillage ; but, after two
liours, the h adei s thought it necessary to place gur.rds at
all the avenues to prevent surprise, and the rest of the
nin-lit was s])ent in refreshing themselves. Mantet had
"iven orders to spare the minister, whom he wished to take
prisoner; but ho was killed without being recognized, and
all his papers were burned.' Coudre,' Mayor (,f the place,
escaped across the river, and seemed preparing to en-
trench himself with his servants, some soldiers, and In-
dians, who had followed him. The Commandant sent to
sunnnon him at day-break ; and as they did not wish to
hijure him, because he had, on several occasions, acted
very humanely to the French, d'Ibervillo and the Great
JMoiiiiwk umlertook to summon him. They not only pr(mi-
ised him quarter, but also assured him that they would
touch nothing belonging to him. On this pledge he laid
down his arms, followed the two deputies to kSchenectady,
alter troiiliiir Ihcm hospitably ; and they strictly adhered
to all they had promised.'

One of the first cares of the chiefs, when they saw them-

' IS'iirnuivc of Occurrences, lilSi)-
iiO; N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 4(18; Le
Clorcq. Ktablissenient de la Foi, ii.,
\,\\ 8i)-00.

-' NaiTati'-e of Occurrences, 1089-
!iO: N. Y. C ol. Doc, is., p. 408; Do
hi Potiiin-ie, iii., p. 00. This cleiiry-
man was Kev. Peter Tnssi maker, a
naiive of lloUancl. lie had previou^'-
ly 1,'een at Khiirston, and Newcastle,
i)el. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 108.

' John Sander.s <ilen. O'CalUighiiii,
in N. Y. ' 'ol. Dof., ix., p. 40.S (note);

Sehuyler. in f>initii, |i. 07. De la I'o
therie. iii., ji. 09, writes " Cendre, "
which th{! copyist of the Froiicli
doeunients wrote iJondrc, and Char
levoix's printer transformed into
" Coudre."

' Narrative of Occurrences, 1089-
1)0: N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 408;
Frnntenac, ( 'anada Doc. 11., v., p. 83 ;
De la Potheric, Hist, de I'Air.. Sept.,
iii., p. 69; N. Y. Doc. History, i., p.
191 ; Colden's Hist. Five Nations, p.
11. -J.

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inSTOIiY OK NKW FRANCE.

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1690. solves complete niiisters, was to stave in the barrels of
"'*'"~^ liquor, I'or fear the Indians slioukl beconu? intoxicated.
The houses were then set on fire, only the Mayor's being
spared, with that of a widow, to which Moutif;ni had been
carried. There were about forty, all well built, and well
furnished ; and no plunder was taken, except what could be
readily carried away. Life was granted to sixty, chiefly
women, children, and old men, who had escaped the first
fury of the assailants, as Avell as to thirty Iroquois, who
were recognized: the object being, to show the cantons
that the French struck only at the English, whose loss was
estimated at 400,000 livres.'

They were too near Albany to remain long in the ruined
town. The army decamped about noon. The booty ; Mon-
tigni, who had to be carried ; the prisoners, to the number
of forty ; and, after a time, want of provisions — as they had
neglected to provide siifficiently, — greatly retarded the
march homeward. Several even would have starved to
death, had they not hail tifty horses, of which only six
were alive w;h'>n the victors reached Montreal on the 27th
of ]\rarch. 'Hiis uearth of food had even compelled chem
to scatter. Some were attufkcd ; three Indians and six-
teen Freuchnion were killed or taken ; so that want of
forcf.is'i: cost this party much more dearly than the attack
on Se-iicnectady, where they lost only one Frenchman and
one Indian."

I N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., i>. 0!) ; De la
rotheric, lli:-toiro dc rAun'riqun
Scpt.,iii.,i'i). li'.i-TD. La Ilontan pives
a slinrt accmmt ot' this cxiu'ditioii.
Voviigos i., p. 'JOI ; ]a' Clcrcq. Etali
liHHciucnt d(! la Foi, ii., ;JS!)-Ii0. He,
says tUcy sparod ninety ; the Narra-
tive, lii'twren fifty and sixty. Thu
"la.^tot'y' people kild and destroy-
ed, y<- l»tli day of February. KiS,"
makes sixty killed, including a
French girl, prisoner, and a Mo-
lia\vk ; those carried off, twenty-
t-even X, V. Doc. Hist., i., pp. 1110-1.

Coldon'8 History of the Five Nations,
London ed,, p. 115, says sixty three
killed, twenty-one Ciirried oU'.

•' He Jilonseiguai, Kelation de ce
([ui s'estpass' ; X.i". Col. Doc., ix . p.
W< : Canada Doc, II., v., p. 8i. Char-
levoix is careless in his figures. The
narrative says thirty per.sons, and
makes sixteen horses get through.
'I'he English sent one hundred and
forty Mohawks and Mohegaus, un
lier Lawrence, in pursuit. N. Y.
Documentary History, i., j). l'.)l.
Leisler, in a letter to the Bishop f)f

HISTOHV UK NI'.'A' 1I!A.\( K

V27

In tlio miiuls of tho Imliaus tliis expedition fully ro- 1690.
stored tho ro])ut;ition of the French anus ; but tho joy it ^~> '
producod in tho colon v was soou dash 1 hv ouo of those EiTiit pro-

accidents, not to bo forescciu, which dunrivcil us of tho iiii3 uou-

.... i(i"'*t-

vory man, in all the world, whom it was most vitally im-
portant for us to ])reserve, situated as wo wOiO, and wliich
tended to array our most faithful allies in arms against
each other, at tho time when we had most need of uniting
them all against our enemies. Thus it happened :

Lieutenant Tilly do 15eauvais, and seconded Lieutenant iiiir Mh-t
La Brosse — tho same who had served at Schenectady — e:ich otuei'

. , witlioiu i-L'-

determined, with four other Frcnclimcu, to raise a party coirnizhii;.
of Christian Iroquois, of whom tho Great Mohawk as-
sumed command. They embarked at Montreal,' and de-
scended tho St. Lawrence to the Sorel lliver. On tho
2(jth of May, their scouts heard some musket-shots, and
soon after perceived two iield-cabms, containing fourteen
Iro(iuois. These they attacked, and captured to a man.
From them they learned that, on tho route they wort;
keeping— and Avhich led to an Enghsh fort, that they de-
signed attacking — they would iind a party these Indians
had recently loft, and which comprised more than thirty
men, without reckoning women and children.

This news gave great pleasure ; but, when they least ex-
pected it, they fell into an ambuscade. They cut through
it, however, gallantly, killed four men and two women,
and took forty-two prisoners, eight of them Englisl)."
Learning that seven hundred Mohegans awaited thoni
a day's march further on, they judged it best to retreat,
not being strong enough, and being too much iucumherod
with their prisoners to expose themselves to the risk of so
unequal a struggle. What induced them to take a dif-

Ssilisbury (ib., p, l9o) says tln^y ' lii cauojs, on tlic IStli. Di,' la

kill'jil Iweuty-flve of the French ; Pothorii', lIiMtoiru du rAmeri'iuo

thougli Van t'urtlandt, to Andros Septentrionalf, iii., p. 81.

(il)., p. 194| says Hfti'cu ; Smith's • Kii'j;lish woiiirn. licUitiond.' sf

History of New York, p. C(i, tiays, qui a'cst pati.si', I(i8i)-!I0; N. V. Cil.

killed or ti.ok, twenty-five. Poc., is., p. 17:1 ; Canada Doe.. I., iv

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128

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1690.

Dcjitli of
tl Greut
M' lawk.

IIISTOUV UF NKVV I'UAN'c •!•'.,

fercnt route li'tnieward from tliiit they lind c mic, I ktion
not ; but it wns to cost tliom dcur.

On the 4tli of Jiine they found tliinnsolvt^s, at noon,
on tlic banks of Sahnon Piivcr, which empties into Lake
ChampLiin. As thoy Lad left their canoes at some dis-
tance from this point, they deemed it most (expeditious to
make new ones; r .id, without loss of time, set to work.
In the evening, at the time when they were ut prayer
together, they were discovered by a party of Algouquins
and Abenaquis, also out on the war paili -'Mrainst the Eng-
lish. These, taking them for enemies, attacked th(!m in tlie
morning before day. The Groat Mohawl; was killed on
the spot with one of his men ; six other Iro(piois, two
French aen, and two English slaves, were wounded, and
prisoners takeJi on both sides.'

Tlien it was that thoy recognized each other. The
ra-isnic'iit ..n regret on both sides was extreme ; biit the Irocjuois, in-
ivnd liow lu" consolable f(n- the death of tJieir chief, refused to set at
himsi'ii. liberty the; prisoners whom they had taken. This refusal
irritated the others, a bitter feeling ensued, and every
thing was to be feared from this mutual resentment. The
Count de Frontenac needed all his prudence and xbility to
quell the rising storm ; and he succeeded after much nego-
tiation. It was, at last, arranged that the aggressors
should send deputies with a belt to Sault St. Louis, to
j)rotest that the whole aft'air was accidental, and to ask
for tlieir l)rotlircn ; that their protestation should be well
receive i, and all the prisoners exchanged. The Abenaqui
orator, wiio was si)okosmau, used the most sensible and
touching terms, and eoneludod by showing tliat the\'

Fronton

.ic's cniljar-

W -i!

' Itrlation, &c., KISO-'.M): N. Y. iinqai, and had Ix'on a sluvo in lio;--

(\)\. Doc, IK., 11. -173; Canada Hoc, ton (Hook ii., \). OK), coiumandL-d

I., iv., 1)1'. ;i(J.J-47I; IX! la Pothcric, Ids tribcnici; at Salmon Falls, an. I,

Hist, do rAinLTiquo Sept., iii.. ]). .*>-; proliably, on tins occasion. Sip

i., \\ ;!4T. .Mathi^r, in Ids Mairiialia, Pii'dick Occurrcncis, Boston, Scp-

givi'S till' lU'Hth of lIopoliooJ ill tlds tcinbcr 'i't. I0'.)l), in llifltorical .^Ia;;a-

way : lloi'c'.uiod, who was an Abe- zinc, i., p. ',';iO,

i: I'

i I

:\

niSTUUY OK NKW KUANCIv

ftliotild 'j^'wr. tlio (lopai'tcHl theii' tears, witlioiit iIistiu-1)tiiiL'o,
a I'rieinlsliip wliicli was touiuled on volition alono.

Tho Gi'oat Mcjhawk was not less deploi'od by tlio rrencli
than by his eountrynieu, and it was tlic niissionariis vho
most of all rosivttod this loss. This neophyte was himself
a zealous missionary ; and, on tho plan wliicli he adopted,
would perhaps, had his life been spared a few years, have
converted his whole canton. His conversion to Christian-
ity had been tlic v "ivk of God alone. Ho did not yet know
any Jesuit, and had scarcely hoard our religion spoken of,
when, by an impulse over which ho seemed to have no
control, ho felt moved to visit his brethren, who bad
settled at La Prairio do la Magdelcuic. Yet lie would
not go alone : ho imparted his design to several Mohawks,
and as many as fifty volunteered to accompany him.'

They were extremely surprised to see their countrymen
transformed, so to speak, into other mcu ; all that they
observed in tho town charmed them, and they declared
that they woidd not leave it. They were instructed ; the
word of God found in them docile hearts, and they wore
liaptizcd. Their example and words drew many others ;
;uid tho Great Mohawk, especially, was so penetrated with
the holy lire that makes apostles, that, down to his death,
he never ceased laboring to obtain adorers for the true
God. Heaven blessed his labors, even lieyond his hopes.
Yet with this he ovoi; maintained tho high reputation he had
accpiired in war ; and it was out of esteem for his personal
merit, and still more for his virtue, that tlio I'rench gave
him the name, under which alono ho is known, in tho me-
moirs of that period,

The Abenaquis and Algonquins,. whose error had such
fatal results, had quite recently arrived from Acadia, where
they had been greatly distinguished in an expedition, no

' Do la PothtTio, llistoiro do Shea's Catholic Missions, pp. 'JTl-

rAmi'ririui' Septentrionak', 1., pp. 2'J'J. IIi: (ivoi throw tlit' Mohctran*

U47-iJ ; Uclation do la N. F., 1072-3, (Do la I'othorio, p. olTi. and is

p. .'io ; — Ifli^-ll, p. 143; Mission do ovidontly the Kryn of Kjglish

St. Xavi'i- do.^ I'K.'i., IPTI, M.", , ticcouuts
Vi.L, IV. — K

129

1 690,

i

v> i> 1

i4

L i

m

t* ■ 1/

:f..t ■

3fL

130

lUSTOUY OV M-;\V |-|!A.\(K.

1690. Iti-s sncoossful or lioiioviil)]'! to IIk; Fn^ucli than lliii>

^— >-— ' n;.':iin,-;t S'-lu'iicc't.uly. Mr. iU'. I'mntonno, Jis I luivo 10-

Miiir niMkiul, had, during tiio wiiter, formed throo purtics to

111 I'll'I'rtCX- 1 n ]• 1 • .

I'cdiiioii. enter the Liiujlisli territory at tlio .Siiiuo tnuo, in tlireo dit'-
fcnut directions. Tlint intended to aet agiiinst New
York, and wliicli took elleot at Selieneetady, had been
i"iii.-;cd at IMontreal ; tlie other two Avcro raised in the Gov-
emnients of Tiireo llivers and (Jueboc : tlu; Cniueral intend-
ing, in this way, to ereate an einukitiou between these par-
ties, wliieh seldoin fails to produee a good effect, wlicn n'A
otli'-r eonsidei'ations are carefully exchuled, as well as
every thing that tends to ik'gradr a laudable emulation
into a ]'( ruicious jealousy.
s.-iiiciitiis TI.e (lovcrnment of Three l\ivers wa^, at this time, verj-
' iiui thinly-settled, and could raise only lifty-two men, including
' '* "^ '' live Algonrjuins and twenty Sokokis ;' but tlicy were led by
a colonial otlicer, to whom the conduct of au enterprise of
this nature could bo most fitly confided ; this is the testi-
mony 1 101 no liim hy the Count do Frontenae, in a letter
writli 11 a I tho time to Mr. do Scignelay. This oilicer was
the (Sieur Hcrtcl, whoso captivity and virtues have already
been noticed.' In the little troop under his command, lio
had three of his sons, and two of Jiis nei)hews : tlie ISieur
Crovicr, Seigneur of Saint Fr:uicis; and the SieurGati-
ncau.

Ho set out from Three Eivers on the 28th of January ;
struck inland, due ':;^uth, leaving Lake Chamiilain on his
left; then inclined eastward; and, aAer long ar,d severo
marching, arrived, on the 27tli of March, ncnr i<n Englisli
town, called Scmentcls," which Ik^ had ivcomioiten.d )>y his

' \)v .Monr^cifruat, UoUuiiiu <h ce
i;iii s'oBt paHs:', &c., IfiS'.M.'U; IS. V.
Col. Dnc, ix., [). in ; Pe la I'otlu'ii",
llistoiro do l'.\iii('i'j(|ur !S(']it., iii., p.

iliiV,l:> V.rr,' C. UlllUUHli (i \,y lIo])(;
h.:o,i,

■■' Anti'. \ol. iii,, p. 1;! ; MauuiuU,
ilia;-, (lo.i .-VbrnrJiis, p. '.(.i), ii. Frmi..

^;3 ; Lo C'K'i'O'i, Kialilisscim nt <lo ci» llcrtul, Sit-iii'iii'CliniuMy, (li!.'il al

la Foi, ii., p. 'Mi') : W iiVuii.i.si.n, Hint.
Maino, i., i'. (ilS; liclkiiui.V liist.
New Ihnuii.-liirc, i., 'Ji,'?, .-.iv:' 'lir lu-

llouchcrvilic, ^!ay 'JU, K','.'. Daniiil,

I'ln,' I'iige i!f N'oivi' H!:-t.-,;r,.', [i. I'l'.i

^ This phr.f, tliL-n cailvd i^aliuui'.

I

' -If

IIIS-!Mi;V ol- N|-\V |-U,\N<'|.;

scouts. Tlioii li(M]ivi.l. .1 iii- Laiiil I'litu llircc: tlr^ (Iixt, rM.ii-
sisting of lii'tccii iiioii, litul ordrrs to iittiufk a liir^o i'.ii lii'icd "
liouso ; tlic second, •.•(Uiiiirisiu^- only cli'Vi'ii iiicii, lie sent to
si'izc a siiickadi' I'diI, wiHi rouv biistimis ; tlic lliird, uliicli
lio coiamaiiilc.l in iicvson, was iiitciidi'd to aliack aiintlicr
,'111(1 lar^'cr I'ort, luouutcd with artillery.'

All this was carrli^d out ■\vitli a, skill and hrav.'ry wliicli
astonisliud the Euj^lish ; thoy, at lirst,Kho\vod a ]n\ il \ iiold
iVont ; liut they could I'.ot stand the first lire of the assail-
ants : the bravest Avcro cut to pieces, and the rest, to the
number of fifty -four, were made jirisoners of war. It cost
the victors only one .F)'enchmau, who had his thit,'h broken,
.'ind died tho next day. Twenty-seven houses were }e-
duccd to ashes, aud two tlmusand head of cattle perished
in the stables, which were llred." Senuuilels was only six
leagues from quite, a largo town in Neu" England, called
Poscadovii't,' which was able to send out a force sulUcjieiit
to surround Hertel, aud cut oli' his ivtn.'at. In fact, on the
evening of the same day, two Indians came to warn him
that two liuudred men were advaucing to attack him. Ex-
jiecting this, he had taken his measures to didVat those of
the enemy, lie arranged his men in fighting order, on

];ii

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i

Kallr), is iKiw licrwirk, N. II. N. Y.
Col. IJoc, ix., p. 4T1 ; Williuinwon'H
MaiiK', i., p. (il8; Dr hi rotlifrk', Hist,
do rAiiu'ri(|iu' Sep* , iii., p. 70, calls
it '■I'l'iutMirnls,'' aiidl>i!('lcirii (ii..p.
;iiil). "Si'iiU'litals"; aiul I ha 1 alwavs
cciusidcruJ ''Sumcntcls" a l''ivm-li cor-
niptidii of Salmon Falls, like " Kas-
ki'bt;," for Caseo 15ay ; "Muniinilin,"
for Merry Mi'i^tiiii,' ; " Ki'-pan,'' for
Ca])!' Ann; yet Maun'. :,liistoirodcs
Alu'uakis, p. !200, n.. gives it as an
Indian name, and says the place was
formerly so called from tho Abenaki
Sciumenal, "stone beads," from the
<|uantity of pebbles, at that point, on
the Pi-;cat;.i|\ia. Mather, linwi^'er.

gives " Newichawnnnick " as the In
dian name. Uook vii.. p. 7:.!.

' One piece of cannon. De Mon-
seitjnat, li'elation d(^ cc^ s'est p.isse;
N. Y. (,'ol. Doc, ix,, p. 471 ; 1).^ la
Potherie, Hist, de rAiueriiiue Sept.
iii., p. 77.

- De la Potherie, llistoire dc I'Amc'-
rique Sept., iii., p. 77, says seven
liou.ses ; but de Monscignat, N. Y.
t'ol. Dor., ix., p. 171, says twenty-
Eeven.

" I'harlevoix, in his Errata, eavB
" Pe-scadoue." 'J'his is e((uivaleiit to
Piscataway. It is now Portsmouth,
N. 11. According to Maurault, P''k-
cadoue MK ans a " iiarkMime i)i;ii'e, '

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IllSroliV Ol' NKW KliAM'K

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Kll'^li^-U 111
n. lii'iil'j:c'.

llo joins

Mr. do

PortiK'tif.

till' li.'Mik ol' ,'i liviT,' over wliich tliiTi- was ji. vr ry iin' nw
liridi't' ; llic liciul ol' this briilgo lio liad scizi.'d, loavinu tin-
Eii^nlish no otiicr way to iip]ivoii(']i liim.

TIkj}' jircssod forward to cross tho bi'id,L;o; uiid, desi)isiiig
tlio ftinnll uuiiibcr of tho French, ciij;(iji;(>d Mith great C(iii-
CuUmicc. Ik'i'Lfl id llioiii advance, wiflioiil liring a siiol ;
then sndihiily sprangupou tlieni, sword in liand ; at tlio
first Idow, lie killed eight, wounded ten, and forced the rest
to abandon tho Ijattle-lield. In tids action ho lost liis
nci/liew, the gallant Crevier,'' and ;i Hokoki Indian. La
Frosulere, his eldest son, received a musket-ball in tln^
knee, of which he will bear tho glorious marks to Ins gi'ave.
H(! is still a captain in Canada; ho distinguished hinisi'll'
subsequently, on many occasions ; and, as became the
eldest sou, shared his father's piety."

After so brilliant an action, Hertel tliought only of re-
treating, and did so with judgment and success ; but, after
marching some days, ho was compelled to leave, in tho
hands of tho Indians, his son, who was unable to sustain
any longer the hardships of tho march. At tho same place,
[fertel learned that the party ^rom tho Government of
(^)u'.'bcc was only two .days distant, and Jiad not yet conio
into action. On learning this, lie dispatched his ne[)hev>',
Gatiuean, to the Governor- General, to report tho success
of his own expedition ; he, at tho samo time, pormittiid
the Siour Maugras, who had brought him tlio five Algoii-
quins, to return with them to Saint Francis, and he hiniseli'
prepared, with the rest of liis party, to join, at Kask'jbe,
that from (Quebec'

if hi

k: ,,i

' Woiistoi- Kivur. Belknap's New ICSJ."), ami Ciijitain in ITOl. Daniel,

llaiiiiisliiro, i.. 207. Une Pasrt' ile Notro llistoiro, )). 470.

' Du Monst'ignat .«ays four killed. ^ Narrative of Occurrences, N. Y.

N. Y. C"()l. Doc. i\ , p. 471 ; De la Col. Doc, ix., p. 472. The prisoners

Potlierie, iii., p. 77; and Le Clt.'reii, were loft to the Indian.-! ; andCottmi

F.talilissenient, ii.. jip. :Wl-5, "jive Mallior, Mairnalia, Book vii., (i. CD,

no nunilier. details their sutl'erinus at tho liands

■' Zachary llerlel, Sieur de la Fres- ofllopehood, tlie Indian chief. See.al-

niere, was a seconded lieutenant in so. Drake's Indian raptivitius.ii. 109.

i

IIISTiiIiV (»!' Nl'W I'llANi'K.

i:i;»

'i'liis jiMrly WMS CLiiiiiiMinlcil liy Mi'. ilc I'lirtiicul', lln' \fi)o.
lliird sou ol' tlic Jlavoii ol' I'ckniicDurl, .'iml liiMitcn.uit of -" . ~
]\l!iiiiu;Viir.s coiniiuny. I'vontoii.tc luul orckivd him tolako
all Unit foiuiiaiiv whicli wus in Aciuliii, luciuise do AImu-
TK^val, liis I'iiptaiii and lu'otlu^', was Ciovoriun' ol' ibit.
proviiioo. Ilaisiuu', also, some Canadians, and sixty AIh';-
naijuis, from the Falls o*! tlio C'liaudicrc, ho fict out from
()n('l)(>c' tho samp day that Hortcl h-ft Tlirce llivors. TiUi
do Coui'toniaucho acted as Ins lioutLMiaut.'

From tho pi'ovailin,L,' iloiirth of provisions that yoar in
Caimda, the authorities could allow tl .ait scanty stip-
plios. This eompelli'd them to hunt ou tho way: so that
it was tho middlo of Tday bei'oro thoy reached tho AIk'-
uatini village, where Porliicuf had, apparently, reckoned on
swelling his force. Finding no one ihero, ho ]>usli(>l on
to a second village of the same nati(m, on the banks of tho
Kiniboqni," where ho learned that some warriors liad
recently returned from a raid on the l^nglish territory, in
which they had killed six men. Ho persuaded the.so
braves to follow him, as well as some Indians of tho neigh-
borhood;' and, on tho 2otli, ho proceeded to eneani|) foui'
h^agues from Cas':' ■ (Kaskobe), uliich lie had resolved to
attack.*

Casco Bay (Kaskobe) was a town on the sea-coast, witli
a very well-built fort;'' it had eight pieces of artilleiy

' Dc jronspisrnnt, Kclaticn ilu cl>
<|iii s'ci-t pass.', &(•., lOMMJO; N. Y.
("ill. Doc, ix., p. 4Tii ; and Lo CkTcc),
i;tiibli.-;si'mont dc ia Foi, ii., p. yui,
{rives liim fifty Fronclinion. Tilli do
Ri'[)cntifrny CourtunmnclK-, il)., p.
3'J',>. Tlu'V left (Quebec, Jainmry 'JS.
Tlio New Eiiijrland accounts, which

• Kennebec.

■'■ IjO C'lorcq, ii., \>. •Ml, says 150,

' Do lu I'otherio says thoy readied
iveskeliaye. May 2;!. llistoire de
I'Am. Se|)t.. iii., p. TS ; Imt tlieXar-
lative, X. Y. t'oL Dnc, ix., p. Ii ;
and I.e Clercq, ii., p. '<")i , say 'S>{h.

■'' 'I'he plac:' oallud l)y the French

sadly confuse French names, and '' Ivasliebe " — their mode of writiiii;'

divide Do Portncnif into himself and Casco I!ay, which tlioy took for tl;<'

one UurneH'e, also briui.' in de St. name of the town — was Falinniitli,

Cast in as acting a iironuncnt part ; now Portland, Maine. The fort v,;'.:)

but it is pretty clear ho v;as not Fort l.oyal. It stood at the foot of

there. Piobineau de Portneiif was King street. Maine Hist, t'oll.. i ,

a brother of de Menneval and do p. 2i)-l : N. V. Col. Doc, ix., \>.

Villeb.m. 472 ; Willis, rortland, p. 2^1.

ii

I

4

xni

A

V''ll

P

V

•i

m

I

i!n

.'•<!

X\ 1

>iH II

,<*

:tj

IIIS'I'OIIV OF Ni;V\ KItANC'i;

#

: ,.:^i '■■■
I'

'}

I I'

\f'()o. inoiiiilc'l, mill I;ii'Kr(l iirilliiT !UiiiiniMiiiiiii imr |iiuvisioiin.

■— ^r — 'J'lw c'lisiiiiip; nif,'li(, foiu' Indians and two FiiMirluiuii pi'o-

sic'.iof i'( cilcd Id lay tin finiliust-.idc ((nito near tlu' fori, iin 1 mi

Mini srvcrai l''.n:-:!i.-ilniian, falliii!;- into it ul da_vl)ival<, was shiii'.' I'ii"

(ill.cr iDl'lr). T 1- 1 '111- 1)1 '!•.■. 1'

liHUaiis al once 1 .MM iMIicic «'i'\ ; .■aid, .'.IpmiiI noon, li'lyol
the !;'a. /ison advmici'd in j^ood ordi'i' (oward tiu' ;;iot
tVoiii wliii'ii ihc I'rics s. oiiuhI to conic. Tluty wore f.lmo.^l
npon it, lict'oiv tlicy iu'vccivcd anything' ; but our ni 'n, ,soc-
in.y tlii'in ap])roa('!!, poured in a volley tit ten ]iiict.'.s' ilis-
t.'uici' ; llu'ii, williout f^'ivin;.,' thoni tinu' to rocovor, rn<';i'd
on tlicni, sword and tomahawk in liand, andHOwell ava'l ■ !
t]i('ni--clvi s ol' till' disorder oi'casionnl l>y tlu^se two sud Icii
attii''l<s, thai only four, and tlicy Moundeil, .suoccodcd in
riMiriii;,' wiiiiin tlio fort.'
'I'Ii(I',ii!j:1Mi 'riii'i'c were, near C'asco J5ay, four otliur snniUor forts,
fi.ur loiiv wliii'li o]k'iiihI on tlio a-<sailants, coiapclling tlirni to drnv
olV a little, afti'r liavini^' one Indian killed, and a Freii di-
niau wounded. In the eveiiin;', ISlv. de Portneul" soiit to
summon tlie Governor of Casoo, who replied th.it lie a,-, is
determined to hold out till death. Portucuf was sonii-
what at a loss. ]Ie had L'ono too far to recoil with Iionor :
yet Fronteinie's oiders forbadi^ him to attack any fortitled
l)lace, and I: is commis.siou authorized him o)dy to ravaLjn
the fields; luil he found them strippc'l, and tlie seflliTS on
lli^'ir j^'iiar,!.

Moreover, ii.; had iieeii informed of the eajiture of Cor-
lar (.Scheiieei.idy) ; while Ilertel, who had just joined him,
had shared in the success at Scmentels, and it ';'a1le<l liiia

' liobiTt liiv;i.-im. Davi.s':* Di'clu- r.ViU('rii]iii' Si'pt., iii., p. i'.i. W'll-

riitinii, Mas.s. llii-t.C'oll., i., p. lUi-.j. liaiiisun, liisldry n!' Main ■, i., p. (l.M.

'' Dii la I'othi'rit', liistoiru do Bnvrf C'liirk, and thii'tix'u ii'll at tlu'

I'Ani.'r'Kpi" Si'pt., iii., p. Ti(, say fu'st fire; bill in r note, nn p. 'l',"i, lie

thirty; and tlii:4 is confirniiMl by brings tbc name matter in again as

Davis's IXTJaraticin, anil by William- a masi^acrc, nl'tor tin.' .surr.'iiiltT.

son. Hist. Maine, i.. p. Gii), who say Uov. Bradislreet, inaletterli) l-ei-ler,

they \v<re cuiii iiaiuk'd by Lieut. May IJO, lOi'O.O. S., n.ak(':< tlie j irly

'i'haddeus Clark fallyiiii; out. twenty-six. O'Calla-

" De la I'dtherie, llistoiie de -hiin's D<:C. Hist., ii., p. lit!.

ll.-.i'u:U VI' NKW I'hANCK,

in;

not ii littl(i to rotnrii with loss '^Inrv tlinn his onllcjir^nos ; 1690.
hosidos, Hiiioo IIiTtci':! :ii'rivnl, liis wIh.Io loirc* cuMVily — r— '
clftiiiorod to he li'.l 01: lo i\u\ assault. All tliin^'.s well 0011-
siilcrod, li(> coiicliiilcil that, Mitiifilcd as hu was, \w uu^^Ul
iutoi'prcl Iho (loiicnil's will, luid it was i'csi-IvlmI to cou-
timio tho attack 011 (Jast-o Bay. On their sidis tlir Kn--
lisli, se(;iii;,; tlio iaipasslhility of holding so many forts at
onto, cvaeuntcd tho four smaller forts, coiieontratin;,' all
the men to roiufoi'co i;i.' ;j;arrison at Casco TJay, and put
it in a bettor ooaditiou to hold out.

On the iii;.'.ht of 31ay -JO 7th, tho besio-crs cncajnpoil on
tho sfa-shon>, tii'ty i)aeos from the fort, coM-rod hy a very
stoop hill, whore l!'.oy had uothiuj^- to i'oar iVoiu tho nrtil-
lory. 'Iho next ni.idit thoy opened the tivnchos. \oilh(!i'
(.'auadians nor Indians had any oxperionco in tliis mode ol'
attack; biit crau'a,i!,o, and a desire h r \iftory, atoiiod lor
want of skill. All worivrd witii tho f,'voatest ardor ; and as
tho'y wore fortunate oiioul!;1i to lind in the abandoned I'orls
all the implements needed for throwin;.;- u[> t!ie earth, tho
works advan(!ed with such celerity, that, on the eveuinj; of
the 28tli, tho besieged asked to ]iarlev.

They were told that Iho i'i-,ii,.:i wished tho i'oi-t, with e;i-c.. mh-
;dl its aminnnition and t^upjilivs. They asked six days' lo iJ,I"iCiTi'im
dolilKrato, hoping to be relieved in tlio interval; but .mly "",''',".!.!,"' '
that ninht w;is grant. 'd thoni, anil tlio irenohi'-i wore
pushed on. The noxi day they throw ont a nuuh^-'r
of grenades, whicli did no execution ; the French ap-
proaclied tho palisade, i)iv]iarcd, as soon as they got ii!i,
to set jire to a tar bai'i''.'!, and other intlamund)l(i mr.ftor.''

The besieged, s<.'oi;ig this raacliino constantly advance,
and having no ni^ans of prev^Mitlng its o[)oration —

n

»!

1

i

>i ■

''''■Si|

if'

N'. Y. t'ni. Doc, ix., ]ip. irv)-! ; t':uui-
ila iiuc, i., iv., [1. :■(,,■), .>.c'. : l>i' In
l'ct;ic':-i , lli.-tniri' d.i' r.\ini'ri.|iu,'
r^JIi'.., ill , I'l'. ;'J-Sl); l)>'clai;i;li.ii of
Sjlvauust UavN, .\ii.. ,, Hist, ('till ,ili ,

i.. pp. 101-113; .Miitlicr's .Mni,niu!iii,
liook .vii, p. 7'i; ^Viliis, liist. of
I'.inUoi'l ; .Miiiiiij H. ('., i., jip. '.'o:; .1.
• I'rnilstiVL't ti) LrisliT, iiu'nliDii.i
tlii' u.si'ol'liiicli l.ark to llni tlii'].lni'.,'
()('iilia,i;liiiii'H 1).h;. Jli.^t.. ii., p. II';.

"ill

m

mSToKV (il- NKW FR.VNCF.

\f'<i'\

I

■iiii'i-;iiL£ii-ii

ill'livr Inn

lllc In ri'-

Ikvu 11.

lliiiM' who |Misliiil il (111, liciiii^' I'dvcvi'd l)_v tlir ticiu'li •
iiiisi il Iht^ wliiti) tla^'. Do Poi'tncuf then told tlu' (iovcriKir
lliiit lid must (Xiicct no coiiditions, hut HUiToudcr as a
jirisoii '!• of war, uith all liis f^'ai'risoii. Scciii;.,' no altcriia-
tivo, tliat oHiiU'r at oiico maivliod out wilii nil his knvo,
aiiu»uiitiii^ to seventy men, besides women and cliildnn.'

Hearcely was the fort evacuated, when I'oiir Diitish sails
hove in sif^dit, bearing', as was subsequently ascertained,
troops (o relievo Casjo; imt tliose in command seeing' no
Jla,n' living' ill any of tlu' forts, fidt that they liad come too
late ; that if they had force enough to iielp a p;arriHon hold
a fort, they had not enou<^di to besieyo it ; so, after wait-
ing' ji time to see whether any sir'nals were made, they
determined to sail olV. On Ills side, de rortneuf began
by seizing all that suited liim in tlio forts, then sot lliem
on In-e, carried olV" the cannon, and laid in ashes every
house for two leagues around."

!\rost of the prisoners remained in tho liands of the
Indians; the Governor, Captain Denys," the two duugh-
lers of his liculeiiiiiit wiio was kiileil during tin,' siege, and
some of tlio principal olUccrs, were taken to (Quebec,' wluch

■;(

' l)f Moiisi'iKiiat, Hclfilinii, &c.,
1(!8!) !(0 : N. Y. Cnj. Doc, ix., i>. 4T;i ;
• 'aliiulil Dni'., II . v., p. Il',> : l.i-
rk'ifii, ii., \>. o'.li).

•' ('liiili'Vi)ix evidently iiiisiniiitH
" c'lilivci' " I'nr " clmirr." Thry coiiNt
imi curry nll'iU" cimu )ii. wIi'm'Ii wpi'i.'
hpiUi'l (N. Y. fill. Due, is., 1'. IT;!),
iiiiil llirown iiilotlii' Hca. l,c('l('rn|,
ii.. p. :!'j:!; Itrlalinii, UMI tlO; .\. V.
(.'nl. Dnc, ix., 'ir;!.

' Lo Clercii eavb two liuiiiln'il
houses. Brailstri'i't m>.'ntiou3 tlu'ii'
fallinu' oil NVclls and Kittcry. N. \'.
Doc. Ili.^^t.. ii., i>. II.;.

•* 'rii(> cimniaiuliT ni' tin' fort was
C'liplaiii Sylvi'iius l)avis, who had
HUccicdi'd Cajit. Wiilard. His Dic
lanaion (.Mass. llisi. Coll.. III., i..
PH llU-lO'i), giM'^ 111" dull' nl' 111"

Rttnck, Jfay Ki; and th' Hiirn'iulc'r,
Jhiy 20, iliUO, O. S. Sue. al.^o,
.Mathi'r'rt Mat^nalin.ii., p. 'ii\. Davis
bclonjfcil to one ol' till' oldest I'.imilics
in Maini'. He was at Slieepscit in
1(1.")0. and was wounded in llie Iniliun
wai- of KiTii, at Arrowsicli (Cliurcli's
Indian Wni', ii., p. \ll). He seltled
at l'"alinoiith in l(is(), and liuilt a
t-awniill till •■e. He was a prisoner
at Quebec IVoin May loOct. 1.5, Ui'.Mi.
On his return, ho bocnmo Councillor
lor Sagadahoc, in ICOl ; and, nfler
irpen<rmg his latter (hiys at Hull,
Mas.s., died in 1701. N. V. Col. Doc.
ix., p. -IS!) ; Maine Hist. Coll., i., p.
'Md ; Church'.'S In iiaii WanDexter'ii
ed.). ii., p. I I.

' l,e Cien-(|. lO-ilalill.sneluont de la
I'ol, ii., p. o'.lo.

,\fi

s

(

inSTuU\ (IK NKW FRVNCK

vln PortiR'uf ruachcil ou i hf 'J:J(1 of Juiu\ after twi'iity-tlireu
vlays' nmivli. Ont> of his Froudimon had uii ari/i iii-okoa
ill tlio tiviK liL'.-;, iiiul I'll liiiliuii f.;ot u uniskct-IiiiH tin )ii;,'li
Ills ana.' Tliis w-.v-i all lliut liis Inilliaiu cumjUw'.slcDhl : L-jt
tlu'ii lie IkuI uolhiu^i,', huvo the glory (. I' lia.-iug 'lisplayed
great vtihir aiul skill. Mos-sieurs Horti 1, do Courtoi laucln.',
and all the voluntooi's, also disstinguishcd thciusclvos, and
thv. Imli.ui:-. roudfri'd oNccllont survicc'

Itcstoi'iu;^' tho iTputatiou of tho rr>'iich anus was not,
in itself, sutliciout to roassuro oiu- allies. It was uccossarv,
moreover, to put them ill a position onablliiLfthoia to diHiieiisi!
with Kii,L;lisli trad'', and to be free iVoia fi'ar of any rIVorts
of tile Inxjuois. FnmttMiae tlioiii^iil of i'vwy thing at ouco;
and, wlu'ii dc Pdi'tnctif rcaelied (^)iiebof', it was a, nnnith
after tjji' dt partnrr from Montreal for Aliidiilliniakiimo,
of a f;reat convoy, undi r tho direction of the Sienr d.- la
Porte Jjouvi^e:ny,heeoi', led captain, acooiu[)aiiii'd by Nicholas
Perrot : the latter ii"aring i>ivsonts from the (rovernor-
(Jencu'al for the Indians ; tho former to remain at Michilli-
makiiiac as Commandants.^

There was nothing to bo said against this select imi.
Mr. do Louviguy' Avas one of the most accomplished
otficcrs then in New Franco ; Ijut men were somewhat sur-
prised to see the General, without any i)rctext, recall Mr.
<le la Durantaye. whose Avisdoni and lirmncss liad retained
for the King all the aib/ancod posts in most critical times,
and who luul lived then: in most perfect disinterestedness.

lU?

I (iC)0.

(iliUL cull
Vl>\ :.l'lll

loMiihil
lllii:ilkiiiii(;.

KniiU of
Mr. ,|c. Ill

Duriiiitayo.

Hlsciil'jcy,

' Tlirouprh tbc li'g. Di laPotln'iii-,
lii., 1). 81 ; Hfliuion, Uiyj-Dl) ; :>. Y.
Col. Doc , ix., \i. IT:;.

- La IlDiitiin, Voyages, ii., :2U!, in a
Joosc', iunccuruu' account of this ex-
[ifdition, iimkcs I'lL' I'ortiiput', with
thi-cr liuiiilr.'ii iiit'ii. tiiKc KciiilitUi.

^ Mciiisoi'^'uui, lu'liiiioii do ro (lui
a'est pasKi', lObJ-UO; X. Y Col. Doc,
ix., p. 47U: I'limtfiuic's Di.-iiiatcli,
Nov. 20, 101)0 (Tuilliuii's Perrot, p.
■'fUIi). Tlie latter dncvaiient caHs
Vol, lV_]fi.

hiiu Loiiviirijy di! la I'ortc. Do m
i'dthiric, ili^toirc dc rAmeiiqilo

Si'pt., iii„ ji. ■; !.

* Lii.<t in lliL> wivck of th<' Clm.
inrau, in ITiu, when (jovcnior olrot
oi' Throo Hivcrs. t'hdrkvuir. liuho
W i.-^''ii)siii Ili.st. ('(ill., w. p. lus,
tlii'n- is a ^lii'tcli of Li. 111., lir la
l\)rtL', Siuur ilo Louvigny, by L. (.'.
Diaper, Esq. IIo coiiniiiuided iit
Mackinaw, li;fi0-4 : mi I'i)rt Frmi
teiui'', l<i9',t.

''I

M

I*) i

4

138

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

ill

1 ^'

I ,4 n

1690. Some attributed his disgrace to the fact that lie niain-
^— "> tainod too good an nnderstauding with the iiiis.iionarics ;;
and it is certain tliat tliis concert, deemed !>}■ tlie Marquis
de Denouville so vital to the good of th i service, and un-
doubtedly of inestimable importance to the progressof reli-
gion, was not to the taslo of Mr. deFroutcnae. Tiloreover,
merit too generally applauded, and the ])urest virtue, give
umbrage to many, and always raise up the envious, who
rarely let slip au opportunity of ruining those v.lio over-
shadow tliem, and are at no loss for an occasion, when
they have to deal with superiors liable to prejudice.
This Mr. de ^a Durantaye experienced, to his sorrow. AVlth
merit of evei-y kind that can raise a gentleman to military
honors, and al'ter rendering essential service to Xeu
Franco, he never attained a higher rank than he bore
Av.lien ho came.' Forced, in his latter days, to leave the
army, ho entered the magistracy," where he was distin-
guished for his integrity; but, relentlessly pursued by
misfortune, he died in poverty, leaving to his children
only a noble example and gentle birth, with nothing to
maintain it.^
Tho con- De Louviguy's convoy was escorted by one hundred and
cd by the forty-tlirec Freuchmeu,many of whom eagerly embraced the
"'' opportunity to go for furs Mhich tliey had in tlie store-
houses of Michillimakinac, but had been unable to bring
down, for fear of Irocjuois war parties. Six Indians also
embarked M'ith them ; and a detachment of thirty men,
commanded by Captain d'Hosta and Lieutenant de la
Gemcraye, was ordered to escort tin ix for thirty leagues."

' IIo was .1 ciiiit.iin in the C'arigiiun
Salirro:i i'i.':;iuK'ii',. Churb'roLr.

' Ho (lied a (.'ouncillor in the Su-
perior Council of Queljci . lb.

' Olivier ^lorel ile In Durnntayp,
wns born at Notre Diuiie du d'iiure,
Nantes. In lOTO lie iiinrrieil Franre.s
Dunuet. llis ilesccmltinls, who are
many, are spoUrn of in terms of
culopy by Ferland. ii , p. 20^.

* Monscigunt, Relation de ee qui
B'est piisse, 1089-nO; N. V. Tol.
Doc, ix., p. 1T() ; De la I'otherie,
Ilistoire <Ie I'Amerique Sept., iii.,
pi>. Tl-3. They were to escort them
as fur as the Calumets, on thu Ot-
tawa, sixty leagues from Montreal,
(lb.) Frontenai:'s dispatch, Nov. 20,
KiOO. savB in nil one hundred an''-
seventy men.

}^

HISTORY Of NEW [-HaNCE.

139

They set out' May 22, and, tlit> u;>xt day,' discovered "i;o.
two Indian canoes at a place, called Los Chats. D'llosta ""■
and de Louvigny, concluding that tluy were not alono, sent
thirty men in ihrci; canoes, and sixiy by land, to surround
the enemy on all sides. 'J'jie iirst I'J'.rty fell into an aiul)us_
cade ; and, al tlie outset, received a. ueavy lire, almost at the
luuzzie : the Iroquois, whom they eould not see, picking
their men, and aiming surely. lu ue la Gemeraye's canoe,
the first that attempted to lai'd, tLtn-e were, after tlie iirst
volley, only two men left unwounded.'

Louvigny v/as in despair to see his men thus slaughtered, Def at of
■without his being able to help them ; for Perrot, whom ho iroji'iois.
had express orders to obey on the way, would not permit
hiiu to advance, for fear of risking the presents in his
charge. At last, however, he yieLljd to the imtreaties of
the Commandant and Mr. d'Hosia. They at once put
themselves at the head of fifty or sixty men, and rushed
upon the enemy; the attack was so sudden and so well-
timed, that thirty Iroquois were lulled, several woun(h-Hl,
aud some taken ; the rc^st with diiticulty reached their
canoes, and escaped. 'I'his party consisted of thirteen
canoes, and its defeat j.'oduced a good effect."

Messrs. d'Hosta aud do la Gemeraye' havinu soon after

' FrDiii the u[i])(Ton(l of Montroal
Island. N. Y. Col. Uoc. ix., p. 4rO.

- Juno 2. (lb.) De la I'otlicrii' says
tlicy halted bolciw Le.s Chats, twelve
days alter :^'arting- (iii., p. T.j).

= Four wrr.' killed. N. Y. Col.
Doc, ix., I>. -ITl; De la I'otherie,
iii., 7.). Belmont, Histoire dii Ca-
nada, p. 32, iri a brief uotice, says
they lost live nun, and nieiuious
only ten lroi|uois as killed. Le
Clerei). F.tablisseraent de la Foi, ii.,
p. o8(i, gives the wholu loss in the
action as seven.

•• Four prisoners were taken : two
men and two women. Only foiu- of
the tli)rte(!n ranoes escaped. N. Y.

C-oI. Doc, ix., p. 471 ; De laPotherie,
iii., p. 70,

' Cliristo;)her Dufrost de Lajeni-
morais was a Breton pentleman (nnn
Medri'ae, in the diocese of St. Mi o,
where the family still subsists. 'I'ho
fie!', which gave them name, seems
to bo, properly. I.a (iesmcrais. Tie
was, at first, midshipman at Kocho-
fort, and cam.- over, in lOsT, as en-
sign. He ros,', by his valor, to a
lieutenancy, and was made coni-
nuuulant of Fort Front( nac in 1097.
lie died in 170S. By lii.s wite, Mary
Renee de Varenue-;, gran<i-daughter
of Peter Bouclier, of 'J'hrec Rivers,
ho had six children, tiie most distin-

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140

L'SJTOHY OF NEW FRANCE.

1690.

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Pprlidv
cf tlic

returned to Moutreal,' from that point ilispatclied one of
tlicir prisoners to tho Coiuit do Frontenac, avLo resigned
liini to Ouroouliarc, wlio was (juitc touched by tiiis mark
of coulidencc. Another was taken to Michilliiaaldnae, and
given u}) to the Ottawas, ■who, to show the new Comman-
dant that tliey had no farther thouglit of m;d<in;.,' any
terms with tlie Iro(iuois, burned him. This change wan.
tiie result of our victories, of which the convoy bore tho
tidings to tiie Indians at a time when tlieir ambassadors
Avero preparing to set out to put tlic finishing stroke to an
irrevocable treaty with the Iroquois nation.

But when they beheld tlieFrencli coming, victorious over
all their enemies, loaded with merchandise, and in suffi-
cient numbers to inspire them witii conlulence against any
attempi of the [rociuois;— then, charmed with the presents
delivered to them by Pcrrot, who knew admirably how to
make the most of them, — they became more attached tlnin
ever to our interests, and were not slow in giving us.
unmistakable proofs. One hundred and ten canoes, loaded
with a hundred thousand crowns' worth of furs, and manned
h\ over three hundred Indians, of all the Northern nations,
soon after sot out for Montreal," where they found tlio
Count de Frontenac, who had come up to l)e nearer at
hand in defending tJuit settlement from a threatened inva-
sion.

All hope of peace with tho Iroquois had vanislied. Wi^
have .^(H>n that these savages had arrested the Cluivalior
d'Eau," and the French wiio accompanied Iiim, although
the Governor-General, in deputing that olticer to Onon-

guisheil of wii)i)i was Mary Mai'OT- in Ifi!/!. Charlevoix, il., \h 104;

ret, wlio, alti r tho death of her N. Y. Col. Doc, 14, p. o2'2.

hushaiui, Francis You d'Youville, '-' Do Monso'jrnat, liolation, &c. ;

son of <nio of La Sallo'H coiuijaiiions. N. Y'. Col. Doc, is., pp. 4T1-8; Le

i'onndotl tho Sistors nf Charity at Clorc'). ]';tabli-^s(nn( nt lio la I'oi. ii..

Montri'nl, called Siours Cirisoe, and liSli, AUii h'n ; i'"ro.itoDac'.s d;si>'itch,

a General Hospital. Sec Faillon, Canada Doc, II.. v., ]). 110; Po la

Vie do ]\[adamo d'Youville, 8"., Potliorio, iii., id. 'Jl, says fivo hund-

pp. 1-0. red Indians.

' D'lTosta was killed pt Ln Prairie, ' See note next pa<^e.

fl

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HISTORY UK NEW FKANCE.

Ul

irl,

s

daga, intended to giY(? tlisit canton .1 mark of confidence
Mliicli should have iluttered it.' Tlicy did more: they sent
him to New York,' to couviuco tlie Eiigllsli th;it they were
very far from any reconeiliajion willi tlie French. In Ihic,
llicy carried perluly so iar as to viohite the hxw of nations :
tliey bnrned two of the i''renclimou who accompanied tliat
olhcer.' i do not k)io\v wluit prcveuteil the autliorities in
Canada fi'om lea^ni!l^' this treacliery at once ;' but tliey
soon susjiected that tlie cantons were bent on prosecuting
the war; and the Governor-General, without delay, took
precautious to prevent a surprise. He gave wise orders
for the security of the districts most exposed to the ravages
of these Indians ; and, for this purpose, he formed two
detachments of jiis best troops : the lirst, intended to
watch the southern bank from Montreal to the >Sorel liiver,
was commanded by the Chevalier de Clermont, seconded
ca])taiu ; the second, which was to put in a safe position

i6go.

' Aiuf, p. r,i.

" Le Clerei|. KlablissLiiieiit di^ la
Foi, ii., p. 10!'. La Ilontau iinvir-
rectly says l!> Boston. \'oya,i:v^, i.,
p. 200.

- t'hampigiiy's dispatdi, May 10,
IC.Ol ; N. Y. (.'ol. Doc, ix., pp. 411!!,
50.i ; uiul La Ilontaii, Voyagt's, i.,
p. 20(!, Ray they burned nil f I'.c. ( 'Iicv-
alii.'i-'s companion:. — th:it is Colin
and two others. Lo ('lere(|, Etab-
lihseiiient de la Foi, ii., p. -tOl, re)i-
resentu them all as taken uninjured
to Is'ew York. Smith, liicitory of
Is'ew Y'oik, p. 08, says the Chevalier
nud the rcfct of the Vn nch lne:^^:en■
gers were treated with the utmost
in(li;.'-nity, and afterward given up
to the Enl;■!i^^l. Frontenae, in his
dispateli to Pontchartrain, ilay 10,
lUUl (N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 40,")).
ppeaks of two of the French as
killed, lielraont ,say.s Colin was
burned and Bouviat killed (.Ilistoiro,
p. 32). The Relation de or qui, &-c,

10!)0-1 (X. Y. Col. Doc, ix.. p. .jIG),
on apparently delinite intt'Uigence,
gay.s (.ne was liurned at Seneca, one
at Unondnira, and that one died of
h-iekness at .'doliawk. Nevertheles?,
Duplanty, a soldier, was given up
as one of his party. (lb., p. ."iS'i.i Tlio
Chevalier d'Aux was given up to
Leish-r'.s envoys, apjiarently in
May. (Leisler, iu N. V. Doc Hist.,
ii., p. i;;8.) lie V.-P.S at Xew York in
.June, (,1b., p. I.jO.) lie is said to have
been sent subsequently to lioston.
lie escaped in August, 10!!',', and
reached ( 'anada. (X. Y. Col. Doc, is.,
pp. .j;io-.54:l.) His name is given as
d'i^au, d'O, d'Au. Ferland, Cours
d'Hi^'.oire, ii., p. I'.iS, give.-i it, from
his aiitograi)h, d'Aux. He wrote an
accoinit of his embassy and cajrtivity.
■■ They made efl'irts to capture
Iroquois with this view. (N. Y". Col.
Doc, ix., p. 4S2.) They did not learn
till April, 1091, by the arrival ol
two Mohawks. lb., p. -WO.

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142

HISTORY OF NKW rilAN'CE.

16 ;o. fill tlic it'sc nf t'lc couiilrv, lis far us the capitul, was UDilcr
■— > — ' tho orders of the Chevalier do la Motte, also a seconded
captain. Tho Chevalier de Clermont, on rcachiiig tho
nioutli of tlie river, learned that some boys, while fjuardinp;
cattle, had been carried oil" by the Iro([uois: ho pursued
them, rescued tho boys, except one, whom the .savages had
k !'.cd at once, because he could not keep up with them.'
Nc\y hostil- At the samo time, auotlicr party of Iro([Uois, having
their part, desceudcd on tlie Island of Montreal by Dcs Prairies llivei,
was discovered by a settler, who gave uotico to the Sieur
Colombet, a secoiuled lieutenant. That oilicer at once
collected twenty-live men, and hastened in pursuit of the
euemj-, who advanced half-way to meet him. Tlie Iroquois,
beiug mucli sujierior in numbers, charged (ho Freucli
with great resolution. Colombet was left on the ilelu, witii
some of his men; but the Iroquois lost tweuty-livo.''' Some
days before, another troop of these Indians hud carried
oil" fifteen or sixteen women and children, near T.u'ki'.ncourt
River. Tliey were pursued ; but the onlj- efl'ect was that
tlie savages, to facilitate their escape, Imtchere.l ;'.!] tin ir
prisoners.'

In line, there u'as no security anywhere ; and a con-
siderable part of the huul coulil nt;t be soMcd, jnoduc-
ing a very great fiMiiino the next y(>ai- througho;;t l!ie
colony.
Arriviii of ;i lu tho vcrv height 01 tlieso alarms, on the 18th of August,

LTcat ion- .1 ,,• 11 ,.1 • 11 1 i 1' , r

vov from the bicur ilc la Lluissaiuue, who eommaiulec. at .L'orL Jja

Mioailliinn- ■ ■

Icinac.

' Dp Monscigiiiit, Hrliiticni, &o. ;
N. Y. Col, Do.'., ix., p. 474. Tlii.,
iiidiiin piu'ty comiirisod one Kng-
lislnimu I'roni Albniiy, who was Ilistoi
killed, and liis commission taken. I'. S'3.

■ De Mon.^-,'i.ij;iia!, HeUitiou, &c. ;

It eiuptiep i.pposito Tiirei' Kiver^.

Di' .MonseigniLl, Relation. &e. : N. \.

Col. Doc, is., ji. 474 ; De la Potherie,

du rAuierimii.' Sept., iii.,

■* Joh Bouillet, Sieur de hi ('lias-

N. Y. Col. Doc, is., ]). 4T4; Uc la saiijne, captain of a company in tie

Potherie, Hist, do l'Ain('ri(|iic Sept., marine serviee, was irom Parny, in

iii., p. So ; I.e Clere(|, Ktablisseinent the County o!' Cliarolais. (Ferland,

de la I'o', ii., p. liO!). The French ii., p. 'JiO; N. Y. C il. Doc, ix., p.

lost twelve men. The action took 41^.) In ITd'J he wus sent to the

place ot Pointe an Tremble. relief of Chambly, (lb., 8:>4.) In

'ThnriverwnHll, en c:\lbd Pnp.nto. 1727 ho was Oovernor of Throe

. 1:

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inSTuiiY OF NKW r-'HANfE.

143

Chine, was iiiforiued ;hat u flotilla of caiioos had appear.jil 1690.

on J.ake St. Louis. Tiiere was scarcely a doubt but that ' < —

they Avcro Iroquois ; and Mr. do Fronteuae, who had been
for three weeks at Montreal, was already niviuM orders to
notify the settlers in the country parts to retire to the
forts, when Tilly, Sionr do I'lsle, came in, assurin- them
that it was tho groat convoy from Michillimakinac, already
mentioned.'

The joy everywhere was intense, and proportioned to
tlK) alarm at first occasioned. The little fleet arrived at
Montreal, and a, as welcomed with the acclamations of the
whole city. On tJie 22d, the General i^^ave public audience
to all the chiefs ; they .spoke quite well, and seemed to be
111 the most favorable disposition in ret,'ard to the actual
position of aliairs.^ On the following day trading began •
but it was soon interrupted by La Plaque, an IroVoiJi of
Sauit St. Louis, and nephew of the great :Xroluuvk.

He had been sent on a scout toward Albany; and, while
returning to report what he had seen, lie halted an eighth
of a league from the spot where the Ottawas and o"ther
Indians were encamped, and carrying on 'neir trade. He
took it into his head to give several death-veils. The
Indians, supposing the enemy was at hand, ran to arms ;
but when, after some time, they saw nothing, regained
confidence, and rcsum-xl their trade.

Meanwhile, La Plaque entered the town, and told de Fro„to,mc
I' rontenac that he had discovered, on the banks of Lake of"'?!';""!,,

St. Sacremeut,' a whole army, engaged in building canoes ; all^Ku'ibi,

and Ii-o-
quois army.

tiiat he had repeatedly approached them to endeavor to "'"' ''"-

make some prisoners, but always in vain ; and that, before

Kivers (!b 990); and wa,. Rent to ■ De Mon.seignat, Relation, &e..

Crovmior Uurn..t, of Xew Yo.-k, to 1089-00; N. Y. Col. Do. iv ,, 478 ■

rom.nstrato a.ain.t Imiklin^ a fi.rt IV la Pothon:., Histoin: '.^oVAu,^'-

o^2::r';]^'t^ '''-' 'T1' " '•'''"'' '"•^'- "' • ''''• ''-'■ ^— «

t/-10 n f '"''• ^'■■•'•■^"''■»' ""'='1«'- ^^■■- LcCl.rc<,,ii.,,,.401.

I). 4W. t harlovoix b noto here says : ' August 2',>

•• Ifc (lied fJov.irnor of Montreal." « Lake Gporge.

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144 niSTOUY OF NEW FRANCE.

1 690. Milliilrawiug, he had taken three " cassott'tos" to a cabin, to
tell the enemy that tliey were discovered, as Avell as to d(>fy
tliom.' La Phique was a bravo lunii— a very indii'l'cicnt
Cliristiai), tliough warmly attached to tlie Frencli. 1 have
spolcen of liim elsewhere, and have mentioned that he
was a lieutenant in our army." It was, accordingly,
deemed ini[)ossiblG to doubt the sincerity of his repf)rt ;
and the Cfcneral judged it his duty to neglect nothing to
put the Governnu-nt of Montreal in a state of defense.

His first thought was as to means of retaining his allies
near him : lie gave them nuirks of great friendshij) ; regaled
them with profusion; then told them all, in a geiu'ral
assciubly, that he was charmed with the disposition in
which he behehl them, to make neither peace nor truce
witli the Iroquois ; that they could no longer doubt his
own resolution to pursue them without relaxation, till he
had brought them humbly to ask peace at his haiuls ;
that, moreover, he wished them to rest assured that ho
woidd not grant tin Iroquois peace, exce]it on conditions
cqualh' advantageous to th(! French and their allies, since
both were equally his children.

He then added that ho believed them too brave, and too
sincerely attached to himself, to leave him on the eve ol'
his being attacked by an army of their common meniies ;
and that the only point to be considered was whethei' it
would be most expedient to advance, and meet this ami}',
or sternly await their coming. Then, without giving them
time to answer, he performed the ceremony of puttuig the
hatchet in tiieir hands, saying that he was well assured

' Dc Monscignat, ReUition. &c. ;
N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., 1). !TS ; D.' l.a
Potherie, Ilistoirc dc rAiin'ri<iue
Sept., iii., ]). 90. They (>xi)].iin " ciis-
Botutes " us clubf! (if till' siiapo of a
cutl;^!^s, on which they iiialii' ligures,
showing who oominand.s the jiarty.

• La Phiiiiio in-obably followed his
uncle to Canada. His father, who
remained on the Mohawk, La Plaqiu'

once, in buttle, was about to kill,
when he recognized him. (Charle-
voix, Journal, p. IIOO.) lie, at first,
lived iiniong the French ; was a line,
well-formed man, and received a
lieutenant's commission; but went
back to the Indian life. He was so
dissolute, that, at the Sault, it was
at one time proiwsed to put him to
death (lb., ;B2-3.)

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lllsrolJV OF XKW l-ltANCK.

thcv WDiiid use it well. 'v did iiol even dociu it hcncilii
lii-; di,i;iiiiv lo lif^du to sing his Aviu-soug, tomaliinvk in
IuuhI : wishing, in tliis w.iy, to sliow tiicni tliat it was his
intention to combat at thcif head. Anv thing Ijccomes u
man wlio knows liow to do cvci v thing with dignity, and in
soiison. Tiio Indians were enciiantrd witli (he conduct of
th(! Count d(! Fi'oidoi ac, and re|ilicd onJy liy acohui.ations,
wliich assniud liim of tiicir consent.'

On the -I'.hh of Aiign.st, tJio Chevalier de Ck'rmonl, who
had n cei\ed order.s to ascend tiie .Sorel JtiviT, in oider to
Nvatcli the enemy, arrived at Moidreal, and repoited that Jio
hail perceived a very large force on J.ake Cliahii)kihi, and
thai; he Jiad even l)een ])iirsued to Clnuid_)ly. Tiieriaqion,
tlie signals were given (o a^;.■,enlble the regulars and militia.'

US

\(h)0.

An-iM5

Ml

Miiruiwil.

' Dr MuMM'ijrnnt, lli'lation, kc, niul the fiv Nations, one tlu.iisnnd

N. Y. l'..l. D.ic, ix., p. 4TS; IV In cifrhi hmulivd mid t«ciity iiu'ii.

I'othri-i;', ili.^toirc <1,' l'Am,'il,iiie (J.ci^lcr to Slircw.-biiry, S.Y. Col.

Soiit., iii., l.;^ !lG-7. !)..,■., iii., p. :rA.) Vovinn, •„ uttucli

■III. SinuuL-i'ly ciioiidi, the wii-ly on Cas-o (•oihih>'I(i1 .M.H^aclmsriis

Niw Vorl; liistoi'ians arc entirely ni ami J'ly.nontli to ivtain tlieir men

t'anlt in n'::aril to tills ex|ie(lilion. at lioine (il.,, p, 7,>r) ; Inn i In' others

Sniitli, In Ills Ilisiory or.Xew Voi'U, pivjiaivd l.i talie the liekl. Th.j

alhiiieri to it merely in a unte (]i. Wesiei-n li-o(|uoi> were to nie ■> at

'lit), where he cites the Life (.ri'liipps I'ort I. a .Motte, an abandoned I'lvneh

iiiid ('l;arlev(ax. as though lu' knew worli, on Lake Ciiainplaiii (X. V.

ofiioNew i'cn'k docninenls. ('olden. Col. Doe., iv., ]i. |'.i."e, and ;-o ,]i,\v,i

lli.slory or th(. Fly,. Nutioii.s. S'-', the Sorel, (.Milet, l.'.'hition, p. lii.i

London, p. i'.';, I'oiil'oiind.-, ii with The Whiles, with the .\l(ihauks.

.■^Iiij<.r Peter Selaiyler'M exiiedition, Oneida.s, and .M.,liej;aiis. uviv appai

.01 Ki'.ll. 'I'l.e Freneh aeeoiint.seanie, ently to meet at Lake li,'.,ri;e. and

ol eoiirse. iVom scouts and Indian tnarcli i,_v hind. (.Milei.) ())' the

-talenienis. yet are. in the main, invuuy. the I'leiich aecimis ::.\

"''"'■"'"■ lh:U nine litiiulrdl took t!ie iield

The expedition was (Mie toe.,. (I )e la I'utheiie, iii., [.p. l-2ij_7 • X Y

op-rnle^uiti, I'hipps- epenitinns Col. Ho, , ix., pp. oLjLji ■ and .a' tie'

again-t (,>uc!,e,., by atla-kin- .M„ie .^b,!la^vks, Oneida.s, iind :\!oh.-ans

'''''■•''■ "•' t'"' 1^! "f -V'.iy, PJjil, a:, .l;i,i, ,]!,., 'n,,. s:,,,;,!) p..,. |',:.,,| ,.

i:i •emeu, u;iseni.-re,l int., beluver, out i .; lie- We..i:Mn IndiMe

'■■■'^"- •'"■! ainh. grilles, ,:■ (■ i'ld.li.K Ocm, rmc s M-M, !■,.!,■;..„

necticnl. lV-i.i,,„iid I'iyne.iH'i, l,> ] j),,,,,,.. li,., n,,.,,„, Sep. -'",

M-hieh \,-,v Inik u,!.|,, i■|nn;^^ hi'.o. Hi.., y,,.. ; |, "Olii-and

V'" '"""''■"' 'i"''i:<''iiie.-lie„i,,,„e Vii'le. hif in ih. ..„i;;ni, r !„ ht

J"""li'''l and tinny live; H„so,n,.,ne in word thai thev ,-„nl.l nM s.md

'"""'"■'^^^"l-'^=>-''bm.a.h ..;.,>. i,„ ...,,v ,;.,.^ (■,;; i,,„. „ ,,,- ,
\<.i l\- ,0.

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146

iriSTOKV OF NKW FHANCE.

1690,

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('liiiiuilini

Us c)|i('ni-

tioiis.

Early oji tli(! iiiorniiij,' of tlio '!1st, tlic ('t)niit do Frojitonac
passed over to La Prairio do la Ma.ndi'lciiu', ■\vhirh lio had
made tlu! ^•oiioral nMidczvous ; and the Indiana, wlioin I'o
had invited, canio into tJKi camp in flu^ eveninij,-, not leav-
ing a sin.^le man in their quarters to watch their f^'oods.

The next (hiy ho revioM'od his army, ■which amounted to
twelve hundred men; and, in the afternoon, some fudians
from Sault St. Louis invited the chiefs of t!ie oUht nations
to me<'t at tlie tent of their Father, Onoiilhiu, who had an
important communication to make to them. They came,
and -when all were assembled, Louis Atherihata, one of the
most intluential ciiiefs of Sault St, Louis, delivered a very
line address in the; name ot all tlic^ L'o(|Uois Christians.
He he^'an hy exh(irtiii^' all tlu^ Indians to open tlieir hearts

It ilni's lint, indccil, seem tlint any
Indinns aswniblcd at I'"iirt I/.a Motto
— Scliiiylcr not allmlinir to iiny,
(;itlifi' g-oinjifor iTtuniiiiL,'' from Wood
Crock to Liil'riiini'.(N.Y. Doc. Hist.,
ii., lip. 1(10-'.'.) 'I'lic Moliuwlis iind
•Mbany Volunteers, under Miijor
Pi'tcr Sclinylor, sconii'd to liavi-
pushed oil curly to Wood Creek.
Leisler sent up son'o troops from
Now York to Allia.iy, romplained
of as boys; and Connectieut, two
eoiupaiiies, under I'iudi and .(oliii
son. (N. ^. Col. Doc., iii., ]). 7"i'.' ; iv.,
p. 1!1;l.) 'I'o maintain his men, Leis-
ler seized u lot of poor pork, and
disease liroke uit, tlie men ilyiiif;
" like rotten slieep.'' (I/iving-slon to
(foveriior Nieliolsoii, il>., iii., p. 'i"'T.)
Thi' smal]-liox, at the time, juvvailed
at All)any. l''or the conimand of an
exjiedition thus -wretchedly liceuii,
the New England colonies urired th(^
appointment of Fit/, .lohn \.'''>throii.
already conimis^ioiii'd liy the <iov
ernnr (f ('•iiiiiciMi''nl, to enmniand
llie (iMoj'S 1)1' t!ia! cnlniiy. lJei^!e|■
yielded; and, after Wint 1 1 rop reaehe I
Alliany. .Inly '^1, with lifiy men and
t hilly Indian.-. tiMiiiiipl. |i' tin i|U"lii

of L't colony (\. V. Col. Did'., iii.,
p. 7rr3; iv., |i. lOM), I.eisler, .;n the
olst, issued a commission niakinj;'
him Major of the forces. (Doc. Hist,,
ii., p. l.'jS.) At the camp, near .\1-
liany, he found every tiling in confu-
sion, and the small-pox spreadiiei.
lie evidently sided with tli.' .\nti
I,eislerlan8 ; and, in his .lournal,
]irepared in KilKi, never alludes in
any way to Leisler. (N. Y. Col. Doc.
iv., pp. 1'.);>-II,1 On the :i()lh of .July
he nian-lied iorward hy v,-ay of
Stillwater and Saratos;;!, ilelayed by
M-arcity of canoes. (Hist. .Ma,i;-,i.,
p. '.''Jil.) On the (Itli of Au^rust he
iiieamped at the Fork of Wood
Creek ; and, tlie next day, witli part
<>•' his men, went down to llie l-ake.
where he met Schuyler, the lniri;ii
ers, and the Iroquois chiefs, (lb.)
This was, doubtless, the camp seen
by La Phu|U(> and Clermont, with
its small parties prowlinf; abnui.
Ilele. Wiiilhrop called ;i coiiiu-il .11
war, iiiid asked the Indian ehielW
for llieir advice as to the best W:iy
to jirosecnte t\w war. They left it
wholly to him, but finally advised
1 Init I lie wliiile .iniiy should 1 \'

J! . -?.

,»/l

,T|,

IIISTOin Ol' NKW KIJA.NCK.

to tlioir ('oiniiioii h'.-il Ihm , mikI U> conrc'il iiDtliin.;-, Iiowrvcr
sccrot, iliiit liiul ofcurrcd of Into years. I'lu'ii ;iililLTssiiig
the ( )tt;i\V!is (liioctly, ho told tlioui tliiit liu was luvtue uf
all their iieL'oliiitions with the Cantons, ami was ikjI i,Liiio-
raiil tiial tliev iiail j^iven il all up; Imt there still remained
a shade of distrust: and lifiiei' he iie.n'ged tin in to dochire
distinctiv what Jiad iiulueed tlieni to treat wiili the enemv
without the kiio\vled;.;t! of their bather, and wlnit was their
actual disposition toward the I'^reneh.'

"It is ti'ue," re])lied tin! Ottawa orator' "that we
restored to the lro((in)is soun^ slaves, and pioniised to
return others; hut consider tin; way in which we were
treated, ajnl say wjiether we were wrong. After involving
us in \v.[\-, ihe rrench forced us to stop ail hostilities; then

(ll>.. ]■. 1!)."».) riicir coiuliict WHS
liri'iiii''! iiM!-nti>tiictory liy Wiiitliruii;
til" roiiiiiii>si()ii(i-s, iit Atbany, si'ui
woi'il lliiit llii'V ciiiild ol)t:iiii iiu jiro-
virions; siuiill pox briilic (lut lit tlir
l'"()i U ; mid tlic Indians t'ouiKl it iiii-
possililr Id iimlic (■aunos. (W'in-
tlirii]!'.-; Joiiriial, il)., pj). 195-0, con-
(irniinfr tlic l-'ivncli apcounts ; N. Y.
'•ol. Doc. ix., pp. r,V.',-i; !)(.! la
I'dtlii-ric, iii., ]ip. ]'2(i-7; I.i'ttiT of
Mgr. di" !,aval, Nov. 20, 1(190.) Allyn
to IamwIci', Doc. Hist., ii., ]). 1(10, says
the Indians rct'usud to accompany
thorn, or l'urni.sli canoes, tl.ougli
Iicislor denies it. (Col. Doc, iii.,
p. i.-).].) Wintlirop, then, on the
KJti'i, calh'd a council of war, wliidi
concluded to I'alt back. (.lournal,
N. Y. Col. Doc, iv., p. 190; Doc
Uist., ii., pp. 102, 109 ; Hist. Mag.,
i., p. 239.) Tlie next day hu sent
out Caiitain John Scluiyler with
forty Cliristiana and one liundred
Indians (Doc. Hist., ii., p]). l()()-2) ;
and, returning to the Fork, broke
up his camp, and marcho<l back to
the llall'-Moon, near All)auy, wliere
ho turneil ovur thu command to
Captain Fitch, and went to All>any.

(Journal, N. Y. Col. Doc.,iv., ji. lilli.)
Ho does not mention tliat licisler
tliere ariesleil liini, and pul hini in
prison. (Allyn to l.eisler, September,
109(1, N. Y. Doc Hist., ii., p. I(i2),
accusing liim of cowardice (IlLst.
.Mag., 1., p. 229) and treachery (hot-
ter to lirad.struet, Seiit. l."i, 10!)0;
llutcliin.son, i., p. 134), as well as of
adultery and <itlier crimes. Tlio
Indians interfered ; and, at their re-
ipiesi, iioisler released him, and
allowed liini to go to Now York to
make his defense. (Leisler to Shrews-
bury, N. Y. Col. Doc, iii,, p. ',V)3.

VVinthrop was a son of (fovernor
John \Vintlirop, of Connecticut. He
was born, March 14, IGiJO ; was sent
to England, in 1094, as agent of tlio
colony ; and was Hovornor from
1098 to his death, Nov. 37, 1707.

For the Frencli statements of tlie
lossi's of thn English and thi'ir In-
dian allies, .see post and notes.

' De Monseignat. Uelatiuu, &c.,
lilS9-90, N. Y. Col. Doc, ix.,p. 480;
De la Potherie, llistoiro do I'Ame-
rique Sept., iii., p. 99.

■ De la Potherie calls him Mani-
touchagan.

147

I (lyo.

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ill

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148 i;iKi'«)iiv •,ii- m;\v I'ifA.vci".

1690. we wove coniiu'llod to talui up tlic linlclict U',';iin. witlioiit
"— '>""~'' ,'iiiy I'casdii liuiii;^' ^'ivcii. Wc cdiiM iiiiikc iiotliiiiL;' of all
tliis ticklc'iic'ss, mill \wvv still mom ,sm'i)i'i.s('(l iit tlu> Wiiiit
ol' vi^or sliowii ill canTiiiL,' on (lu> war. At last, fearing
that till' I'Vcncli, hard luishril to ilclVii;! thi'iii.sclvcs, -wiuild
luavt' us to bo ci'iishi il, in tlu'ir iiialiilitv to ,','iv(> 11s aid, wo
t'cit bound to look to our own si>cnrit_v. We aet'ordiii,yl_v
scut and ivcoivrd pvojiositions ; but this iiop^utiatiou caiiio
to no hoad. Tln' I'.rst of oiiv aniba-sadors di{Ml airioULj flic
Scuecus ;' tlic others returned ^ricliilliinukiuao, witliort
eoniin^ to anv detinite conelusion. At this jnnctiire, wo
learned of the return of (UU' old Father ; and as soon as lio
niado known his will, we Itanislicd all thouf,'lit.s of uudiin,^
terms with the Irocjuois, and liavi; eonii! down to learn
uioro explicitly our Father' intentions." '

As soon as he ceased s])eakinp;, the Huron orator'' rose,
and said that, for his part, "he had neve)' forsaken tiu!
['"reiicji alliance, oi' the obedieueo he owed to his Father,
to whom he was resolved to be ever faithful, come what
mieht." Aleu knew what was to be thouj^lit o'' lis pro-
testation ; but it was no time to make rei)roaches, and no
answer was made. All the oth(>r Indians declared that
they shared the o|)inions e.\[)ressed by these, and deFron-
touae was much iudobtod to Louis Athcri!-ata for f^ivini;-
occasion to this little exitlauatiou. He broke up the con-
ference, lest it should de.^ener'ite into a wrangle, and said
that, as soon as ho liad repulsed tiie enemy from his terri-
tory, eveiy < w could ■eturn home.

The next day the scouts came in, reporting that thoy
had seen nothing, .'.nd observed no trails. On this, th<^
army was dislmndrd till further orders, and the settlei's
went to hurry in 'ueir crojis, as to which there was consid-

,1

V-k

i ' !

' III' ih: ciillrd ill I'lTiii 11, r,". ;\'titp l'Aiiu'i'ii|U ■ Sr|it., iii., ji. i)!l : X. \.

liiirini'. Di' hi J'ulliiTii-. iii., iH) : Cul. Dor., ix., p. -IsO.

N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., 1). 4b0. - = Tins I'liicf, ciilli'il - 'i'lir Huron,"

• Di' 111 I'otlierio, IlistoiiT ilr was iitrailoi', nnil joinod tin' Kn^'lisli.

' ./■

,11

llisr()i;v i»i.' NKw i'i!.\\('|.;

149

craMc ;ni\i(ty.' Tud dnys nl'tcr, !iii lni(|U()is luivty fell on 1690.
11 111 if,'lil''!()(l, calli'il L:\ Soiu'lic,' only tliioi'Miuiii'tois of ji ^— v^—
iiiilo from tlu^ spot wIutc tli(> army liiid ciK'iiiiiiX'd. They f.i.uw
foiuul ilic scltli rs 1111(1 sonic soMicrs scaltcrcil in the lldils i,'m"ii,'(i,!
r< .ipliig, ahlion-li (iid.T.s had lie. u !.;ivrii lo lin (Mii^tanlly "'JiVpi iv.,l!'
on the alert and iii'ar laiotij^di lu liclp cacii otlna'. Alo-;t of
them AVi'iv iinKctl imarnii'd, and tlio conimandaiit of thai
([uartov liad I'vcii nc.i^ltadcd to jiost sentinels, as liad heeii
expressly din cled.

Still, some made a resolute defense, and the lro(|uois Idsl
six men. On tin' French side there were ten soMiors,
eleven settlers, and four women, taken or killed ; many cat-
tle slan,inhtered, and houses and hay-slacks lairiied.' The
enemy tiallered themselves that they would not slop liere
in this -vork ; lii:(, perceiviiii;- a coiisideralile force advancing'
from ^lontreal, they r<';j:ained tho woods. This ])arty was
only adelachmeut from the army discovered hy La I'laipic,
the fate of which we shall see in iliie season. The Co. at
de Froiilciiac was (juite nettled at haviii,^,' so easilv creii-
ited his .seouls, and experienced such a reversi> hefore ilic
eyes of his allii's. He felt all the dan,i;vr that he 'vould
have ineuri'ed, liad tlio whole force of the enemy then
fallen on him.

On tlie 4th of Septeinlier, the very day of this adventure,
the General assembled the Indians for the last time, as thev

' Di' Mdiis.iiinnt, lidiilinn, \t.. O.v Vrinr]\ l.^vc dicii' cuiup, uinl

N. V. Col. Viir , ix.. |i, Isl ; Dr 1,1 iiitMi'kicI tlir mm in tlii' ficlils.

I'titlu'ric, llisliiiiv (Ir I'Aim'r'Kiiir (An,'. 0;!, (). S., Scjit. I. \. S.) 'I'lii'v

S.'|it., iii., p. 101. 'I'll!' scouts nc- look iiini'ii'i.ii iiri-ioncr.-: luiil >ix

tuully pns.'^cd nn Iroiiiii.is Inic,-. Ill, sculps, " imioiii;- wliirli wvv.' Univ

- l.ii iMiiii'chc, D.' Ill Pntlicric, w.inivu lulU," Tli.y killiMJ (in(.

iii., p. 101; N. Y. Col. Ihtc. ix., liumln..! and fifly licnd of c»tlli..

!'• '"^1- 111' iiicntioiis only one liidiiiii l<illc.d

■' Dc iMtmsciu-iuit, l!(.lation, Ike, 011 liis side. Tlicy killrd two Fniicli

N. V, Col. Doc, ix., p. Isi ; Di. hi prisni'Ts 1,11 tli.'. lioni.-w.ird niiir.'li.

I'olhiri,", ilistoin- dc. I'Aiii.'i'inu,. iSr,.. al,-o. LcI^Kt's Ken.".-, Sr| 1. :;o.

Sciit.. iii., pp. 101--,>. I'liplain .lohn ISOO, Doc Hist., ii., |i. 111:1.) Mi'.t.

Scliuylcr's .loiinial luakcs his lorce Ki.lallcn. p. IT, inak.s ihis a d.lai-li-

Inrty-two whilc.s, and one Iiundrcd mcnt IVoin tlii' force whicli was to

and twenty-live Indians. They .saw niardi from Lake »ii.'oi-''e.

ii i !

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0' i^

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if

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no

IIISI'tiHV i»K NKW I'llANCK

Ki

>i 4

I ^f;i.

M. lie KliMi

ti'imc ill"

lni-»l"l till'

tlltlllUI.'<,

New clii'ck
Iniiii III''
Ironiciis,

i'!iinf>stly linked to 1)1' iliMiiiis>(iMl ; In' tnM tln'in that tliov
t liiiiilil lie siifislicd witli tliii priccH ivt wliirli tlicv Irul Ixu'ij
Mipplit'd witli ^'odils; (liiit lio woiilil liuve doiio nioni in
llicii' favor had ho boon uotiliod sooir'I' oI' tlnir coniiii^' ;
lliiit, on tho Avholi), if hert'toforo thry iiad iiiiiipliumid of
ilir iiit,'h ]>i'ic'() of oiir },'()( Ills, t ho Fri'iich could juslly n»-
inducli tht'iii ill turn; that ho approved I'Vrn thiiij^'Haid
in liiH uanio by his I'livoy Povroi ; that tiioy shouhl bo
«'onvini'cd that their inierest re(|niieil tliciii to make war
upon the Iro(|nois; that, for his pari, lie would not lay
down till! hatchi^t till that nation was hniidiliMl ; that ho
exliorted theiii to harass il, ii!i('easint,'iy, till lliey wore in
a ])oMiti(m to j^'o and attack Ihrin in their own country;
thai they knmv what he had already done a.^ainst tlie
I'.iiulisii ; that ho was resolved not to ^ive them a monu'iit's
r spite ; that ho had tliouL^ht it ri;^dd Lo be^'in with tlioni,
lieeanso thoy wore the iirime movers of the tronblos; that,
by his orders, they had spared tho Mohawks at Seh((nec-
tady in the hope that they would yield Jo tho exhortations
ol' Oureonhaiv ; but that, inasmuch as they continued to
aliusi- his Unity, ho was ,i,'oiiiL; to ]nish them to tlu^ wall,
lie sup|)orted his words by very tine presents and tliaton-
j^'a^in;;' nianncr which he could assunu! so well when he
\\ished to iiain any one, and tho Indians set out wvy well-
satistiod witii him and witli all tho French.

A fow days after their departure, tho Irofiuois appeared
in several places, and a^ain surprised Frenchmen who
imagined them far enough away. Tho Siour des Marais,
a seconded captain, who commanded FurtChateau,!:;ue,above
Sanlt St. Louis, hi'.viuf^ },'ono out into tho fields with
his valet and a soldier, fell into an ambuscade laid for him
by three of those Indians, who each picked his uuxn, and
killed all three.' On the iJ-2d of Si'ptomber tho Choval-
lier tie la Motto and the Sieur Murat, lieutenant, were at-

' Pi' Mi)ns('ijriiiit, l!"liili(iii dc ('c I'otlii' 'ir, Ilistdiri^ iIi' rAiiii'rii|U.'
i|ui s't'ft piissr, \i'., HWMJO, N. V. S"pt,, iii., pii. loi-lil). 'I'licy ri'])-

('•'!. l>i)l'., i\,, pJP. ISI-'.' ; \)v III l•^.'^^^'llt only Dcf lll'Ullis ilS Uilll'll.

\

lilsruUi Vi MAN I'iiAMl,,

lol

J

tacked l»_v n more nnnicrouH piirtv thuii tliiil iiinlrr their 16.^0.

eiiiiiiiiaiitl ; tliey I'l'piilseil it, iiesi'rtlu'li.'S;* ; luit tli ■ liniiaiiM — i-^'

liitvili^' returmd l.i tiic cliiir^^'e ilt 11 time wiicii the l';eiu'li

nUk'er.s siiii|M»seii tlicm in full retn-at, the Chi'S.iliiT il.' hi

Motte w.i^ killed (in the spot, iiiid it Wiis novel' alter Kimium

what Ik eaiiie of Sieiir Murat.'

In his iiiortilieation at this uiiwehonie news, Frontenar riuin.im.'H

ealli'il Oiiii'duhari' ; and, after luietlv explainiii;,' tn him the Iii'i'i'ii'inimi'i'

cdiirse whieli he had |airsiied tiiwaid his nation Imtli diu'-

iii;.;' his loimer administration and siner his reliirn iVom

I'lance- Traill he tliou,i;ht lie eould have llattrnd himself,

that at least gratitude for the iii'nelits which l^' had pei-

soii.dly liestowed on him, would have indaeed him to opiii

th>est.-of his t'onutiyineu; and tha' ln' must he eithiT

quill' insensible to his kindness, if he had lieini wan'inx

in this duty; or was liut lij^ditly esteemed hy his nation, if

he had Iteeu uiialile to make tluMu adopt ideas more lea-

soaalih' and more oonl'ormaltle to their real intei<'sts.

TheIr(j(|UoisHt'uiued uuirtitiediit these words.oiw ideh he Tim ln-
„,,,,,„ 1,1 , ■ 1 1 ■ 11. 11 , ilhiii'Hi'i plv

tilt all ill'' loree, Init he eontauied hine-ell nevertlulrss ; and,

without evinein^' tlio least annoyance, he.^'^cdlhedeneralto
roniomber that onhisrutuni IVoin Franee he found the Can-
tons bound by an alliance with the En.'^li-di, which it was not
easy to iireak, and so envouonied against the French, whose
treaclii'ry had, so to say, driven tliem to i'ontra<'t that alli-
ance, that it hr.d been necessary to trust to time and ci-
enmslances for a more favoiable disposition ; that, for hi^
own pari, he eoidd reproaidi hiuiseli' with nothing;; his it-
I'nsa.l to I'eturn to his canton, where lui was passionatijy
desired, should have liaidsiied eve'y s\is[)icion of Ins lldil
ity ; if, notwithstaiidin;,' so unniistakablo a tokttn of his ai-
tachnieiit to the French, they were so unjust as to eiitcr-

l:li;i airv Slisiiicjons, ||> would ""iji dispel IllrUI.

Ill I'Viliiiiil. < 'imr
|. ;|::. !•• i< six I'll

irill-ilciiri'. ii , Mill wiiM !j-riiiili'ii |.i liliii, .Inly ','li,

l,:i MiiMr ill' HI'-:;. H.iiiclii'llr. 'rii|iiii,'nii.liiijl P.

liiiKsirTi', Si'lu'iii'MP ill' III liussiiii- hii'i|itiiiii, p. m'.'I, xxix.
ili.'iT. 'I'lic Sr iLTiiriny still lii'iiriiii; -' l)i' lii I'nllii'iic, lli-itninili' rAiiu'

lii.-^ Ilillllr i> ill l!ia'Uill::ll,ll rniilil,, l'ii{Ui' Si { 'I rill I inii.i'i . ij i p. IH.I. iVi'.

1!

11

•'.I

i.

i'

' (j

''.I

Sitnll

ISiSi f:l

^I '.

152

msroliV OF XKW I'UAXt'F,

^li

1 i ' ''■

III . :l

1690. Tliis iv]tly almost iiirido Fniiitoniic ropont his ill-liuiaof,
'^"^ iu:il tlio tUstrust it liiul i!is])iveil ; lio f^avo some marks oF
An I'.imii-ii i'lii'iulsliii) to Oiueouliaiv, ami rc^solvocl to devoto liimscil'

\y,n\.^ in In- Uliiro

tliaii rvi^r to sccun' s(.) rrasoiialiU^ a man, IVoui whom

HK'iri' ('iic-

hi' \v;i.-; .satihhcil i

U! C'UUlil o

Main imndi'laiit sciviccs ; Vmt

h(' soon liaJ other lUiitters to attend to. On tlio li)th ol'
Oi-loluT, as lio was pro()arin!.;- to return to C^nobee, an
olUcei', who had left that eapitid the day before,' ha;ided
liim two letters from Mr. Provol, Majcn' of the fo. t, and
C\imniaiidant in his absence, tlieru being then uo King's
Lieutenant in Canada. The tirst, date(l the oth. .'^tated
that an Abena([ui had just brought in word thaL tliiriy
vessels had s,u1(h1 from JJoston; and it was posinve y
fstated that their ohjeet was to lay siege to (^)in.'l>ee.'

This Jndian, to whose zeal and diligence A'(,'\v Fraini'
was, in i)art, indebted i'or its salvation, had com>; in twe v.'
days from reseadoue;' he further informed ]\l.r. PruV'Vu
that the English ileet had been six. weeks at sea. The
?.fajor"s second letti'r, dated the 7th, stated that the Sicur
de Canonville had imtiiied him that he had pcrceivoil, v.ear

lie iviitrs "Auriinia''." ('MUlrirr; i i;'iii luc iiSl.'nUi.m, uulr^is n'liiiin-:!. I.iin-

i- '• Tawcraiifl — 'I'lii raw.ii ;." (I'.isi. ^■■vin, Nulis siir li's Afi'liivc;' ilc

1.1 til.' i''ivr Xatidiis, l-oii i pii, 1717. .\oii-i' .I):iiiH' (ie llciiii] i.il, (.^lu hn',

\>\>. '.)',. 111. l-.'l.) Annilicr lOniili..!! ISdH. Pari !.. p. o'.l, M'ivrs lii:^ iianir

r.irni 1- •■'I'aw ri.il." (N. W Cni, 1), !■,. as l''i:iuc'i> I'rovnsI, I luliniivili"

iii.. p. .'iiiO.) I'nr- ill!- -illur l''i;'iic',i r.|-iiki- i.r luMi as tin- most ii|irijit

infill.--, M-i- OTallatrhaii's Iii(1i-n. N. V. man ln' ruiiuil in Caiiaila. His aaiii.-

('ill. Dm-., r,rliii " Ori'liaoii'." a|i|pi-iu-.- as 'I'liwii Majcji- oT (.liirlni-

. ' |);- Moll? -i.nliu!, UrIati.Jii, \-c., lis i-ai-ly as lii,;! iN. V. Cul. Dn,.,

N. V. C.il, l>-'i-. ix., 11. IS.', sa.v.s thr i\,, p. ',l7) ; ..lul !,- I 'l.-r(-i| niv.-. i l'/,:i:

iiu-i-si-n^fl- li-U l.Jiu-lii-1' the 7lli. .\i'- lissi-iui-m, ii., p. -tO(l) that la- lu-l.l

count s-i'iit ii La Fk-m' ili' Mai. (Hi. tin- dlUi-i- 1 wrntv vi-ar.-i : lie lamis liis

]i,-t."i."i.) Fi-iinl;iia.-li)SciL;'iii-lay, Nov,, wisilcuii ami vali.i-. In jiilis lie is

'JO. (11'., ".(Jl.l in liis c-i'rata, ('liai'ic (-allnl Kin.r's l.iciii.-uaiii.
\i;v iill.'i'.- I'l' iiaiih' "]■ 1!,,- M:!\ci- - |)r .NlMn-.-l.- iial. iJ'I.lini, >\r

..: ("Il-Il.-C 111 I'r.iV -•!. Mlul ■! IVi il, N. ^ , ( ;.i, I'.ir., i'. . |., ',y , ; I >i la

i-nisi i|iiini 1> . ill 111'- li-N! I'l- i:i I'.illi li--. Ili-'u'l' il.- IW iii-'i ii|ii,

l>,-ll|.-| II- lln--:; nnl f'i'.-|' iii^ lialll- t'll.i^i. ]•. HI: Frnh|i-ll:|.' ImI'm'

liii, |i. I'll. Mmi^ i'-nat siy.; I'r-- >iiiri i- r. \m\iiiiIi-i I',', lll'io- ,N. ^^

viisl. (X. ^. !'iil. Mill'., i., ]-. -1^-'.) I'liI, l>-ii'., ix, p. ■'.:>'• : Caiiaila Di.i.-.

.Mmi |).-iu.iivill.-. I Hi., pp. :!l)7- :;.'-'-.) II . v.. p. r.',.
(■i,„ii,Aii, Willi! i :i.il li;.\. hi.i.i' \l"i' I i.il-.,li|-. ■■ !'• i,i.i„.iia I "

if

HISTORY (IF NEW FUANCE.

163

Ttuloussiic, twouty-four Euglisli vessels, ei^lit of wliich 1690.
seeuieil to iiiiu very Itirt^e. The AEiijor added tliat, on this "-"r-"^
iiifoi'iuatioii, he had detaclied his brother-iu-huv, the Sieiir
de. truandville, with a biseayeinie ' and a well-armed cauoo
to obtain more ecrtain intellii,'eace.

The (roveriiov-Geueral had some hesitation in crediting \viiy M. a*
that such a formidable fleet was so near, without his hav-

ing had the slightest hint of its equipping at Boston. Ho
nevertheless embarked at once with Mr. do Champigny
in a small vessel, in which they wer(! well nigh lost ;" and
the next day, aliont three c'cloek in tho afternoon, a sec-
ond courier from Mr. Provot informed him that tlie De-
moiselles de la Lande and Joliet had been taken near
Tadoussa(; liy a ileet of thirty-four sails, which might well
be, at the time he was writing, at Isle-aux-Coudres : that
is to s;xy, witliiu lifteeii leagues of (^uel)ee.''

\\'hat JKul contributeil most to deceive Frontenae, autl
trauquilize him in regard to Quebec, was that he believed
the English fully occupied on the t:oast of Acadia, w Inch
lie had more than one reason to sui)pose their ol)ject.
The fact was true ; biit ho erred in sui)])osiug that Acadia
would delay the Eughsh longer than it actually did.
Moreover, he could not persuade himself that sutHcient
force could be sei?t out of Boston to attack, at the same
time, all New Franco ; still less that Acadia had been
reduced, and that the conquerors could Ijriug him tho Urst
intelligence.

w;is siir-
I>ri.si,il.

I KhixCiuiciuic \vu8 a bout, sliui'i) Montn'al, uiiil n^portcd tliirty-thri'f
ill liow iuitl (Stern ; soiiR'tiiiics with vcs<: in. Dciiiiiisfllc was ii title then
masts even, Iml always udapli'd Hir dl' niarrieil lailies. Tlie DeiUdiselle

■•■ ['"I'diiteriac to the .Minister, Nov.
\l. l(i!)(), .N. V Col. Doc.ix., ]i.|.-il);
Jneherean, llistoiie di' ['Hotel Dieii,
iv :!I8.

Joliet, here luelilioMeil, ,vns the wife
of I.ouis ,)olieI. the eollipailion of
Mar.iuelie. (La llontaii, Voyaj;es, i.,
1>. '.2I().) Front eniic's letter makes
the courier arrive eiirlier. N. Y.

' Oe .Mon.seif^nat, Helatioji, &e., <'ol. Doe., ix., p. I")!) : Aceount sent
.S. Y. Col. Doe., ix., p. 4s;i, s»y.s tho .by La Fleur de IMai (Ih., p. -ISo) ;
necoiid courier met him at 'i P. M., he Cl,ic.|, Etablissemeiit de' la Foi,
nt St. Ours, iil'leeii leagues from ii., p. 117.
Vol.. IV. ji)

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i^

Tliis evil came from his not bciii'v siifficipiitly informed
-~-^r^~-^ of the Avretchctl state of that province. Wo liav(! seen
I'ositioM ill tliiit four ships, clearing from the poi't of Boston, had
Aciuiiadiin ii])p( iu'cd iu sight of Casco Bay, at the moment wlusn that
fori had just surrendered to Mr. de Portnouf.' It Avas
afterward known at Quebec that these ships, arriving too
late to relieve Casco Bay, had made sail for Port Pioyal.
Frontenac had i-ercsived, in the mojith of July, a confirma-
tion of this iiue]lij;enco ;'■' but he was not in a position to
rfilieve that place in case of attack ; nor, ai^parontly, did
he believe it destitute of troops, ]n'ovisio!is, and ammuni-
tion to the jioint it actually was.

Nevertheless, de Manneval, Gov(>rnor of Acadi;i, who
ordinarily resided at Port Royal, had a garrison of only
eighty-six men and eighteen p.ieces of artillery, which
were not ev^n mounted, "^riie last fortifications erected at
the ]ilace weri, ■-•" insignificant, that they could not protect
it against an assault,'' and they were in absolute neoil of
(ivery thing. Tlu- otliei' ]iosts were still less fortified, and
as ill provided. Moreover, mot't of the French settle-
ments, even more scattered than iliose on the 8t. Law-
rence, were abs.jbitely without defense.

Such was the situation of Acadia, when, on the '22d of
"lay, 1(!90,' a soldier and two settlers, who were on guard
at the mouth of the basin of Port Royal, perceived two
English ships, crowding sail to enter. They, at once, fired
a horfc," th(^ signal prescribed to notify the Governor, and
embarked in all haste in a canoe. They reached tins fort
aboitt eleven o'clock at night ; and, on their repin't, de

It isiil-
l:ickf(l hv

tll(!

EiiKlisll.

I J

' Ante, |). l;!(l. ■'"(• MatliiM-Vi to tlif Iiimin <li' Bckancourt iiiid lo

Mnirnnl'm, Honk ii., j). ;? di' ViUrlidn.

• Li' ClcHMi, Etal)li;.-('iiu>nt do Iji ' IK McniU'val to ilr Si'if^iii'liiy,

t\ii, ii., p. Mil. Miiy2!), IC'lO (in N. Y. Col. Dod,

■' Di' Moiisi'igiiat, iii'lation, itr . is., p. P'?l 1, snys tluit tlicy arrivrd,

N. Y, Col. Doc, is., p. 174, nn.l IV. May Ii).

la I'oHicrio, Hifitoirc i'.i' rAiurriquc '' Appai'ontly, a bi'iile ili- njo'ii.t-

Sept., iii., p. 81, say Iii'twrcn nixty fimicc, a siui 11 cannon, suf up vcr-

and I'ilzlity. Tlii' coniinandcr, Mob- tically and ] lir'TSi'd when fired —

imau i\v Mfiiiicva', wiis a lirotiirr n<iiM' lirin r tlic ohin't

I .

i '

lllSTOIiV OK NKW KliANt.fc;.

Mimiu^vfil !it oiii'o fired a canuou to notify tlio sottleis ti
tisHomljlc! at Lis (^uiirtcirs.

On tlu! 'iUtli, the English sciuadroD^ coiisistiii.L,' of a
forty-gnu frigato, a vessel of sixteen, a tiiirJ of eight guns,
and four ketches, auchored half a leagui; from Port Koyal ;
and tiie Aduiival, William PJiil)s, au ndvcniturer, whosi'
UH')'it was i)n)])()iti()iiate to his early couditiou of carpenter,
sent his boat to the fort, with a trumpet' r, to summon the
Governor to surreuder his post, with all it contaiucd, with-
(mt any capitulation,'

l)e Manneval letaiued the trumpeter ; and, for lack of
ot'ilcers, sent Mr. Petit," priest of the Senuuary of (Quebec,
who actinl as his chaplain, to obtain at least toleralde con-
ciitions from tlie English ('.eiu'ral ; for, f:(uu tlie outset, he
saw how useless it would bo to attempt a defense with so
few soldiers, poorly armed, discouraged, without a single
Oiiicer, and unable to rely on the settlors, only tiiue of
whom came up in answer to his signal for as.iembliiig.
He had absoluti'ly no one to mount and work Jiis cannon;
and, besid(>s, he 'liad been, for two raontlis, racked with
gout, anil was assured that the enemy had eiglil hundred
laud troops on board.''

' l)i' iMousL'igiMit, KcUitiun, iV'c,
N. Y. I'lii. i)iic., ]>.., \'. ui, jj;\wa
ihis lii'ii'lly, !Sir W ilii;ii!i l'h'n)V,.s
siiu (jf .Jiinu's I'liii-; s, a ^ainsiuitli
tVom Bristol, wiis Iidi-ii in wliiit Ls
now l'lii|ii\sl)urg, >;;:iar; ljcc;ili',c u
slii|M'ar[>cntoriin(l luililcriit Shcc-|..-i-
cot and Boston. Wont to sea in
11)77 ; ut'trr one I'ailiirc suiicci'dud in
raising' a Siianish trcasurr ship, liy

■' liov. Lo!i:;i I'ciit. loin at Kont'n.
iu l(i2i), canu' uut as a caiitain in tlic
Hcgimcnt C.i.igiuin SaliT-rcs ; hut.
renouncing' t-i.' currcr oi'arnis, slnd-
ii'd at till' S.iaiiiur,- 111' tjuclicc, and
was ordaini'ii, l)rr. :^1, 11(70. He was
chaplain at !■ a-cl, I'roni lii7'-', to '7(1,
an.l se:it to ,'i adia in l(i?7. I'lupps
canicd hint t'l Boston; bnt jio re-
turned to i'oji iioval the same year,

whic^i lie obtained £1(),()IH) and and c(jntinue'.l his h.hors till 1700,

knighthood from .lames [1,, in .lune, at Quebec and .Ancieune l.nrette,

Ki'Sr. ."lUdro.-i made haa Sheriil' of lie died at the Seininai'v of (Juebec,

Ni \v r.ngland. lie w;\s made CJov- ,Inne o, 170,). aged eighty years.

( ri!oi- of Massaclia.-e!!.- in lil'.IJ, re- Taschereau, Memoir on the CJiU'bee

ealh-!! for violence ill ID'.i.'i.iiiul died in Seminary Mis^ions in .\cadia, .Ms,;

I-Dii loll, Fi'liruaiy i '■. lii-),"). lie >aiU'd 'Mi)" Anuiv. du Seiri, de (.Iiu'Ikc,

i';-(.m Xantasket, .'.piil i!", i'iiio, (), [), 14 ; !St, Va.iier, Ktai i'l-.M^u,
^., and reached i'url Koyal, May 11, •' Ilistoire (ie(jgraph;(|Ue (i ia

.Mat'uT'si Magualia, Book ii., ]). -17. N'ouvelle Kco^j.-jc, p. 111.

165

1690.

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Tlie
(iovcrnor

liy (lajiit-
\ilation.

HWTOKY OF NEW FRANCF-.

William Pliibs at first dcclai'cd to Mr. Petit, tliat ho
iimst liiivo tlic Governor, his garrison, an<t ./.' tiio settlers
at discretion. The ecclesiastic resolutely answered that
Mv, do Mauneval would die sooner than bo guilty of such
cowardice. Pliibs then asked whether ho came prepared
to otter any ]")ropositions, and the reply was that ho had
orders to say that Port Koyal would be surrendered to him
on the following conditions : First, that the Governor and
soldiers should march out with arms and baggage, and Ik;
taken to (^)uebec, in a vessel to be furnished them ; second,
that the settlors should be preserved and maintained in
the peaceful possession of all their ])r()]>ei'ty, and tliat the
honor of the women, married or unmarried, should ho, ]wo-
tected ; third, that all should liave the free exercise of
the lioman Catholic nOigiou, and that the Clnirch should
not bo touched.'

'iV» all appearance, Phibs had already come to a resolu-
tion U: gi'ant every thing, and hold to nothing. The case
I'ith V hich he consented to Mr. Petit's requirements, and
his sid)St (j'.ient conduct leave scarcely any room for doubt.
It is certain tnat he raised no ditticultics ; but when the
ecclesiastic proposed to him to put the capitulation in
writing, ho refused, saying that his word as (ienoral was
Avorth more than all the writings in the world. It was in
vain for ]\Ir. Petit to insist ; he e 'nld get no more."

Mr. do Mainieval was not even as dilticult as his envoy.
Innnediatelj' after tho Litter's return, he wrote to the Eng-
lish General that ho al)ided by the terms agreed iipon, and
that if he would send his boat the next day, he would go
on board to meet him, and give a convin(;ing proof of the
frankness with which ho acted. Phihs sent his boat, tho
Governor embarked, the capituliition was orally confirmed
in the presence of tho Sieur des Gouttins, King's Hcrivencr.
acting as Comniissaire Ordounateur at Port lloval, and tho

I I)r >rc'iin''Viil to Soigncliiy, N.Y. cllnrts, a iiii-mdir (CmihuIh Puc, III..
Col. ])iif., ix., p. ilOl. i., |i. 'JlSi ii>('i'ilirs tlif ciiiituri' dI'

' Id si)itr lit' Ki'V. Mr. Petit's Port Hoynl to him

ii.ffnS'

nSToHV OK NKW rUANCE.

English Ccnerul adiled that ho loft it to jNIr. do Miuuu>vars
choico, to l>o tukeii with all liis garrisuu to Frauco, or to '
Quebec.

Tho Governor stated that he would prefer to go to
France, and Philjs promised to send him thither. All
being thus concluded, do Manneval and the English Ad-
miral landed. The former handed the la^ys of tho fort to
tho latter, and made him master of tho place. When lie
saAV tho actual condition of Port lloyal, Phibs seemed
much astonished, and repented having granted such hon-
orable conditions to men so little al ile to make any def(ms(> ;
ho nevertheless dissembled till he !.)und a pretext for vio-
lating a capitulation Avhich he pretended had boon extorted
from him by surprise.

Ho did not seek one long: for learning that, while the
Crovornor was on board, some drunken s(jldiors and set-
tlors had taken sometliing from a store belonging to Mr.
Porrot, do Manneval's i)r(;(h^ccssor as Governor of Acadia,
ho declared that, as \vh,;t l\ad been taken belonged to the
King, his master, he felt li inuself no longer bound to adhere
to what he had promised. He then began by disarming
tho soldiers, and contlmsl tlicni all i:i tho church ; he even
demanded of Messrs. do ?,lanneval and di;s (u)uttins their
swords, which he, nevertlieiess, at once restorml, ini'orming
them, hov.ever, that tlii-y w(>ro his prisoners. He assigned
tho Governor his mvu lumse as a prison, and set a
sentinel theie ; robbed him of all his money, and even of
his clothes ; gave uj) all the houses to pillage, because, Ik;
said, he knew that the farmers had concealed all their best
things ; and did not even spare the priest's house, nor the
church, whore his men c^immittcd great iinpietiof

' Do Monscigimt, Hulatum, &i'., O. S., innitidus tlic tuTiviil of Sir

X. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 47.5; Dk- :-\'u- Wiliiam Pliipiis iit \\..^.o:i on tluit

n(?Vfil to Si'ijrncliiy (H)., p. H'-M). Tlic dii.v, witli do .Mi'iiUcViil, two ]n-\v^\>-.

(lati-of tlicciiptuiTis Lnvfii i\s Mhv ami nbout sixty ^ol.!il rs, witli

•01. Dc MniiR'Viil, witliltrv. Mi.-is. plmulcv. He alliidi s to tlic •' cn^^M'S

Petit ami 'I'nii.vt', wito cm-ricl to and inumts lii-okcu d.iwii.' N."\.

15oHlon. (IV la I'ollirrif, iii., p. ^■•"- > Doc. ilist., ii., p. IK!. Ivnowniii

ISradstroct to l.cisl.T. May :;o. Ifi'.io. Q.^duc i.idy iii.\nt;'. .Ti'.rlicrMii.p TiT.

157

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IIISTOKV OK i\M-;\V FKANCi;.

l6,;o.

i.s ]iiii'siii

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Some (layH beforo Mr. rcnol -wlio, iiitor losiii;.; lie
oilice of (iovLTiuir oi' AL-iulia, liiul luiuaiiUMl in tliat- ]ii()v-
Mr. I'.iiot iucu for liis i)nviai! a Hairs— had eiubarkfil in u J-..(cli
witii tliu bienr Duclos, his clerk, wiili tlio view of tradiiij.,'
along tlu! coast. On th(! 27tli of jMay, as he was rctiiniing
to Port lioyal, unconscious that (he English wvvo in ])os-
scssion, he was— foi'tunatcly for hini— (hitainnl by a liead-
wind at the mouth of the bay. Then, not siehig the usual
sentinel, ho suspected sonielJiing, and got into a canoe,
witli Mr. Danioixr, a Canadian gejitleinan, anil an Indian,
to ascertain what had hai)pened. After advancing three
leagues, lie perceived an English .ship at anchor in tlie
rive]', on whicli the town was built, and heard the re])ort
of several cannon and volleys of musketry.

Believing that an action was going on, he hid his canoe

in the woods, and went on foot to the tirst house, which

he found abandoned. Ketiring in hasli', 1,(^ jmuped inlo

Ills canoe, and pushed olt to his ketch, wIul-Ii he found in

I lie basin. It had already atli'actetl (he a:teiitiou of two

l-lugli.shmeii, who, learning of lii.s return, awaited him, and

had embarked in a sloop to board iiim ; but, as the tide

was falling, the sloo}), which was not far from the sliore,

grounded. Perrot proMted by this accident ; and, afttM'

avoiding a canoe, which idso pur.sued him for some time',

111! reached his ketch, hoisted sail, and left the basin.

The English .shij), which he had i)erceived, having al-i,

observed him, gave him chiise ; but, seeing it fruitle.s;;,

sailed back into i)ort, and 'Mv. Perrot entered Poi! des

>.lines.

Mr. Vilic- ^>ii the llth of June, the Clievalier de Villebou. capt.ain,

"';!i 'roli'^'^ *-""-' '^l' lii<J !i''"^ "'' iln' Parol! of Pekancourt, arrived from

'li'mi-'iiur Fi'tnii^'*^' lit Port iio^aJ, his company being in xicadia.

no'ioliiirr '^^^^'^'^ i"' '''^iUKi T'lessrs. Perrot and des Gouttius, and from

"'^■'•^' Ihem l(;arned that .Xdmiral Phii)S had remained there only

twelve days; i':i;il ! e IkhI carried oft' Mr. de Manncval, a

sergeant, and iii:riy-eight .-.oidieis, wiiii .\lr. I'rtii and

1 J

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i.VJ

iinotlicr occlcsi.istic, nainod I\Ir. Trnnvi'' ; ' that iK-tnrc liis i6c;o.
(lc])iiituro ho iisscinMcd tlu! ccjldiiiHts, .-tiul adiaiiiisUrcd to — ,^~^
l.cm au oath of fidelity Ui tlic sovciui.^DS of lMiL;laml,
W'illiain and Mary ; tliat he iiad Kct up his first ser^;i'aiif,
OIK! Chevalier, as Couiniaiidaiit of Port lloyal, and six of
the lu'ominoiit settlors to adiuinister justice as (•(niiu-illors.

This iuforniatioii greatly eud)arrassed the Chevalier dc
ViUobou. Ho had l)ron},'ht with him from France tlie
Sieur Saccardie, au enginoei', and consulted with tiiat
olHccr, Porrot, and des CTOuttins, what w as to be doiu' at
this junctim! to save the rest of a colony, of wjiich iu^ was
alone in charge, and to put bi-yond dan_!.;('i' the I'oyal stores
that he had Ijnnight from Franco. What disturbed liim
most was that tho En<,'lisli wort- still in Port do la Hevc,
where, in less than throe duys, they might be informed ol'
his arrival; and he was by no means hi a ])osi,ion In
resist them, in case they returned to attack liini in Port
lloyal.

All things maturely considered, it was unanimously
resolved to retire to St. John's Piiver, whore the Chevaliei
do Grandfoutaine had built a fort at a place called Ji'niset,
or J'embac ; " to transport to it what belonged to the King
and the Company ; to rally there all th(> soldiers they
could — several of whom had escaped from the hands of
the English, or nuinaged not to fall into thorn ; to order
the Sieur do Montorgueil, lieutenant in Yillobon's com-
pany, who was at Chedabouctou with a detachment of
fourf eon soldiers, to join his captain at Jemset ; and, when
nil this was done, to erect a stono fort at tho same place,
and theuco send all possible aid to the Indians, and
encdurago them to coutinue the wur, which they ke])t ti]>
with constant activity iiga nst the Englisji. In fact, these

' Sc'i' in\te vol. iii.. \\ 1 Id. i', .l".;:i}, it is " (Irmisick," and said to

■•' III his i'rriita.('li!>rl''\i)ix cdi'I-i'i-,.- Iv twrntv-live loai,aios uj) tlu' river.

tliis to " Jvnisa--." Anti' vul. iii., p. It was tlii'ii a men? Idocli limise.

ISS, I-.e writes " i leiiesie." In die torty paces by thirty. It was rn tho

Troces Verba!, of t;ikini,' ]iossession east banlv of tlie river, o])])ositL' the

in l(i70 (.Mem, ile Coinmissiiires, ii., i.reseui (iap'towu. N. H.

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1690. Tnilimis incessantly overran Now En<j;laii(l,nowlioroHcarcely
— ^r-~^ mootni}^ any resistance. It was even just annonnceil that
I'oity AV)(''na(iuis luul but recently ilcfcatcil six liunili'eil
Englishmen in open battle, losinjj; only six of their njen,
and ouo Canadian, Bellefont, who, after distuif^uishinj;-
himself greatly nt tiio sief^'e of Casco Bay, had joined this
troop bra-<"
Kxpidii oi [n r S'fuii';, ic of this deliberation, orders were scut to
(If Mi)iii()i- de Monio/'.^.'J' '..: evacuate Chcdabouetou, which he could
not dreuru - aefen''' ,{? against the English fleet, and to
bury all the cannon laa he could not bring oil'; but that
oflicer was no longer on this post, having sallicul forth by
ti more glorious gateway than that 2)rescril)ed for him.
Admiral Phibs, after nuUdng .some stay at La lleve, had
proeeiMled to Chcdal)ouctou ; and, landing eiglity men,
had summoned the Comnumdant to surrender at discre-
tion.'

To this summons Moutorgueil replied, that ho would
he buried beneath tlie ruins of his fort rather than sur-
render it to the enemies of his royal master ; and his
little garrison promised to sustain him with all their
might. Phibs twice sent back his trumpeter to show him
the folly of any cH'ort against so powerful a force ; the
answer was constantly the same. Ho then ordered an
attack, which was briskly made, but failed. This uncx-
])ected resistance cither heightened his esteem for so brave
a man, or made him drt-ad the disgrace of a repulse before
a "shell," defended l)y a handtul of soldiers. He made a
fourth summons, adding threats, which he deemed most
likely to intimidate Montorgueil ; but it was as useless as
the rest.

Then he threw matches, which set fire to a thatched
building. In spite of all the eflbrts of the garrison, the
fire spread, Phibs seized the moment to summon him

I Lifut. do Montoru-ucil to Sriu'iic- -1, P.M. Si-c Do la Pothcrio, iii.,
liiy, Sept. 1(1. l(;i)l). SUNS -luiii' l;J. p. SI).

\i>y

mSTOU^ OK NEW FRANCE.

161

twice more, and Muutorf^uoil, seo" ,^ that he could not
prevent the phioo from boinj^ reiluced to ashoH, thought
that ho mif^lit capitulate ; but ho did it with so much
haughtiness, and showed so stern a resolve to msdie the
enemy pay dearly for their trilling victory, if they did not
gi'ant him honorable terms, that ho obtained all he wished.
He, accordingly, marched out at the head of his garrison,
with arms and baggage, and was conveyed to Placentia.'

There being settlers at Chodabouctou, Moutorgueil had
not overlooked their interests, and the English acted fairly
by them ; but Isle Percee, which they next visited, did
not fare so well. Meeting no resistance, Phibs pillaged
all the houses, antl unworthily profaned the church.' O.
the other hand, the Chevalier do Villebon had embarkt i1
for St. John's lliver, on the ship Union, wiiich had brou u.
him from France; but, being long detained at the n
of that river by headwinds, two English pirates, who weri
in pursuit of him, had time to over*^alie liim. On tli' 'Wth
of June, while the Chevalier was making his wa_) \
canoe to Jemset, two Enghsh ships appeared in sight of
the Unioi), which lay anchored at the mouth of the river.

Perrot was on board. As soon as he i)ercei>^ed the
enemy he sprung his cables to ground the vessel ; ho then
ranged his eight cannon on the side opposite to the Eng-
lish, and for some time kept up a brisk tire ; but as the
English tire was superior, and he had but few men with
him, he thought it a duty to see to his own safety, because
the enemy had a grudge against him personally. He
accordingly embarked in his boat with most of his men ;
and, in spite of the enemy's cannonade, which only
wounded a single sailor, ho reached land. The Union, on
which Mr. Saccardi had remained almost alone, was then
forced to strike, and that engineer was made a prisoner
of war.

1 690 .

' He surrendered June II, Ki'JO. lect to Le Clercq, Oct. It. KJOO. The

Mimtorgueil to Sei.u'nelay, Se()t. Iti, cliurch wns destroyed 1 > Aufrust,

lO'JO. N. Y. Col. Doe., ix., p. !)M. with inliuiious excesses. Hehilinu

Hehitiou, &c., l(W9-i)l). lb., p. 4r7. (!.■ In (.'a'^p.'i-K', p. 7. De l:i I'o'hei-ie,

De la Polherie, iii., p. 89. iii., p. <)0.

^ Father Emanuel Junicau, Recol-

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102

l;,,f

lit.

I'l

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His Recap.

tlU'C.

MISTOIiV Ol' MOW HiANCK

Mr. Porrot's lot was still moro uiil'ui'lniuitc. 'Mui Sienr
(los (ionttiiis uiiil lliu (faptaiii of tlio Uiiinn liai) cscapoil
witii him ; hut allinui^li they all took the saiim iduk' to
roach Joiusot, dfs (loiittiiis, after a tiuu', t'oiiiid himself
ahrno, without kiiowiui^ what had bi'como of tho vest.
During this timu tlio Clu.'valiLi. ilu Villt;l)ou, aftur visitinj^
Jomsot, was roturiiiug to tho sea in his eauoe. On tlio
way he learned not only tho loss of tho Union, l>ut also
that of his two ketches, in which ho had discliar^ed all
the cargo of that vessel. TIo I'xpected a reinforcement of
Indians, whom he had summoned, and indulged the \u)\)e
that, with their aid, ho might recover the two ketches;
but they arrived too late.

At the same time he learned that the two ships which
had taken tho Union, were not of Admiral Phibs' S(|uad-
rons, but two pirates, carrying ninety men ; tiiat they had
on Ijoard nine settlers from the Island of Mariegahinte,
which they had pillaged ; that they had enteri'd Port
Koyal, landed these planters there, burnt all tho houses
leading to tho fort, killed a number of cattle, hung two
farmers, and burned a Avomau and lu.'r children in her
house; that, after capturing the Union, they had landed
men to pursue those wlio escaped ; that Mr. Pcrrot, tlio
captain of the ship, and tho pih)t, had fallen into their
hands ; that they liad treated t\iv, former iu the most
shameful manner, a[)i)arently to force him to tell whi-ro
h(^ had conccealed his money and pro|)erty ; linally, that a
part of tlie Union's sailors, the surgeon, and tw(j soldiers
had joined them to cruise, ami that they were to sail with-
in two days.'

Neither this sad intelligence, nor tho fear of a fati' like
Mr. Perrot's, restrained the Chevalier from descending to
the sea with tlie few Indians who had joined him at
Jeujset. On iiiriving he [nnx-cived tlie two pirates,
iiiichored near the sliorc ; ho lauded, and, favored l)y tins
Vvoods, a])proached close enough to tire on them, which he
continued to do without respite till evening. During tho

I

■ De la Potlieric.IIist. lU' I'Am. Sept., iii., p. 85. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix.. p. 4T7.

1

IIIHTOliV OF Ni;SV I'UANC'fc;.

1G3

next iiij^'lit forty nioro TmlinuH joined him, uml tlioso lio i6y )
li'il at (liiybrcuk to till' spot wiiciu'c lie liail tli'cil tli'i pii;- "— ^f^
vioiis uii^lit ou tliu pinit( s. His olijci-t wuh to ])i'(.'vout
tlioir wt'if^hiuf,' iiuchor, and tlio IiuliaiiH liiul promlHocl to
go and cut tliuirc!il)lurt, ho us to mako lliciii luii ii^'i'ouiul ;
Imt lu) found that thisy had K<'i"S 'i"^l wiu'c sailiii.L; wont-
ward.' it was afterward a.scurtaint'd that tiu) |)iratij vcs.sol,
ou wliii.'h Mr. Porrot was, was taki'U by a FriMu-li fruo-
bootor ; aial it is ccrtaiu that this fi,(!ntlemau found, auiid
tho wreck of his lortuuo, moans to sotthj his family ad-
vautaf^'i'ously.^

Meanwhile the Chevalier de Villebou, seciuf,' notluuf^
more to be done on the sea coast, again went up to Jem-
set, where, havinj^ assembled tho ludiaus, ho exhorted

them to coutinuo to revenjje on the English their own

, . Dlsinlcr-

v.i'ouf;s and those ol the I'reneli. 1!l exiilained to them I'^i'il zini
,1 , , , , , , 1 , J 1 1. 1 • 1 , 1 "I"' iidciity

that what lie most regrettetl was the loss oi his ketches, oi ii,y Aim-
on which ho had tho iJl'eseuts scut them by the kiuj,' ; and ''
he bej^ged them, if they took any iini)ortaut prisoners, to
use them in order t(j withdraw from tho hands of the
Eni^lish tho Freiu'h who had just been captured. Ho
added that ho Avas ^'oinjf to Qiusbec, with the view of ro-
embarkiii;;- thence for France, where ho would r(>]K)rt to tho
kiii;^ all that they had dcme for his service, and whence ho
wcnild brinf^ wherewith to com})easato them for their
recent loss; that they should not i'lil to be at the mouth
of the river the next spriu<^', and there await tidings of
him. They replied that their Father Ononthio had sent
them powder and balls, that this was enough for the pres-
ent, and that they were al)out io start, to tho number of
a hundred and fifty, to renew their raids ; that they would
give him a good account of tho English, and begged him
to be convinced that the losses of the French affected
thorn more tlnm their own. They left hiiu with theso
assurances, and ho immediately started for Quebec, to

' De .M()n;~L'igiiiit, lielntion, &c., now the t'i)UnteP8 dc 111 Roche Al-
IJ. y. Ci'l. Doc, ix.. l'. •IT.'). liircl, iiud tlio wile ol I'loidriit dt;

' Ho K-I'l two diuiyliliTsi. wlio iiif Luber Vlntrkcitii.

li

'w.i

m

I I

' V

i!

iJiMi

1. ' 'I

1G4

lIIMTonV OF NKVV FIIANCR

.1 t,

•i

! 1

1690, wlii(!h ho boro tlio first tidings of tlut EiiKiisli irni})ti(»ii

^"—Y-"^ into Ac'inliii, anil th'i capturo of tlio governor.

i)'i"n,w-" Tiioro tJKiy hiul iiln'iuly lt>,ini(itl V\,i rovta-so sustiiinrd

i';\';;;)';.',',';,',. by tlm Fi-mwh t-olony in Nowfoini.ll.ind Tiio court of

'"of'ii'iia "^ Franco, as I bavo ulsowhcro rcnmrkod, aftor long n(»glcct-

yciir. i„g tliis island, through iguorauco of its vahio, had, at

last, boeu eonvimuul of tlio advantago to bo dorivod from

its codtishorios, Tlio king, iuforniod of tlio nocussity of

fortifying tlio port of l*lai'"i,tia, and creeling on that side

a barrior to tho continual usuri)ations of tho English on

tlio posts occupied by his subjocts, had sont tho Siour do

la Poy])o thoro as governor, and ho had givtui orders to

put hiiu iu u position to maintain hiuisolf iu n post of that

importance.

Those orders were not too well oxocutod ; Mr. de la
Poypo sorvod thirteen years with all possible ztsal, but with
aU tho annoyauco that want of ju'oper succor can causo
a bravo man, who fools the iioed of support, and who, for
want of it, can undertako absolutely nothing, either for
lis own glory, or the good of tho state. Ho was suc-
ceeded iu 1G85 by tho Siour Parat, who was not better
treated at first ; but two years after tho Chovalior d'Her-
vaux and Mr. d'Amblimont brought him twenty-five sol-
diers, commanded by the Siour Pastour do Costobello, with
pro^^sions, cannon, jiowder, and all that was needed to
revictual and fortify Placentia. A fort was built, and at
the entrance of tho harbor, a jjlatform covering tho anchor-
age : these two works had uinotoen pieces mounted. Care
was taken to arm tho settlors, on whom much more de-
pendence was placed than on tho soldiers. In fine, this
colony needed only a commander vigilant enough to be-
ware of surprise, or enough a man of honor not to sur-
render the place to tho enemies of France ; but they wore
deceived in their choice, and, as often happens, discovered
their error only when it was too late to remedy it.

On the 2(jth of Febiuary iu this year, llJ'JO, the Gover-
nor and his lieutenant were surprised outside their fort in

t^: - .

HISTOHV OF NFAV FUANCK.

tlKMi-lirdHliyforty-tivt* Eii^^'lish ficchootcrH. Tlin soliliors,
wlio wunt iiIho (lisperHcd Iiitlur mid tliitlicr, woro tiikoii
ami ilisiinucd. Tlio Hutthns, wlio liad had all oiiportunity
to asHiuuo tlio dufoiiHivn, Hurri^iidiirod on tho throat mado
hy tlu) onomy, that thoy would inaHsacro tho ])riHonorH at
tho loast roHiHtaiifc ; and tho English loadod tnoir vchhoI
with all th(^ f^'of.ds. I'uinitnro, arms, lunniunition, provisiuus
and liHiiiiig ini))lotii(ntrt, with which tho inhabitants woro
protty woll HuppliiMl. Homo of tho cannon woro also car-
riod oil', others thrown into tho soa, tho rest spiked ; and
when, alter tho raid, tho , isonors woro sot at lihorty tho
^,'urrisoii and iulialiitants of Placontia found thomselves in
about tho sanjo position as if thoy had boon shipwreekod
on a desert coast.'

After tho departure of tho onomy, tho Sionr Parat
wished to proceed to Franco on some ono of tho liasipio
vessels llshiufj! oil' tho coast ; but all refused to rocoivo
him. Hi' transported himself, with thrco sailors and as
muny soldiers, to tho island of St. Piorro, whoro ho found
son)e St. Malo ships that f^'avo him passa^'e. Tho Siour
do Costebell(\ left commandant at Placontia, thought it
his duty to labor incessantly to fortify his position, and ho
notitied tho sottlers to join him ; ono of them, however,
Andrew Doyen, refused to obey, and oven killed a corporal
and two soldiers, who attempted to compel him.'

To judge the Governor of Placontia only by what oc-
curred at the capture of his place, ho could bo accused of
no more than a very culpable ncgligonco ; but there were
far other charges against him, .uid his i)recipitate departiiro
without royal permission, gave room to believe that ho
was not innocent of all imputed to him. On his side ho
cited his return to Franco as an irrefragable proof of his
iunni-ence. Ho threw all tho fault on the Basques, who,
aftei revolting against him, had begged affidavits to ruin

im

' Friar ''wcpli Oiiiis to till! Miii ' Pnstour to tUr Mhiistrr, Auu'.

iBttT, Aug. ,'«, l(!iii>, t'nnuda Doc. W, Sipt. lo, lli'JO. CiiuudiiUoc, pp.
iii., p. 1)1 9b, 101.

1 690.

I

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It

fill'

166

HISTORY OF m:w fkance

; ih.'

Mi" '

.

j: I.

!«■ ,:

•■•i

1690. liiin, or, at Icist, to put liim 011 iiis ilefciu'c, (lo]iiiv(' liini
—- v-^— - {>f all credit, ami tlu I'cby escape the cliastisi'iiieiit wliieli

they deserved. I have been iiuablo to learn the decision

iu the ease.'

Be that as it may, there is every reason to believe that

the pillage of Placeutia, and even the loss of Acadia, had

Frontciwc
anivi!9

at
Quebec, they been informed of it in Canada before receiving Intel

ligence of tlie arrival of the l^nglish at Tadoussac, would
not have seemed to the (iovt'rnor-General sulUcieiit
reason to believe that ho would l)e himself attacked, wilh-
(mt being warned in sullieient season to make preparation.
It is, at least, certain that had information of the enemy's
approach been delayed three days later, he might have
found Admiral Phibs in the capital, wlu'n he arrived there
himself, and that, liad not the English ileet been so vio-
lently batUed by the winds, or had better pih)ts, (Ju(;l>ec
would have been taken before they knew at Montreal that
it was besieged.

But it must bo agreed that no surprise ever did more
honor to a general, or redounded mere to the shame oi
the one who sh(mld hav(> profited by it. The tirst step ol
de Fnmtenac, on receiving the second courier from ]\lr.
Provnt, was to dispatch de Piamezay, Governor of Three
Ilivers, to the Chevalier de Callieres, to order him to
descend to Quebec as (piickly as possible with all his
troops, except a few companies, whom he was to leave to
guard Montreal, and to direct all the inhal)itanls, whom
he could collect on the road, to folhjw him.-'

He then marched to (Quebec without halting, and reached
it on the 11th of Octol.er, at ten o'clock in the evening.
There he leariuHl that tlie English fleet was just lu-low Uk;
traverse of Isle Orleans.' He was perfectly satis:ied with

I Panit to thr Mini<t. 1. Si>i>t. II. lb., ]). IVi. I'l- la I'oihnii', Ili-loii-,.
1(1110. II.., 1.. '.IT. <1''' r.Ain.-ri.iiu. Sr|,t,. iii., l'. 11'^

De Molisi'i-iml, li.^'iiti 111.

l,n lldiilall, \'ny;ii;vs i.. |>. '.MH-Ml.
.\. Y. Col. Doe., ix., 1) -is:). Fi'on- ■' Thli's thni t..olv this .■luuiuel ;
I,.„a,-lolh...\linlsli'r.N.>v. l-J.Ki'.M). tliat i.ovv .i^e.l, was Hrst tried by
III., |i. iV.t. Calia.la Dm'., iv.. p. I'^s. (i'lliriv;,lf.
Aeomiit s.'Ul bv l-a Fleiir de .Mai. toiiv, ii. |i. -^-VJ.

■'(■rlaiid. Cuiirs

'Ititi-

;

IIIS'i:ORY OF NRW niAXCE. 107

llio state in M-hicli tlio iiiajov had iiut the place. That

, I n()0

ollieer had ordered in a ]-avj,c iniiul'er of settlers, who v^.,,^,^,.^^
showed great coiilideuee and resolution ; and, although
ho had had only iivc days to work on the fortilieations,
. there was not. a weak spot in the town where ho had not
provided in a manner to relieve him from all fear of
sudden attaek.

The ueneral also added some iutrenehments, wliieli he i)is|ini,iticm
deemed necessary, and conhrmed the juiucious orders fciulin^-tiie
given by tho maj(U' to the captains of the militia com- '^ '
panics of Beaupre, Ueauport, Tsle Orleans, and the Coto
de Lauson, which covc^'i'd (.^)uebec on the harbor side, not
to leave their posts till they saw the enemy land and
attack the main v;o' ks of ()uel)ic, in which case they
were to hold tliL^uiselves ' 'idy to march when; summoned.'

Mr. de Longueil, oldest son of thi; Sicur le Moyne, had
gone with a body of Huron and AlM>na((ni Indians to
watch the movements of tlu' iK'et ; all the advanced (-mi-
uences down the river were well manned ; the settlers
evcrywlu're evinced an earnest desire to do their dutj* ;
the English could not send a boat ashore without
finding the bank lined with musketeers, Avho woidd at
once force them to slu>er oil'. Jiesides, there were cou-
stantly jiouring into the city militia from Montreal and
Three Uivers as full of good will as those from the vicin-
ity of the Capital."

On the loth the Chevalier de Yaudreuil, commandant
of the forces, set out early in the morning with a hundred
men on a reconnoissance, prepared to engage the (uunuy,
if he attempted a landing; but. the Count do Froutenac
ex[)r.'ssly reccnnmend'd to him not to lose sight of tho
oiemy, and to report all their movements, a commission
Avhich ho discharged perfectly." To this precaution the

. ' !" !_

' l'"ivmtriuii' to tlii^ MiiiistiT. Ml): I.i' t'lcrc(|, Etiiblisi-cinont do

Nov. !•>, 1(;;hI. N. V. (.'ol. Do,', ix., la Koi, ii., p. lli;, sa.vs tluit !)<■ ViHo-

1>. '■■>'■*■ boil wlio luiil coiuf tlirou^Hi tlio

•I).' Moii.-^.'in-iiiit. H.lati;in, .'.■(.■. wooils lo (Jiidn'c miil aiikil to I'orti-

N. V. ('.-i. Po", ix., p. U;. l.i- ly ;;. :icciiiiiiiaiiii(l thit, inLity of 1','0

C'llTOl, ii., [I. 117. lucu.

I|ffl^

lit

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1G8

HISTORY OP NEW FRANCE.

fi

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IT '

1690

General added another not loss necessary. Vessels were ex-
pected from France, and it was to be feared that they would,
Fi.rcciwt of mistrusting nothing, rush blindly into the hands of tho
Fronteuae. English. Frontenac, alive to everything, and maintain-
ing, amid the confusion of a surprise, a wonderful pres-
ence of mind, on the same day dispatched two canoes,
well equipped, by tho little channel of Isle Orleans, with
orders to those whom he sent, to go as far as they could
to meet these vessels and notify them of Avhat was going
on. Ho at the same time also commenced, and tho next
day completed, an eight-gun battery on the height beside
the fort.'
„ .„ Thus the fortifications began at the palace, on the bank

tions of of the Httle river St. Charles, ran along to the Upi)cr

the place. . ' ^

Town, which they surrounded, and terminated on the moun-
tain towards Capo Diamond. A palisade had been con-
tinued from the palace all along the beach to the Semin-
ary wall ; there it was closed by inaccessible rocks called
the Sailor's Leap,' where there was a three gun battery.
A second palisade, erected above tho first, ended at the
same place, and was to cover the fusileors.

The lower town had two batteries, each of three eigh-
teen pounders, and occupying tho intervals between those
in the upper town. Tho outlets of the city, where there were
no gates, were barricaded with good beams and barrels
full of earth to serve as gabions, and pederoroes mounted
on top. The road leading from the lower to the upper
town, was intersected by three difforeut intrencl.ments of
barrels and bags full of earth, with a sort of ch;!vaux-de-
friso.

In the cour.so of tho si(>ge a second battery was thrown

' Df Mouseignat, Helaticni, &c.,
N. Y. Col. Doc, ix , p. 4S-1.

" Dt' Monsciiinat, Rrlntion, fic,
MrrcureOalunt. huiv,. !(i!)l ; Tit-

' Till- Siuilt nil Miiti'iOt, was so luiux, Ardiivos dcs \'(iyiiLCi's. ii.. \>.

callfd from till' tiK't thai n dojr, .l;il. Dh in I'othiTii', iii..p 1 13. Im

ciilk'il Matrlot. or thcSnilor, jiiiii])r(l Clcrcii, Ktaliii; srmi'iit ilc la Foi, ii.,

down tlii'i-c, Cri'uxiiis, Ilisloria p. H 7-4'.'0 N'mic of tlirar mrtilion

Canadensis, p. SO'l tl"-' clievauv de liise.

I

I

i

Thr Kn-

IIISTOHY ((F ,\K\V FRANCE.

up at tlio S liloi-'s Leap, ami ;i third at the gate loading
to tho rivor St. Cliarlcs.' Finally, somo small pieces of
ordnauco wove planted around (he ujjper town, and es]>e-
eially on tho mound of a mill which served as a cavalier."
On the IGth, at three o'clock in tho morning, do Vau-
dreuil riiturned to Quel.ec, reporting that he had left tho "'' 'f,'!: '"-''
English Ih'et three leagues Ixdow the city, anchored at a '^"'■''"■'
place called I'Arbre-Sec — the Withei-c'd Tree, and in fact,
as soon as day broke, it v,as perceived from the heights ;
it was composed of thirty-four sail of various sizes, and
the rumor ran that it carried three thousand land ti'oojis.
As it advanced tho smaller craft ran along the Cote do
B.'aupurt, between Isle Orleans and tho Little lliver, tho
rest keeping off; all camo to anchor about ton o'clock,
and at that moment a boat was seen leaving the tlagshi[)
and stet!ring for tho city.'

That it bore a truniiieter no one doubted, as it car-
ried a white Hag at iIks ijow. Fronteiiac sent an ollicci-
to meet it ; he reached it halfway," bound the truujpeter's
eyes and led him to tho fort." Great was this man's sur-
prise, when, on tho removal of tho bandage, ho perceived
the Goveruor-Geiieral, the Bishop, and Intendant in tho

riir Kn-
;li-li A.I

lllilMl -.hfl,-

lilllllllli

lllr <,,.\r

iiur (,, ijc
ml.

Xou- callr.l

Pila(v(iate. O'Ciil- Clercq, Etablisscment,

la,<?haii, N. Y. t ol. Doc, is., p. 4S.1.

• Do .Monsfi^amt, Hruuion, &<•.,
N. Y, Dol. I),,,;., is.. I,. 41^5. Lo
Cli'n'(|, EtuJjlissiMnout, ii., p. 4'JO.
This wiiidniill liiU «-tis Im-LIikI St.
I-(iuis Stivi't mil ul.so rnWrd .\lt.
Curiuel. 0'<'alli|M;]ii„i, N. Y. Col.
I>()c., ix., ],. ■l>ir,. Fci-huul, Cuiirs
d'Uistaiiv, ii., p. 2-10.

.Motlior Jiiclii.'ri'au rt'iircspiitwsomi>
of tlu'Sf (li^lriiscs a.s vi'^si-ls (illnl
wifli h,tours. whicli, if striirk b.v a
caiiiKin.ball, Wdiild liavo kill,..! iiimv
than thry ,l,.a„,lea. Ilistoir,. ,1,.
rilotil Ui.'u, p. ;)!!).

■"' l*liii>i)s atteiiiptcil to land at
Uivcr Oil, •lie, Imt wa-* roimlHrd l,y
Hi'V. Mr. Fraiiclicvillc at tlic hciul
"'■ Iiis 1 arishidiKTS Juch. ivaii,
Histoiro de I'llotol Uiou, ji. ail. Le

p. 42!),

r.angeviu, Arohivi-s d(,' N. 1),
Bcauport, ]i, 118.

^ Friiiiti.ua" to tli. .u.iiibtcr, Nov.
T-', Ki'.IO. X.Y. Col. Doc, is., p. 4.-,!).

('aiiada Dor., II. v., ]-2U. Ai nut

sriitby tli.'FIiurdi'.Mai. lb., p. I."),-,.
Di; .Mnii^cij^iiat, Kc4ation, &c,, lb., p.
48.''. .Major Walloy's .Jmniial iu
the Kxpuditioii against ('ana, la.
IIutcLiii.^on's Hist, (jf Massachu-
.si'tls, i., p. 471, days sumiuous soit
Oct. (i, O. S.

5 'I'

ranoc's aU'
till" water.

Freni'li party went out in
nii4 Pliiiiiis' envoy on

" .Motbor .rnclKivaii. Ili.-toin' do
I'HoIcI Di.'ii, p. :;•>■:_:! ,.iv,.s a liu
morons account of bis puteisuge
tlirouirb Qncboc.

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1?0

IIISTOKY OF NEW FRANCE.

'''yo ceutro of a f^Teat liall, •nhicli was quite full of officers,' ' ut
to uuilerstaiul the (.'ause of his astoiiislimeiit it nni:U be
remoml)ered that Mr. Provot, on tlic tirst iiitclhgeuco of
the approach of the Euglish, liud sent the Sieur tie Graud-
ville, his brother-in-law, to obtain more accurate and de-
tailed information.

That officer, ad\anciug perhaps with too little precau-
tion, or more probably deceived by the French colors ou
the English vessels, of which he saw only a few, was cap-
tured by the admiral, to whom he confessed what was
really true, that (Quebec ^\as destitute of fortitications,
troops, and general." Phibs, Avho could not doubt the
sincerity of tiiis rejiort, and wjio never dreamed that
matters had clianged so much in so sliort a time, had ex-
pected to sleeji i:i Quebtc the very night that he an-
chored in the roadstead, and that this })hice would not cost
him dearer tluui Port Eoyal had done, expressing his
opinion on the matter with a contidcuco which spread
through his whole force.

Before reacliing the fort, the trumpeter was enabled to
lose some of 'ds, for he was purposely led all around thc>
place, to be stunned hj the great activity he heard on ail
sides, eacli one taking delight in increasing his ccj 'U;ion,
and giving him reason to believe that the whole town was
set Avith caltrops audchevaux-d.-'^ise, and that the enemy
could not take tuenty step.s, uUh- nt being obliged to
storm an iutreuchi:ieut ; but ih<: si-nit of the (iovciiuir-
General so well attended, and the demean-, r <>i the olii-
cors, comi)letely disconcerted him. lie tremblingly pre-
sented his summons, which was in a\ riting, and in English,
and which was at once interpreted. Tlie followiii':;' is the
translation as transmitted by the C'uunt I'lontenac to the

' La Ilontnii, Voyages,!., \>. ','12, Oriindvillo had bi'oii im cnsipn in the

alone mciitiiiuy the lin'smce of the l{rt;-iiiicnt Cariynan SalU'ri'.-; and was

Bishop and Inlcudant. now a licnt>iianl. ■Iiiciirn aii. lli>t.

'•^ De Moiiseifjnat, lidatiou, ie,, de I'llutcl D'n'u, p. ;j,0. Dai iri, Nos

N. Y. Col. Doc, is., p. 483, De Uloires Nutiouales,ii.,iip.3T.i, 2«3.

IIISTOKY OV NEW FliANOE.

' It is insi'i-tL'd luTo an Cliiirlevoix
gives it, iuasmui.'lias it ilitii-TS some-
wliiit iVoiii ilmt trivi'ii in ihc ai'coiiiit
wiiit to t'liiuco in tlio Flfiii' lie Miii.
N. Y'. Col. Doc, is., p., 150, ami that
given by <k- Monsei{,'nat, (\h., yi., 485.)
'I'll.' following is a translation of
tliat given in tile text, tlie pai't in
i)rai'l -ts being in all other copies.

•■ Wiiliani I'hibs, (i ,eral of tho
English Army, to M. de Frontenac:

" The war deitlaroil between tho
crowns of Fughuul and France is not
tho solo motive of the exiiedition
which 1 have had orders to under-
take against your colony. The rav
ages and cruelties exerciseil by the
Fn^nch and Indians without any reu;
son. against the nations suliject to
vlirir Hritannic niajc^sties, havi' forced
their said majesties to take up
arms to reduce Canada in order to
provide for the safety of the colonies
subject to them. But as I should be
most haii|)y tospnri.' Cliristian blood
■,ind s.ive you from the horrors of
war. I, William I'hibs, Kniglit, le.'
these presents, and in the name of
tieir most ixcellent majestii s,
William and Mary, king and ipieen

171

M;iv(iuis de Soigneltiy autl trausciibca by me from the 1690
origiuiil :

Gnillaume Phibs, General tlo rArmeo Angloise,
ii M. tlo Frontcuac :

La giieri'o dt'clareo eiitro les Couronues d'Auglotorro
et tlo Franco u'ost pas lo seul motif do rEutcrpviso, tiuo
j'iii (!u ordro do foriuor contro votro colouio. Les ravages
et lea criiautcs cxercr.s par lew Fntii<jois et lo Stiuvages 'ians
aueuu Hiijet coutre los PeU[)les soumis it leur niajestes
Britaiiiiiques ont oblige lours dites Majostes d'armer pour
so reiuli'o Maitres du Canada, atiu do pourvoir a la siirete
do.s Proviucos de lour obi'i.s.saueo. Mtiis commo jo serois
bieu iuse d't'pargucr le stvng Chretien et do vous fair oviter
toirs les mtdhours do la guerre, moiGirillaume Phibs, Che-

of England, France, Scotlaud and
Ireland, Defenders of the Faith,
[and l)y order of their majesties' gov-
ernment of Massachusetts colony in
Xew England], demand that you
surrender into my hands, your forts
and casth'S in their actual condition,
with all tlit> ammunition and other
supplies whatever. I also demand
that y(ju restore all prisoners ia
your hands, and surrender your pro.
perty and your persons at my dis
posal. By so doing you may hope
that like a good Christian 1 will par
don the past, so far as shall be
dieiu'd expedient fortheir majesties'
service, and the safety of their sub-
jects. But if you iimh^rtake to do-
fend yourselves, know that 1 am U>
a position to compel you, resolve^'
with the help of (itid in whom I lait
my trust, to avenge by arms ilio
wi'oags you have done us, ami ^ao
ject you to the crown of England.
Your positivi' answer in on' ."ur
by your tiu'ii;'.' r v.iih the uin
of mill ••"

For the original ICiiLdish, see Ma-
tliei's Magiialia, Book II., pauo
49.

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1690.

IHSTOUY OV NKW I'UANCE.

valior luir r(^s Pivsoiit(>s, ct ;ui iioni il(« lonv Tiv.s FAci'llciitcs
M.ijcsfc's (luilliiuiiic ot .^Liric, lloj tit .Keill(M^All,^!t'l(■^l■(■,
FriiDc'o, Eoosso (!t Irolaiulo, Dr'lVii.souvs do la Foy, vdus
(lemaiulo (juo vous aycz ;l nMucttro cutro inrs mains vos
Forts ot Chateaux, dans I'l'tat on ils sont, avco toutcs Ic niu-
uitiousctautrcs provisions qudcoiuiucs. Jo vons doniandi*
aussi, ([uo vous nio rcndie/ tous los Prisonniors, (pio vons
avcz, ot (luo vous livricx vos Mens ct vos Pcrsonncs a uia
disposition ; 00 quo faisaut, vous jjouvc/, os|)or('r, (pu)
eomnio bon Clirotion, jo vous pardonnorai lo passo, au-
tant (ju'il sera ju}j,o il propos pour lo scu-vioo do lours ]\[a-
jostos ot la si'iri'to d(> lours sujots. Mais si vous ontro-
preuoz do vous dofoudro, soaolioz (|Uo jo suis on otat do
vous foreor, biou rosolu, avoc I'aido do Ditui, ou qni jo
uiots touto ma oontiauco, a vongor p;u' los arnu'S les torts
quo vous nous avoz I'aits, ot do >()i'S assujottir a la Cou-
roDuo d'An,u;k'torro. Votro nqtonso positiv(\ dans uuo houro
par votro Tromi)otto avoc lo rotour du Miou.'"

This doeumoid was read aloud, aud rousod tho indi^na-
tiou of all present. Tho trnnqietor, as soon as ho lin-
iyhed, took from his pocket a watcli, aud handing it to tho
Govoraor General, infornuxl him that it was ton o'clock
aud that he could not wait for his answer boyoiid olovcu.
Tlieu a general outcry arose, and tho >Sic-ur do Valrenos
raising his voice, said that thi^ insohmt i'ellow should bo
treated as the messenger of a pirato, tho more especially
as Phibs \.as in arms against his lawful sovereign, and
had acted at Port Pioyal iiko a pcu-fect pirato, violating
the capitulation and retaining the Sieur do Manueval as a
prisont^v against his word and against tl;e law of Na-
tions."

Front(niac, althougli stung to the quick, evinced greater

' Tliis iv'i'ly i^ wiiid Ibr word from La llontir; arc all sili'iit as to tliis

the Letter to Mr. SeiLini'lay alrcad/ I'lasode. l.a lloiilaii stales tliat

citcU. I'lnirhm'.x. Fronlrnai' ordered the en])taiii of

■-■ l)e M()iiseii.rnat ; Fronlena'' ill liis liis i|uarler>< to put tip a gallows

disiutch aud the account s. 'lit by the to lianir the Major who bore

Fleur de .Mai ; Mother Jueherrau, the me!-t-ages. Voyages, i., jiage

the Irbiiliue .\uiud!i; 1-e Clere.i aud 'iVi.

ft

IllSTOHY Ot' NKW l-'KANCE.

178

inodcrivtiou. Witliout .ippciiriiiij; to liciir tlio vomarks of
Dc Viilroues, lid iultUrssL'tl the truuiputt'i' :

Jo ne vouH icvui yinH attomlre si lontoms ma ropouse, la
voici. Jo no coiiuois jioiut lo Hoy Cinill.'uinio ; iiiais jo
syjii (|uu lo Priuoo il'(Jr,ui^o (!st nil Usurpntouf <[ui a viole
Ics (Iri)its Irs pins sacrrs du s;ni<,' ct i]o. la ilolif^ioii, on i\v-
ti'iiiiuit li^ llov, sou l>;,iii-l^>ri'. Jo no coiinois ))(jiiit
(I'aiitro Soiivoraiu l,',!j;itimo (1<> TAu^hslon'o, (pio lo Hoy
.JMcipios H. L(!Cliovalior Piiihs n'a pas di'i otfo sm'[)i'isdoa
liostiliti's faitos los par Fi'an(;ois ot lours Allii's, pnis(ia'ila
(In s'alt(Mi(lro (jU(! lo Eoy, nioii niaiti'o, ay.mt vo^u lo Roy
d'An^k'toiTo sons sa. protootion, m'onloniioroit do povtor la
,un('rri'(;iioz los Pi'Ui)los cpii sont I'ovoltos coiiti'(! lourPrin'io
l('i;itiiii(!. A-t-il pn croiro quo quand il m'otrviroit dos con-
ditions ])!us f.olora1)](!S, ife quo jo sorois d'huuiourillos accep-
tor, taut do I)ravos Gcus y voulussout consoutir tfe me con-
soillass( nt do luo fior ii la parolo d'un Honimo, qui a viol6
la ('a]>itulation, (pi'il avoit t'aito avoe lo (lo'^.voniour do
FAcadio ; qui a niaiupio a la fidolito ipi'il dovoit a son
l^rinco; (pii a ouMio tons 1<'S bionfaits, dout il a oto com-
hW', pour suivro lo parti d'un Etran.^or, lo([uol vonlaut
porsuador qu'il u'a en vuo, (jno d'otrii lo Liboratour do I'Au-
glotorro, iV: lo dot'onsour do la Foy, a dotruit les Loix et les
Privilo^os du Iloyaumo it ronvorso rEji;liso An^licano; c'ost
CO quo la Justioo Diviu(^ (pio Pliibs loclaino, piuiira uu
jour sevorcmont.'"

i6yo.

Mr. do

FrdiitiMiac'B
reply

hi

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* \j.p

' I Will not keep you Wiiitillj; that
Imii: fur my iinswcr. llcrr it is. 1
know no Kiiiu- William : Im; 1
know lliat th(^ Priin-o of Or-aniji' is a
usni|iiT who lias violaK'il llii' ni.i>t
sai'rrd riuliis of blood ancl ol' rclij^-
ioii liy (IctlirmiiMf; the kiiiff. his tii-
thor iii-huv. I know no other law-
ful sovcreifrii of Kiiylanil, tlian
Kinir .lames II. Sir W, I'hil.s
slioulil not !)<■ stiri)iise(l at the hos-
tilities conimi'i.'d by the Fivnrli ami
thi'ir ailies, for he must have I'X-
peeted that the Kinjr, uiy master.

liaviny- received the Kini; of En-
i^'land under his |ir(Jiei-iion, would
order lui' to i-arrv on the war u|iou
nations in revolt ai^ainsl their
lawful ]jrine;v Can he have sio,i.
poseil, that were his conditions mori)
tolerable, and I in a mood to accept
them, so many bravo men would
consent and ailvise nic to trust to
the word of a man who has violatoil
the caiiindation whi(di lie had mado
witlithe (iovernorof Aeadia; who
has brnkeii the alle.triance he owes
to his i:iiii('; wiio hart foiHotteu all

11

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J

174

1690.

t i-

Exploit (if

Miinc
Canadians.

IllS'l'OliV OK NKW FliANCK

Tlio tmiiijH'tcv asked this reply in wiitiii^', Imt tlio CJcn-
eviil rel'used to j^'ive it, iiildiiit,' : " I will iuiswer your iiuvs-
tor by tlio mouth of my eamion. Let liim loarii that this
is not tho way to suiuiuon a man lik(> nu,'." ' He then
gave the sign to l)aiida,!4o the truiiiiieter's eyes, and that
messenger was taken back to tho spot where lie hud l)een
received. As soon as he reached his vessel, one of the
batteries of the ]o\v<m' town opened, to the great astonish-
ment of the English ; Phibs, especially, conld not reeovcu'
from his amazenielil lo see himself obliged to besiege in
form a city, where he had deluded himself that tlu; French
would have tho luil'dihood to await him only to submit."

But it was still worse, when tho first cannon-ball car-
ried awaj- his tlag and the tide sweeping it down, some
Canadians swam out to get it, and in spite of the lire kept
up ou them, carried it oil" before tho eyes of the whole
fleet. It \\as at once cai'riiju to the Cathedral, wliere it
still is." Ou the same day, the 10th, about four o'clock in

tlio I'liviu's Invishi.'d on liini, to I'ol- not n iisonnlily objfcl to it, i\iiil for

low tlu) party of a foi'iii^iicr, wlio, Pliiiw to oIIit to inu'iloii the Count

pretending tn liavi; in view only to d(! Frontenac for bcinir loyal to liia

1)1! tlie DfiivcrtTof Kngliind and tho own country, was insoluiil enough.

Defender of the Faith, has destroyed See Chalmers, Polit. Ann [i. 57.

tin' laws and priviliTJies of the '' Mother .Inchercau says that

Kingdom ami overthrown the An- when tln^ action began, he showed

til' m Church V all this tlie Divine caiinonlialls to tin' ladies in his

Juriiice which I'liibs invokes, will hands, ami asked whether that cor-

one day lamish severely. " De Mou
Bcignat, Relation, N. Y. Col. Doc.,
ix., p. 4H(i. Le Clercq, Etublisse-
inent, ii., p. C.^:! o.

respondeil with their description of
the undefended state of the city.

■' See Frontenac to the Minister,
Nov. 13, l(i!)0. Canada Doc, II., v.,

' De ?h'nseignat, delation, &c. ]). IMT. Mother .luchereau, llistoire

N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 4bi>. Ac-
count by the Fleur dc Mai, pj). t")!)-
417. J uchereau' Ilistoire di' I'llotel
Diou, p. '.i!)!. Le Clercq, ii., p, -I'.'S.
La llontaii. Voyages, i., p. 'JllJ.
Hutchinson. Hist, Mass., i. p. ;i,"),"i,
says, " If it (the summons) was too
poin|)OUS, the answer was lOo iiiMi-
lent.' Tht! insoli'uce seems to be 'ii
the Buniinnns. As the Emclish at

de rUotel Dieu, p. ;12'.I, says Mari
coiirl lired thi! !|iin, altlaaigh she
does not say that it was the first one
discliarged, or mention whence it
was tired. Tlie flag remained in
the Cathedral till it was destroyed
by lire during the siege of 17.''.l.
Frrhmd. Cours d'llistoire, ii., p. \i'2i;
Hawkins' I'icture of l^uebec, p. 130
De la I'otlierie, iii., p. IIS, inen-

Lachine began the use of Indians to tions the incident later in tbo ac-
ra\;)ige the settlements, they could ti«u.

( I

TIISTOItY OV NFCW KliAN'CH.

175

the nfternoou, Do Lonf,m(.'il, aeoouip.inicil l)y INruricourt, ifigo.
his brother, rocuiitly arrivotl from lltidsoii's liny, ])!Is.s(hI "-'-r— '
■ in a cauoo aloiif,' tlio J''ii^lisli lied, whii-li ho wishnl to ro-
coimoitro. Soim; lioals g;ivo liiiu chaso, but ho roachotl
hiad, and by a sliiup liro oi niuskotry, couipcilod hia
pursuors to make for tlieir sliii)s.'

Tlio ni'xt day, an Eiif^disli bark full of soldiurs ap-
proatditul tho St. Cliailos Itivor to rocounoitro a placo for
debarkation Ijetwecu Jj(!au[)()rt and that river ; but it
grounded (piito far from tho bliore. It nevertholoss kept
up (piitt) a l)risk tire, but it was well answered. Some of
our brave fellows rushed to attaek tlm I)ark, Imt they eould
not reaeli it witliout ^'oiuj; waist deep in water, aud tho
plan hud to be abiindoned.'

-he Count do Frontenae's main object was to induce tho Fminninc's

•' plan 1(11- (lu-

cuemy to cross the St. Chai'les, and they could in fact at- icndiri!,'
tack the city eOeetually oidy on that side. His reason
was that this river being fordaMe only at low tide, ho
could, when they had once crosstul it, without mucli risk,
advance to engage tliem, and they, once routed, could never
rally, while obliged to march knee-dee]) in mud to reach
their boats. On the other hand, if the French crossed
the river to meet them, they could do so only under ecpial
disadvantage. Tliis reasoning could be retorted, by re-
marking that if the enemy after crossing the river drove
our men successfully, they could, being opi)osito the weak-
est part of the city, enter it with the fugitives ; but tho
general reckoned too much on the valor of his troops
to fear this disaster, moreover he was resolved not to strip
the fortifications of soldiers, and to bo always at hand to
support his men. It was ^oou clear that ho reasoned well.
On the eighteenth, at uoou, almost all tho boats were

' Di' Monscignat, Kt'lation. N. Y. ii., p. 4;!0. Miijor Wallc.v, .Jdnnml in

''ol. Poc, ix., p. 480. Lo Clcmi, tlic Expcilitidii iiLrniMst Ciuiada,

Ktal)liss('iiii'iit di' la Fni, ii., ji. I'.'S. (IlutcUinsoii, i.. p. Ul i ili>sii;nali ."i it

' Tuesdiiy, Ktli. ])r .Miiiisrii;nat. a.--" iln' vi-.^r~i>l ('.■ipt K,|iliriiiiii SavaLX^

Hclatinii. is'. Y. Col. Dor., ix,,]!. (s'l. was in," and CoHnij .MiuhiT (Majx.,

Le CkTcij, Etaljlissemunt ile !a Foi, B k II., p. 49), adds, • witli 00 men."

i >

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170

IIISTOIIY OF NEW FIIANCE

(:■:

•■4

161; 1, f^t't'ii lulviuifiiif,' on that Hiimo Hido, filkul witli soldiers ;
but iia tlio iu't'iicli could not guess iu what [iicciso spot
thoy would attempt a landing, the enu..iy found no one to
oppose them.' As hoon as the ti't)ops were landed, do
Frontenae sent a dtitachuient of tht^ militia of .Alontital
and Three Kivfis to harass them. Tliese Mert^ joined liy
some farmers of iJeauport, hut the wholu numbered only
about throe huudrod nieu," and the English wtae at least
lifteou hundn d, drawn up in battalions iu very lair
ord(;r.°

Moreover, as tho ground nt that place was marshy, set
with tliickots and eut u^) with rocks, tho tide low, and no
way to reacli the enemy except to mareli thtonili tlie
nmd, they coiUd only bo attacked by skirmishi rs and
H([uads. For tho same reason the English could derive no
advantage from their supeiior numbers, lleuce that day
there was no fighting except in Indian style.

This fashion not only disconcerted tho English, who
wore unaccustomed to it, but even prevented their know-
ing how small a number they had on their hands. The
action lasted about an hour, the Canadians bounding from
rock to rock, all around the English, who durst not scatter ;
tho constant tire they kept up did no great injury to men
who did nothing but appear and vanish, and wIkjso shots
all told, because tlie battalions kept drawn up close.

' De Monscignnt, RfliUion, &e.,
N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., i>. IST. Account
sent by I.a Fknir dc Miii, (Il>., )).
4.'j;). !>(■ hi I'otlii'iii', llistoiiv (Ic
rAincriiiiif, iii., ji. 117. Ilr brinj^'s
it in iibniptly, onuttinjr pnrt of da
^binsi'ii;niit Walli'V, Journal on the
Espcdition, ^Ihlt(■hinslln, Ilititoryof
Miifsnchu.>iftts, i., (1 IT'^i, says, " Ik
landi'd Oct. 8, (), S., with betwfcn
l'.200und loUOnicii. La IIontan,Voy-
aj,^i'B, i., ]). 'XVi, says, tho boats made
tliroi) trips, and sujiposi-d they
hindod 1000 or 1200 each time. Ho
says the r-pot was (jppositc Islu
Orloaus, a hayuo and a iiall' bi'low

Qiifboc. Smith, ITiHtory ofCiinnda,
i. ]). 104, savB they limdrd at I.a
t'anardii'ro. Matlicr(.\hi{,nuiliii, IVk
II., p. 50), after nuntioninf,' that the
force was reduced by small-i>nx,
gives 1 -100 as the force that landed.

- La lloutan says JOO miMi and
50 olU<'ers ; and adds that they
he Were jiosted iu a 'mshy trad, three
(luarters of a mile wide and half 11
leafjiie from where tlii^ Knglish
landed. Voya'tjes, i., \i. '.il4.

■' The French estiniati.' of the En
filish numbers is pretty close
Walley supposes 'hi' I'reni'h lorce 7
(ir yOO. JciUinal. &c,, p. Imv.

HIHTOHV OF NI'^W FIl.VNCE.

177

Tlioy w<«ro ao.v)nlin-ly Hooii in .lisonl.n-. Tlioy took tho 1690.
Ca.iiidiauH for lu.liaiH, uud as tlmy foil back, vvoro liour.l '
Hayius' that thoro was an Imliau hchiinl ovory troo.'

Frontouao, so as not to ^ivo tlimii loisuro to porroivo ^^,.,, „,„,.^^,
that, tli.^y had iu front only a haiiafiil of mou, ordorod up bcuui-oru
a battalion of roHulars (o covur thoir rutroat, which ho
soundod as soon as day bo^'au to wano. In this alfair wo
hwt tho Chevalior do Clorniout, and tho son of tho Si(niv do
la Toiiolu', Suij^'Hcur of Champlain, who had followed tho
militia .'IS vr' Nmu's. Wo had als) tm or twelve woundod,'

tho 1 .nj,'uishod of whom was the Sieiir Judiereaii

do Saiut Donys, Sei^,'neur of U.^uiport, wli.» couuuauded
his tenantry. Thoti.^di over sixty ho fou-ht with ^roat val-
or, till ho had an arm broken by a ninsket ball. Tho
Kin^ soon after rewarded his zeal and coiifi,L?o by |,'vaut-
in^ him letters of noliiUty ;' and at tho sauio tinio con-
ferred tho same favor on Sieur Ucrtel, whoon all oeeasioua
distin,L,'nished himself at tho head of the Thnio llivers
militia. This day cost the enemy one liuudred and tifty
men, and thoy, iu rovougo, sot tiro to some neighboring
houses.*

' Ph Monscigimt. ligation, &c.,
N. Y. Col Doc, is., p. 4sr. Dc Iu
Pothorii!, Uistoiro do riViin'ii'iU"
Si'ptciitriiuialo, iii., \>. 117. I.ii
ClltTai. Ktiiblissi'ini'iit du la Voi,
ii,, p. 4:il-'J. Im llontau, Voyages,
i., p. :)ll.

■•' lb. Wallcy, .loumal&c, (llutcli-
insoii. i., p. 4?;!), supposes he killed 'JO
or iilli)l' tho French. La Hontiiii iuake»
the Ki'onch loss 10 coureursdo bois,
4 otiicers and 'i Indiaus. Lieut, t'ler-
inout. Josei)h de la Toucho and ono
othiii' killod on the 18th, were bu-
ried Oct. 33 at Ueauport. Lau,i^■(^
vin. Archives do N. Lt. do Beau-
port, 1., ]). 4G.

•'' Nicholas .luchereaudi! St. Denis,
son of John Juchereau, Sieur do
More, a native of Ferte V'idaiue,
came to Quebec iu 1040. In 1049

he married Mary (firturl, dauLjIitiT
of one of the olde.-t settlers. Uo
served long and well. 'I'he nobility
grunted was not a title, but merely
the right to bo styled Ks(iuirt.'. llu
died at Ueauport iu 11)1)2, aged 00, aud
was buried the .'jth Oct. Langevin,
Archivi s de N. D. de Ui^auport, I, p.
fiO. Daniel, Nosdloires.i., p. IDT-JO,-).
< De Mouseignat, Uelution, &c.,
N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 4sT. Do la
Potherie, Ilistoiro do I'Amerique
Sept., iii., p. 117. Le Clorcq, Eta-
bllssement de la Foi, ii,, p. 4;J3. La
llontau. Voyages, i., p. 314, makes
tilt! I'^ugliah loss tiOO ; by actual
count. Wa .ey, in Ida Journal
(llutcldnsou's History of Massachu-
setts, i., p. 47J) says killed four (Uit-
right, and not liss than 00 oUicers
and soldiors woimded.

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178

IIISTUIJY OF NEW FlfANCK.

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1690. Tlio siviTio cvcnin;,' tlio four lavf^cst sliipH aneliorod bo-

^'^~y'~— foio tlio city,' tin? llciir Ailiiiiijirs ll;i<j;ship boiiriii}; tlio l»Iuo

lliig a littlo to tho loft towiinl tlio Sault an Miittlot, or
Tlio enriiiy ^ -i > i » 1 • 1 1 • • 1 1 »•• . 1 ■ 1

ciiiinoiiiidc oailor s Loup, tho Ailiiiiral on his nj^lit ; tho vico Adiiiiral

wiiii.im re- a littlo bolow," both oppositi! tho lower lowu. Tho fourth,
which boro a Commoiloro's poiiuaiit, atlvaucctl towards
Cape Diamoud. Tho city salutod them first ; tluy then
began a heavy canuouado which v/aa well answered.
Haiuio Heleiie aimed ahiiost all the guns of tho jirineijial
battery, and not one of his shots failed to tell. Tiiut
day tho enemy fired only at tho Upper Town, where thev
killed one man, and wounded two, without doing auyotlu^r
damage.*

Their animosity was directed chiefly against tho Jesu-
its, to whom thoy attributed all tho ravages committed by
the Abena(iuis in Now England, and thoy had d»!clared
that when they took tho town, t'lo Jesuits should bo niado
to sull'er ; but uot one of their balls struck the college, and
their threats coming to the oars of Sainto Ueleno, his
brothers, and some of the other more prominent Cana-
dians, those gallant men jirotestod that they would all soon-
er die fighting before tho doors of those religious, than suf-
fer them to receive tho least insult.

About eight o'clock tho firing ceased on both sides.

' ('apt. Ori'gory Siiftnre whh Ail-
uinil on tin- Six Krii'iulH ; ('u])!.
CiirtiT, Vicc-.Vdiiiiriil (Hi tin .Iiihii
anil 'riiimiuH ; t'apt. (iillii-rt, Hiuir
Admiral on tlif Si'vcru. Sniilli,
History of t'aniula, i. p. UO. Old-
ini\iin. i., 140.

' IV .Moiiwi^'nat, N. Y. ('<>1. Dik'.,
is., p. 4S7, lit! I'li-Tcii, ii., p. 4;);i,
and Do la rotheriis iii., p. 117, nay
tlliiiri:

' Do Monsfifrnat, Uclation, N. Y.
Col. D.IC., ix., J). 4sy. Dc la I'oihu-
rie, llintoirii do rAni('rii|iii' Sep-
tcntrionalf, iii., p. 118. I.o
ClcTcq, liiulilisBi-iiieut, ii., p. 4;W.
Mother Jucliereau, llistoirj dw

rilotcl Diou. p. ii'Ht, Htati'H that tlm
I'Jifflixli aiincd t'Hpi'ciiiily iit tlio
spiro of tlio Ciitliodriil on wliioli Ijud
liooii huH)^ up a picluro of tlio llnlv
Kiiniily takon from tlio I'lMiliiio
I'MUVont, (l.oH rrNuliMos do ^no-
Iioc, i., p. 47».)Hnil tliiit liis Imlls ac
ronlin^'ly wont ovit tho town.
'I'wonty Mix cannoulpall..* loll in iho
HoMiiital Ciinvont gromulH and uoru
Hont down to tho battorion tn ho
UHod a^'iiin. (,Iuclioroau.) Tho I'rsu-
lino Convont rooiivid wvonil halls
also, oni' iii'iirly killing u mm. I<og
I'rwiilinos do liiiolioc-, i.,p. 471. La
Ilontan. \'nyHf:o?<, i., p. '.illi. siioaku
vory lightly of the damage done.

V-.* ._»«...

HIHTOUY OK NKW I-»AN<K

179

The next (lay, (!)(• city wus ij^'aiii the first to opcii, nuil tin) ,^
Iji^'lisli tii'i) wiis not as brisk as it had lii't-u the day laifoic.
Alter sdiiic tiiuo tho llfar-Adiiiinvl found liiiusclf ho cut up
hy tli(> Saiilt au Matt'h)t hattorifs, and hy tliat lowor down CMmprilrri
on tlio left, tliat lio was couipfncd to draw oil". TIks Ad- iVirnui"
iiiiral soon followed him with precipitation. IIu was '"""■' "^''■•
pit rcrd in scvoral places' at tlm water lino, had moro than
twenty halls in his hull, almost all his rij^'j^iiif; cut, his
mainmast nearly severed, and a f^reat numl)er of his
sailois and soldiers killeil and wounded. The two other
vessels held out a little while h)Uf^er, but at uoon they
ceased tirin;^, and at live in the afternoon rau into tho
Anso dis .Mercs, l)ehin<l Cape Diamond, to be out of reach
of our cannon. Nor did tlu^y remain long there, for they
were exjjoscd to a sharp tire of musketry, which killotl
many, and forced them to draw ofl" still further.'

All that day, tiie troo|)s who had landed near I3eauport, Swond rc-
remained cpiietly in their cainj), iiud tlie ircnch contented i,iii,i,(i
themselves with watchiii!^ them. Early ou the twentieth, "'""l"'-
they boat to .arms, and dreiv up in line. In this posture
they reniainetl till two o'l-lock in the afternoon, constantly
shouting: " Hurrah for King William!" Then they ad-
vanced, and from their movements seemed to intend
luarchiiig on tho city, having platoons ou tho wiugs aud
Indians in tho van.'

For some time they marched .along tho littlo rivor iu
very gO(jd order; but ^Messrs. de Longueil and do Saiuto
Heleue, at the head of '2fM» volunteers, iutorceptod them,

' »)<i. !» (t. .'^ , U< N. S. til.' loss .)!• til.- AdmirarH ting, \h

't',)ii,iii .Matli.r, Life of PliipH, 4:il. Sc' \iitc, p. 171. Wnll.-y,

(MiiLMialiii, II., p. ,-)(>.( nnd Si.in.'Frw .liuirmil, p. 47:M, ndiuits tlmt Sir

HiiimrUs, p. .jl, savs his ship wan WilliniuH ship ntiirrifd v.tv iiiiicli

shot ihiiiiiMli in ail hiiiidri'il plac.s; disabl.Ml. Mjrr. <lc l.avnl, l.i'ttcr,

tliDiifrh Hc.JNTt Cal.-r. Mon-Wdiidrrs, Ni>v. 2(1. KilHI, cHtimat.-H that they

p. 1 Hi, savs i.iilv in s.'v.'n. lircd JdOO liallH ut the town.

■ DcMonsi'ipiat. Hclatii.n. \. Y, * Aircmnt sent liy tlio Fl.'iir do

•••>1 Doc, iv., p. .jss. I),, la I'.ilh.'. .Mai. N. Y. C.l. Doc, I x. p. l.-.T.

li.'. Ilistoiiv d,. I'Am.'iiqut' Septcn- Wall.'v, Journal in Iliiichiiisonrt

lrii>hal-. iii. p. ll'.l. .Massiichiisi'tt!., i., p. 47). Kays, 11,

IjoCki'a) lueutious ul this point 1). 8.

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14,

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180

UISTORY OF NEW FllANCE.

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Suillt III'

Iciu'in'irtul

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.690. ftinl Hkiriuisliiii}^ in tLe siinio jiirtiuicr as on tlio IHth, kfjit
up Kuch foustiiut iiii'l \vi'll-tiiii«'(l volleys, ii.s to clrivo
thorn to tho Hlioltor of a littlo wood, trim which thoy
poured out a very heavy tiro. There our men left th-^ in,
aud retreated iu f^ood ordt>r.'

Tu tluH second action wo had two men killed and four
wounded, inclndinj,', anion^ the latter, the two coinnian-
ly woiimlcd. dants, who were ulways ti^'htiii}; with their usual valor ;it
the head of tlicir men; ^Ir. tie lionL^'ueil ^'ot nlV with a iintty
Bevens coiitusinn ; liut Saint ilelme, his Inother, wisliin^'
to take a prisoner, reet'ived a ninsket-liall iu the knee.
The wound was not ajiparently dangerous, hut he died
nevertheless, a few days after, to the great regret of all
his colony, who h)st iu him one of tho most amiahlo
cavaliers and hravest m(!U it ever j)ossessed.'

During this action, Frontenac had advanced in person
at the head of three battalions of his regular troops and
had drawn them up in line of hattlo on tho bank of tho
little river, intending to cross, if his volunti'ers were too
hard pressed ; but tho enemy gave him no occasion to bo
more than a spectator of the cond)at. Their loss this day
■was at least as great as on the tirst occasion ; but w hen
they saw the French retire, they fell on tho cattle, which

' Dc MonHpiguBt, liclntinn, &c., left on tlm fifli;. Iluti'hiuHDn'a

N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., !>. 41^8. IV la MiissiicliuwttH, i., j). 475. Hu In-

Potlierio, IIiHUiire do rAnirrii|iii) ti'iulcd to fro ott' that nifjlit. Imt

Sept., iii., p. 110. Lt- ('l«r'(|, Ktu tlicri' liciiijj mnw Cdiit'iisiou In- ili'-

blisHi'iui'iit ill" In Foi. ii. p. l;!."), fcrrcil it. The next day, ((Jet. U

liiintimis biwdi'H Lonjrinil iiiul St. — »1). tliry slixxl to tlnir iiriiia

Il(■l(•n(^ (Ic .Moncarvilli'. d'olciirKjnn itll diiy. dniiiiH bcntiiig, colore fly-

and dc R('|«'iitij,'ny. I,u Iloiitnii, iii^'.

Voynjrcs, i., p. •.Jl.'i, nmkrs the Kn ' !)<■ MoiiHciirimt. Holntion, 1(180-
glish losH:iO()<)r40n. Wnlli-y ntatc« 00, N. Y. Col. Doc., ix., p. 4«8. Ku-
that a council WHS hchl Oct. 0,0. S., lation, lOOO-Ol. lb., p.SlU. I)«! hi
and it \\a:' rcsolvcil to rccnilmrk. I'othiTic, llistoiro dc I'Anicritiuu
He went ni'Xt day, Oct. 10— 'JO. to Se|itentrioualc, iii., p. IIU. Lo
Phipps to coniiiiunicnte this dec I- Cicic(|, Ii, p. ilu, conCoiinds St. He-
won. During hisabsciice the' Krcnch Icne and his brother. I.a Ilnntan,
charged his outguards, .Major Sav- Voyages, I., p. -Jl.T, niaki'S the
age B< ut relief and then retreated. French losB in whites and Indians
He gives his loss at four wounded, I'.bout 10. The others say two
one of whom died, and one drum killed and four wouiidwl.

^\

If

IIISTOUV OF NEW FHANCR

tlioy hail iiogloctcd to snmiro, iind slau^^litoicd tliom ftll,
Komliiij,' ii part on Ixxird tlio iluot wLoio thuy wero iu j^roat
want of frtisli moat.'

Tho followiur,' niglit, tbo Admiral soiit thciii fivo six-
Iiomid(!i-s, wliicli tlio bosiegod did not know till tlioy
opened tlit;ir lire.' Tho English bogan their march with
this artillery, with tho view of broaching tho city walls ;'
but tlioy were not allowed to go far. Tho Siour do Vil-
lion, rediu'tid lieutenant, who had obtained from tho gen-
eral a small detachment of soldiers, all mou of good will,
had set out before thoy had loft their camp, as though ho
had designed to carry a part of it, and ho had boon
closely followed by some other small parties, headed by
Messrs. d(! Cabanas, Duclos and do Boaumauoir.'

Villieu, who was tho lirst to comc! up with tho oncmy,
laid an ambuscade, and by skirmishing, drew them into
it ; there ho long withstood all their etl'orts, and whoa
they saw that they could not make him recoil, they at-
tempted to surround him ; but ouo of tho detachments
formed to eft'ect this, fell into a second ambuscade, where
tho nuiU of Beauport, Beaupro and Isle Orleans, com-
manded by the Sieur Carie, awaittsd them : another was
nii^t by tho three ollicers just mentioned, and both detach-
ments were thrown into great disorder."

Tliinl nnd

inline ilc-

lisivi! ac-

tiuu.

m

m

; y.

' Dc Mimsi'ignut, Ki'liition, N. Y.
Col. Doc, ix., p. ISS,

■•' Till' uccciunt wiiit by llic Klinir
(ii- Mai, N, Y. ('i)l. DiKv, ix., p I"i7.
iiiiikcs tliis to Imvr horn Saluiilav.
•,Msl, but Walloy says lliat tho six
liiUl piocefi wen- laiuU'd ilth, () S.
(li>, N. S.,) lliitdiiusou's .Massiicliu
sottH, i., p. 47;i.

' WiiKoy makes this a dotach
iiioiit of thri'i! parth's to drive ofl'
tlio I'roucli wliik! ho embarked.
Iliilc liiuson, i., p. 17.-). Mather iiieii
timis wlii'olbarrows, eacli with two
I'etarruros. Alaghalia, Book II., p.
50.

* Diielos do BeauiimDoir. De
.Aloiiseijriiat, N. Y. Col. D(H\, ix., p.
•Iss.

'- Ho Moiifoij;nat, Uolation, N. Y.
Col l>oe.. ix., p. ISy. I),, hi I'othu-
rio. ll'^toiro do rAiiirrii|uo, lii., p.
lli(. lio Clcri'ii, EtabliHsoiuint de
hi I'oi, ii.. pp. 4;!7-H. Tills atliiir t<H)k
place Oet. IK). S.,il N, S , (Walh-y's
Journal, IIuti'hiiisouH History of
Mass., p. 47ii,) an 1 i.- represented by
him as merelyii diver.-iion to cover liis
retreat, by three small parties sent
to beat up the swamps: but supportr
ed afterwards by several ccmipanies
who kept up the tiro till uight.

^I|

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182

UISTOIJV OF NKW KiJANCE.

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ifn)o. 'p|,„ contoHt wiiH, liowcviT, too nii('(|u.'il on tlic side of tlic
Fiviich, to 1k> loii},'('r iimiiitiiiiicd, ami ii^'icciihlv to the <'oii-
ceiti'd plan, tlioy Ix-guu to full Itiu-k slowly, ki'»'i)in^,' up a
constant liru till tlu ycononlratrtl near a stoc-kadid liouso
on an i'inin< iicc Ilcri', i>rotcct»nl liy tlio italisailcs, they
made a staml, poiuiii},' in so deadly a iiit^ as to clit'ck tlio
whole Ent,disli army. Then tlio Enf,'lish lK'<^an to use
their ticld-pieeos, but au answer was given liy the liattory
at tlu Ijittle lliver Ciate; moreover, the l')n;.;lish tiieil so
badly that they did not wound a single jurson. Nor was
tho nmskL'try tiro more olVeetive; it killi'd only a young
scholar' and wounded only ouo Indian.

This tiro lasted till iiigiit, when tiie English retired,
swearing against tlio Froiieh, who fought, they said, l)o-
hiud hedges and hushes, like I.idiaus.' What liually in-
duced them to retreat was their largo number of dead and
wounded. They retired at first iu toleral)le order ; but the
retreat soon beoamo a iiert'eet llight, w hen tlii-j' heard tho
tocsiu sounded by tho Cathedral. They imagined they
were going to have the Governor-Geuoral and all tho reg-
ulars upon them, and their only thought was to reach
their eamj) with all possible speed. Yet the tocsiu was
merely a stratagem of the Sicnr Dupuys, Lieutcnant-par-
ticulier of (Quebec, who had been an ollicer before becom-
ing a magistrate, and w ho had voluntarily assumed, during
the siege, tho duties of Adjutant, which ho discharged
very ably.'

While this was taking place uear tho Little River, tho
two hostile vessels that were above Quebec, fell down with
tho tide to resume their position iu tho line : as they

' TliiH yoiiiif; iiiaii whh I'rtcr ■ De Mmiwiitiint, lirliition, &o.,

Jlniifili*, stmlciit in iihilimnpliy, iit N. Y. Col. Dkc, ix.. p. .(Ss-O, Fron-

Quclitr, u'lmiKli'd in tlic arm. Nnv. tcnncV nis|)nlcli. II)., ];. 4<iO. Ac-

l.*). (lied K). .\lii-illi', i., No. 11. 'I'lic rotiiit hriil liy tin' Fliurdc Mni. lb.,

(•tiidciits lit till' Iriiliisliiiil KrliiKil III |i. ^-'iS. 1.k' ('l<Tri|, FtalilixwiiU'lit de

St. .loncliiiii, totlir iiuiiibrr ol IK. nil la Foi, ii,. p. .i;i'.t. Di' la I'olliirir,

voliintiiri'd, Jiiclirriuu, Hint, dc Him. di' l'.\iin'ri(|ui' Si']it . iii,,p. I'JO.

rilotrl ]>ifu, 1). iiUl. L'Abi'illi', i., '■' l)f la I'othcric, llintoiru do

No. 41. AnuTiijui' Srpt. iii., p. I'JO.

•^

msTOUY OK NKW FUANCE.

183

jmssod boforo tlio city, llii>y rocoived soiuo caniiouadinj^ 169a
imd iisturuod it, bnt witlioiit doiiij; any diiumj,'o.' Tlio ^'-v— '
ni;,'!it of till) '21st and '22A was v< ry darli and rainy ; tin- -pi,,, ,,ii,.iuy
Enf,disli who liad lamltd near l!( luiuoit availed llninsclvcs ,'■'"';■"■'>.
of it to dccaniu; Honu> dctaclinu'nts, wiio iiad by Fronti;- ""i''"rt'i-
nac's oidiTH j^didcd to tlioir roar, havinj^ excitiul Uf^aiu
tlioir ft'ar of boin<,' attacked by all the forces of the oolony.
Tht'V at'(!ordinf,'Iy rej^aint'd their boats witlioutoveu taking
time to cany ofl' their eannou.'

At dayl)reak, H(mio Indians who were roconnoitrinR, an-
nounced the retreat of the En^jjlisli, and in their camp
were found, Itesidcs tlie tield-pieeen, nionnted on tlieir car-
ria;,'e.s, a liundred pounds of powder, and forty to fifty cau-
non-i)alls. .Sometime after, tiiree arnu'd boats returned to
carry oil' what tlicy had ne>;I(H-ted to take with thorn;
but tliose who were ah'eady in jjossession, opened ho
.siiarp a tire on tiio boats tliat tiiey (hirst not land. The
Admiral, perceiving,' it, sent thirty niort! ; bnt those in
command, after holding a council out of musket range,
deemed it inexpedient to attempt a landing, and they re-
turned to the ships.'

' Sonic (iDcuiiiciitM Hiiy lliiit it wuB
on tlii' aliuriioou of thf '.2'Ja tliat thu-it;
vcHinMn ri'tiriHl. i'lutrlifnix. {),•
Moiisci^nat niiys :M.hI. N. Y. Col.
Doc.ix.. p. 1^1), us Jc) 111!' Al'Couiu by
the Kluurdf .Miii. lb., p. 1,')8, and (it-
la rothcrie, iii., p. \H). \a- CK rc(|.
ii., p. HI, wcms to huvii luislcil
Cliurli'voix. a» hu lueutious tht; 'J'Jd
ou p. ll;j.

" D<? Monsciguat, Uelation, (bc.,
N. Y. fol. D(K'., ix., p. 181) lb., p.
ioS. l)i- la Pothcrif, iii., ]>. 120.
Li^ttiT of Mfir. di' Laval, Nov. -JO.
1«U0, in L'AlxMlJf, i.. No. vi.

" lb. Wulli-yV Jouiiiftl, Ilutcliiii-
Bon's History of MassacliiiK-tt.s, p.
477. waVH tliat live cannon f;ot cc v-
LTrd by uiitrrand wcir ovciloo iiil;
'■ thi'y sK,'nt in tliiiiiorninf;, Imt tlirii
it was too liiti;." l-'rontfuac to the

Minister, N. V. C.,!. 1),„.„ ix., ,,.
Ml). Can. Dim-., II., v., p. UiT, uayu
till' Kirncli iimnd tin' live caiuion at
low WHiiT. ChaliiuTs' I'olit. .\nn.
(N. Y. HiMi, SikV Coll.. Ks(i.si p. 57.
.lojin Wiillcy, i-oniinaiiilfr o( the
land forrcN in I'liipps' Kxiicdition,
wan a Hon of IJcv. Thomas Walley of
Harnisvillc ; born in l(i|:i, fri'finan
ill !()(!:!. captain in Ui7!), intcrcatud
in the HettlcMi-nt of Hrislol, in KiSG
in AndroM' couiicil. Ho publisliud a
.Journal of liin opcnitionH, citeil in
thf.sc notes. In 1710-11 lie was
.Iudj,'oofthoSup<'riorCourtand died
in IJoBton, Jan'y 11, V,Vi. Savago's
cienealoirical Dict'y. iv., 100. lllst.
Aiic. and lion. Artillery, Is.'). Dex.
lerV Chiircli, ii,,p. 1."), nut.'. Allen'.s
lliog. Dict'y, llisexjH'dition ivacheU
Boston again, Nov. 11).

■ i!'r

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♦.1

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"f,

184 HIHTOHY OF NKW FRANCE.

i6go. Fioutonnc! boKtowcil f,'ront jmiist^ on all who took j)art

"■'"'' *" ' ill the last Uftiou. Ilo iicnnittcil Cam' iiuil liis tiooii to
i-any iioiiin two pii-coH of artillury, to bo iin utonial nioiiii-
liifut of the exploit tliry hail lu-liiiviul. It was ailiiiitlcd
that thd most cxiuTiciiiTil could not havo nianonvi-ivd
butter than this faniicr did,' and thu Ell^lish even paid
liim all tho justico ho doHorvod. But nothing disfonfntid
Admiral Phibs nioro than to hoo uU tho n-j^ulars and colo-
nial militia assomblod at (^uoboc. llo had talculatiul ou
ft divorsion hi tho direction of Montreal, which should havo
kept a good portion of tbuHU troops engaged, and his
hopes wore based on this.
Tht! faiiuro Tho iuformatiou given to tho Count do Frontenac \>y
Hi'ii ill till' tho Iro(|Uois la Phuiue, that a largo nunibcr of Indians
MiiMiriai were oucamiiod ou tho slores of Lake ht. hacrement wiih
yucb'uf. I'l't too well founded. It was indeed only part of a corps
of throo thousand men, English, Iroquois and Molngans,
who wore to attack tho Government of Montreal, while
tho English fleet besieged Quebec. There was every rea-
Bon to fear that Canada, already enfeebled by the sevoro
losses it had sustained the preceding years, would sink
under two such powerful eflbrts, had they been well con-
certed; but Hei'ven intervened by ouo of those unhopt^d
for operations, iu which it is im})ossiblo not to recogni/e
that Providence which watches over tho preservation t)f
states, and which can dorivo tho aid it destines for them,
from sources whouco it would least uuturally bo oxjiocted.'
Tho English and Mohogaus, on their march to join tho
Inxjuois, were attacked by small-pox, iiud many still boio
tho marks when they reached the rendezvous. The Iro-
(juois, already thrown int(j very bad humor by the delay
which this sickness caused, woi'o seized at this spectacle
Avith foar that the disease w^uld s})road to them, and
they reproached their allies with coming to poison them.

1 " <

' Frontonnc to the Minister, N. Y. Col. Doc., is., p. 400, ond Account
sent by tho Fluor de Mai, p. 408. '' Ante, p. 14J.

.>.^-

IIISTOIIY OK NKW 1 UANCK.

Ill fact iiiiiiiy wrro soon iittiickcd with tlio s,iiiii< disoaso,
mill Ml) less tliiiii Ihrcf liuii(lri'(l dicl of it. TiiiH was
iii.)Hj,'li ti) iiidiint) 111! tiio it'Ht to iil)!iiid()ii HO fiitiil 11 siK)t,
and witiidiiiw from tliono who liiid bioiiglit tho coutiiyiou.
Tims tile army incited awny.'

It is cvtii adijcd on doeunicuts tiiat I (h) not f,'uaraii-
tcc, th;it till- Kn;,disli had si'iit on in ailvaiico clost'd i-iii'sts,
rontainiiif,' |ioi.sonrd (lotlits, and tiiat thoir dusi^'u was to
lut tli(( Krciicli plnndfi- tlicni ; lint tho rlu'sts iiaviiij^ been
opont'd by the Indians, all wlioni curiosity led to attiro
tliorasi'lvos in tlioso clothos, diod of it. What porhaps
j^avo crodit to tliuso popular rumorH, was that tho wound
of which Mr. do Sainto llclcno dii-d, not havinj^ boon
doonicil serious, hoiuo f»avu out that ho had been struck 1 v
a jioisoncd ball; yot it is cortain that m.iny others of tho
l'"i-cnch woundetl in the various actions with the Kn;,disli
troops who landed at IJoauport, ri'covercd frum tlieir
wounds, and that the surgeon who attendeil Sainte Ho-
Icne, coniplaiiiod that he had been unwillini,' to follow the
royiiuo which ho proscribod.

It is also said, and with a|)pan;iilly Ki'oater likelihood,
that what linally (uubroiled tho En;4lish and Iro(|nois, waa

' Fronti'nao to tlio Minister, Nnv.
1-.', KI'.H). N. V. Col. l)iH\, ix , p. Hill.
Mny. Kiill. II) 1>. I!)."!. I),. M.,ii
Hri.,niit, MiiVH .")()(• ilicil. 111., |>. l!)l).
De 111 I'otlic'ijf. Illhtiiirc dr rAiiii'-
riquu Si']il., iii., p. lJl-(!. .Mj;r. (It;
Laval, ill hie l.ttiT ni .Nov. ','(), Ul'.HI,
rcporls tliiit llii' lii.liaiis liiok'' with
till' KntfllHli Ihm'iuisi' till' lalliT r<'
lust'il to iiiiiif,'lc with thi' Imiiaii-* in
tlii'ir luilitaiy iiiovi'MiciitH, ki'i'piiij;
till' IiidiuiiH H()art; tlint thi' Iiuliaiis

withilrcw, anilon tlii'iriiiiirch lioi

ward pliiiidircMl tliu i;i,-lir.i of tin!
Eiigli!<li, ou which the Hiiiall |m)x
broke out aiiioiifr tlicin, carninf; off
'3(K( Si'iircuH ami lOOOnoiidapm, and
tliat all lliu lroiniui.s lirlirvcd the
thing;, puiduned on |iurpo8u to dc-

Kti'oy ihi'iii. Di" la Pollicri.', Ilii-t. do
r.\. S, iii.. p. I'.'C-t «,„! till' Uilu-
tion, Klliil-I. N Y. r.il. Doc, ix., p.
51:1-1. •,'iv.M the lorci' as llnO Si'Ui'-
<as, Caviiiras and ()nonda),'aw, 170
Moliawkn. Uiiridart and Molifj^anH.
The Kiu'lish refused to eiiilmrk in
the lioi|iiois eanois. 'I'hey Kive tho
los.H :il)0 SeiieruH, Cayiiiras and On-
onda^'a.«, 'JO Mohawkn ami OneidaH,
") or (100 Knulish, Milet, in a letter
Iroiii Oneida, .Iiine, Kiill, Relation
de su Captivite, p. Ill, says small [xix
stopped the lirst, orSorel I'Xpeditiou,
and si'altered the si'coiid, or Lako
(ieor^jeoiie. wlii<'h was iipcoiiipaiiieil
liy Ilia i:ii:.'lisli. whom tin- Iruiiuois
ordered haek. See X. Y. Col. Uoc'.,
iii., p. ~-]\i, 7.JU. Ante, p. 145.

ill

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186

HISTORY OF NEW FIIANCE.

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I'lgo, tliut tho foniior wdiilil not I'lnlmik in tlio oanooH of tlio
latter, Htiucturcs of chu Ixiik, qiiito jioorly nimlo untl vory
low lit tli(» side, tlmt on tliis iffusul \\io Iio(|uois cullfil tliciu
cowiuiIh, ioiulcd tlicni witli bitter icproiu-lics, iind on their
hoiuoward uiiUfli, destroyt>d all tin* j,'raiu and killed all
the cattlo around Alhany.' For my own part, I am con-
vinced that in tlio motives for the withdrawal of tlieso In-
dians, there onterinl no little of that policy, of whicli wo
shall see hereafter well-defined eil'ects. This policy con-
sists in an uuwillinf,'ness ou their part, that either of tho
two European nations between whom their territory lies
sbould ac(|uire too great a superiority over the other, sat-
isfied that they should soon bo the victims.

Bo these circumstances as they may, and they are not
equally attested, men wero not well assured at Montreal
of the dang(!r they had been in, till \ou<^ after the disper-
sion of" this large force ; and to all ajipearances Admiral
Phibs was ignorant of the failure of that mo\ement, win n
bo arrived beforo Quebec, and never susjteott'd it till ho
learmnl that all was (juiot at Montreal. This suspicion,
■which was very well founded, and tho failure of the vari-
ous attempts which ho had made to penetrate into Que-
bec by tho river St. Charles, at lust determined him to
raise the siege. In the threo actions which wo havo de-
scribed ho lost nearly six hundred men ; it has even been
considered as a fact that he had not a single cannon-ball
loft ; that the last day, his guns were loaded with only
wretched scraps of iron, and that all his other military
supi)lit's were as completely exhausted."

The twenty-third, on the report which sj)read of tho
Hpeecly departure of the fleet. Captains d'Orvilliers and do
Subercase, with ouo hundred men, threw themselves into
Isle Orleans, and the Sieur do Villieu was ordered to de-
scend by the little chani el to Cape Tourmente, in order to
proveut any lauding of iho English. In tho evening tho

Tho 8lce;o
raUud.

• Di' la Pothcric, iii., \>. 137. N. Y. '' I'halm.Ts' Pnlitionl Annuls (N. Y.
C!ol. Doc., ix., p. 5ia. Uist. tJoc Coll., 18GS), p. 5a.

%«.. ■

( I

IIIHTOIIV OF NKW FHANiE.

187

fl.ct wii;,'!i.(l uiK'liiir, 1111(1 fi'll down with tlid tiilc f)ii tlio if»)0.

t\V('iity-ft)iiifli it aiii'liiiii'il ill TAiliro S.'i-. (t ctiniuil oil" ■— ^r""^

(jiiito II iimiilx r (if l'"n>ii(li who liiid hccn taken piisoucrs

ou viiiiouM oi'i-asidiis, and amon;^ otiicr.s tin- llcv. Mr.

Tn»uv('', 11 jiiii'st wlidiii I'liilis liad dttaincd Hinc«: tli« nip-

tuit) of Port lloyiil, Air. do (Jniudvillo, iiud tlio denioi*

Ni-IK 's .lolict and dc la Landc.'

The latter iadv luarin'' notliin-' said of ransom or ox- ^xdnmito
. <ii prl-on-

elian^'e, asked the Admiral wlietlicr he would imt iiid'er to ..."'"•

; ^ . , ' \S riiiliiMl

obtain the llii,:^lisli prisoners in Canada, rather than tuko "':'"■ "ii<i

new liMHi'l

Frouch to IJoston, who would only bo a burthon Sho "i ii(c Kn-

II' I . . » 1 / > III' '. II »?"*'' '^''^^

oflered to }^o to tlio (. ount ilo I' loiitenu', and in iiw naino

propose an exelianj,'o, which would rodouud to Iho adviin-
ta.,'ei>t' both nations. Her oll'or boin^,' ac'(!opt(!d, sho wi».>i
taken to (Quebec, and had still loss dillioulty iu induoin^
tlie (■ vei-nor-(»eiieral to (Mitor into nej^ntiivtions on tluvt
point with the J'^n^lisli Adniiial. 'I'ho Count de Fronteuao
oven sent him tho oaptain of his ^'uards' invostod with
full powt rs, and as tiie number of prisonor.s was about
equal on bdth sides, tho ne^^'otiation was oonoluded with-
out any dilliculty, and carried out in ;,'ood faitii.' I'hib.s
thou continued his route, dooply chaj^'rinod to huvo lont
the best part of his property in au oxjioditiou iu which
lie had g(jno to almost all tho oxponso, iu tho hopo of
a },'reat fortune. Nor was ho froo from auxioty as to
wiiat ini^dit befall him in tiiat advanced season without
co.astiuy-pilots iu a rivor as to whicii ho was uot
woU ucquaiiited, with vos.sols in sucli wretclutl ordor, so

' |)(! .Mdiiscij^iml. liiliiiiiiri, &(• ,
N. Y. I'l.l Doc, is., II. t.s'j. !),• l;i
I'oiln'iic, iii., p. l'J(t-l. Acciiiiiit
Kent by till) l''lciir tie Miii. N. V.
("ill. 1)(K.'., ix., |i. 4")S, Kroiilciiiic'i*
l)is|ii(U'li. III., p. Ml.

■■' Till' Sii'iir ill' Id VulliuH!, N. V.
("ill. I)(K'., ix., p. Kil.

•' Kiontfimc In the Minister, Xov.
12, KillO. N. V. Ci.l. DcKv, is., p.
4()1. 'I'lie Fniich ictdviriil Mr. ilc
Uruuiivillf, Itc'V. Mr, Trouvi', mul

till' liiclii'.-* iicMiliiini'il, (,'iviiif; up
l);ivi.-, Siir.di (i.Tiisli luid lii ipUhtm,
I'hiiMlv lidiili In- i'.irliiinil. lie Mdii
M i:,Mi,ii. N, V. ('ill. I>c>f., ix., p. |s!),
.MhIIut's .MaL,'iuilia, II li VII., p. (j(j.
Dnilv.'s la.iiaii C'lipiivitii's, p. 08,
Dccliuutiiiii (i! Sylvauus Davis,
Mii.-s. Hint, toll.. III., i., p. 107.
'Iliu I'xcliaiif,'!' left (iO Eni,'lisli pris-
iiiiiTrt SI ill iu Caiiaila. I.c Clcrcn,
Etaiilissiiiic'iil ilu la I'lii, ii. p.
ikii.

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188

IIISTOUY OF NKW m.\N( R.

■I,

1690. (Irstitufc of pravisiuim aiiil aiiiiiuiiiitiiin. His own sliip

^""^""^ was wi II iii;,'li lust ill niaiviiiy tho triivj-rHc uf 1^1.. Oi-

liiiiiH, uikI hifoio lio ^ot out i)f till) rivor lie lost, i»i was

fdiffd tiiali.iiiilnii III) li'ss thiiiMiiiuKif liis vi-m'Is, a |tai( of

tin- cifws having,' liicii lostliy nifkiii'ss, or Dlliunu'cidriilH,'

'Two (liys aftii- hJH ilt'piirtiint fioiu Imforo (^imlMtc,

soriH' AlM'iiaquis ciimo in from Afiulin or its vieiiiit}-, iiii-

' '.?! il!r"" iioiiiicinj,' that tlii> I''ii;^'li>.li had lnn'ii luMti'ii iit sea in

ilir Aiiii'ii'i- l'<iiri>iii', whii'li provi'd to Ini tnu', Count ih« 'I'oiirvillr liav-

quid.

ff

ili^' (li'fi'titt'd tli(M-oiiiliiii(>il llccts of Kii^hilid mid iloUaiid
in till' Urilish C'lmnini.' 'I'lioso Indinns annoiuu-id also
liiat Ihc siii;dl-|>ii\ h id swept ,i\vay four liuiidifd Iroijuois
and II huudrrd Mcih<';^' ins of thti forcu inttinihnl to atl.ick
Montii'id ; that lll'ty lloMaudi^rs wuro soon to Kjuvl; New-
York, to ruuow thi« iif^^otiatioiis with Iho (Jttiiwiis of Ali-
i-liilliniakinac, lint tliat it was Ihi-ir intention to (U)ceivu
tiiese Indians ; that within the last two months tlio Caiii-
bas had defeated a iiartyof soveiity J'in;^lislimen and tiiirty
Mt»lio;,'ans ; that tho Clovurnor of New En^;land iiad mado
thorn vory udvanta^'oous projiositions, Imt tiiat they hatl
replied tiiat neither tiiey nor tlieir ehildren, nor tiieir ciiil-
dnm's chiUlreu would ever make peaeo or trufo with a na-
tion who hiul Ko often hetrayed them. In fact tho English
uovi-r troatud with those Indians in j^^ood faith, and the lattor
couldalxiveull neverfor^;rt thatsoineyearsliefore, wlieii sev-
eral of them went to IJoston in timt; of peaeeand on allaiis of
trado, tho3' had all lieen massac-rod umler various pretexts.
The Count do Froutouac was not yet fruo from somo
auxioty in re^,'ard to tho vessels which ho o.xpeoted from
France ; lait tli<'y had lieon seasonably informed of tho

' Ciipt. Avisiiiimli, wlnii iil Ta- rtciiiu' ilriviii to tln' Wt.'.st luilii.'S.

tliiUHsur, riiiw ilii'iii iTi'iiUiii;; u|isiiiiii' Smilli, llist'irv dI' I'mmdii, i.. |i. loj,

of tlitir vlsm'Ih. Till' ilirks nl' liU jjivi'H an Ai'i'uiiiil uf lliti MiiliTiii(;H iil'

ulii|« were coven-il «'itli wdiiiicli'.l ilic liO uii-ii of Hiiiimt'uril'rt (iliiji, IdsI

111(11. .hu-licri'iiu. IlUt. lU' I'lliiirl nil Amii'ii.-ii.

Dii'u, p. ;;.;s. llmcliiii.+ m, i., p. ;;.")li, Oir lli.' I»li' n| Wi^jlit, July 10,

NiNHoiic wasldHt nil Aiiiici.hii.lwdiir liiilli, !><• .M<>ii«>'ifriint, Iti'liitinii, X. \.

tUiiv' mvtkvu oi uuvi.r liLini nl, auJ (-xl. I)iJt., i\., i>. iJO.

1

• »»

I

)k*l

I

IIISTOIIV OK NKW KUANCi;.

iiniviil of tlu> EiikIIhIi tliot at (Jiiclicc, lunl had taken r«-

1690.

iixno ill tho Hii;,'Mi'ijay, wliiun tlmv roiiiaiiiml till llin ICn-
^'lisli tinot passnl iIdwii a;:;aiii and hail got far <>ii()ii;^h to
l.aiiish all l\ar of li iviii.,' I)r,.ri .htrct.^.' On th.i I'Jth of k;!,';",!",'™
Novi'iuhiT thi^y aiiclmrtid lu'foro tho rajiital,' wln-iu tho y,),!'!,^^.
joy thoy oainod was lioij^htoiiod Ity tlin fear that had Ix'cii
ent«'rtaiiii'(l for tlu'ir safoty, and l)y tho nciitTal di'stitiiliou
that piiivaili'd. Vi't they Inoiii^'ht no niuody to tin' fani-
iui',' whii'h soon oi-caiut! cxtn'Min, iH'cainc, us iiliiMily
Htatod, tho liMiiKiii.-, incursions in tin' s|nin;T ||:„l very
gonorally jirovoutiid tho farniors from plantiii;^ thoir (;rops.
They were aci'ordin^ly olilij^cd to (luarti-r tho soldiers
uii the riciicr farnuMs, wlio ri'ccivtid tlicni not only with- Fninitm

*^ mill ziMil 01

out coniplaiut, but with i-hoiTfuluoHs. '''his good conduct, ,, tii»

,,,,., . . Coloui

and the zral displayed oy all, m tho courso ot a canipai^'ii
in which tlu'y had scarcely had their arms out of their
hands ; the alacrity with which they undertook anything
desired of them during tho siege, and tho courag(* of

IkU.

1 Mur. (I.' Lnviil, l<i'ttiT, N.. .20,
K'p'.lll, KiiVrt llml till' I'liiliriM Xiivii'r,
till- tilmiiiix, Ciiiil. AviMiiiiuli. aiiil
u I'rih'iiii', l.ii I'MiMir iln Mui, I'uiil-
ifil witli tloiir iiikI |x>rk, run into
till' Sa;{iii'im,v, wiTi! sdiii by llit^ I'hi
jrllnli. but mivi'il by 1'iii,'b iiiiil KtnriiiH
til. It immc up. Si'i! I)r .Miuimi^jimi.
N. Y. t'ol. l>iHv, ix.. p. I'.M. M«\\i
IT .Iii''liin"ni, IlistMii'i.' (Ir ribili'l

D'h'U. p. ■':'■'<'>. All'.. ^iVl'S luHiiy ibliiiln

111 !■) till' (llm-ii'ux.

•' Xi'tVS I'lUlli' till' Ivlll, lllr nllipH

riii'lii'iHiiii'lii-c. till- ITdb, Kith, Uili.
!).■ .\biii.<i iu'imt. N. V. (,'"1. I>iir., ix..
p lol. .Vi'iuriliiif; to M^rr. di- l.aviil
till' r;ir);i('S Wiri' I'stiumlril iit 11 mil
lion iiflivri'K mill .Motln-r .Imln'miu
nays 111. iflor'nux hail :il:l.Ollll IIvii'h
ill Hpi'i'ii'. Li' ('lirn|, ii., p. 4.")7,
t^avN 1 111., missing I'vrry inrivct
dull'.

' Acrordiiijr til Mirr. cli' l.iiviil. l.ii
riciir ill' Miii bmuL'-lit pruviriinii-i,
Si'i', too, Ia'H l'i'.->iiliiu-tiilit ti'iii'bic, i,,

p. -nS. Ah to the t'liiuini', fw Dn la
I'litliiTii', iii., p. I.'."i. Uilution, iVc,
lil'.K) I. N. V. fill. DiH',, ix., p 51:1.
Sy Ivitiiiiri OiiviH, llrclurutiiui, MaHO.
lii^l. Ci.ll . 111., i., p. lll-'J.

Ni'itlii'i- puny (,'ivi'8 thi' tiitiil liiBH.
Pliipp.'', Ill Ilii4 ri'prrHriltuliiiii U)

Kiiii; Williiiiu, xayH lin did not lime
..viT ;i(l iiii'ii lii'I'or.' thi' I'lii'iuy.

Illltclllurloirs .MllfW , i,, p. '.iW,

lliitririuson. 1111111 li'tii'i's. miiki'H Ida
wlmli' liMs by sJi'kiii'Ks iind tlu' one-
uiy aliiMii ',!ll(l. tiiiv. SIoiikIiIit to
l.iinl Nolliiitjliaiii, N V. Cul. Doc.,
iii., p. iiil, luaki'S lilt) loKH III tuea
1,000 uiid till' debt cttuxi'd forty
lliiiusaiiil iKiiiud.i. Tbii rrluru of
IMiipiis lliri'W .\las^a^llu^il'ltw into
conHii'iimiidii ; it ^va^' ulti'ily uii|ire-
|>ari'd In pay tlir hhIiIIith, and iKHUfi
till' liriit colonial jiaprr immiry to
iiii'it the I'niiTgL'iii'y It did not ro-
t'DVi'i- from till' blow lor yi'ars. llut-
rldnsiiii, i , p. :Cil\. Ki!f, History of
MasiMuliiiBotlB Curri'iiry, p. IK.

I'ltll

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1690.

Tlic A'k;-

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

wliicli thoy had just givoii so iiiivny pi'oofs, nil this did
thorn f^icat lioiior, iind the King, to whom tiiu (rovcruor-
Goiioral took groat oaro to roudor a faithful aocouut,
seoniod not less touoliod by it than i)y tlio liappy dolivor-
auee of (^uobec ; an ovout which his Majesty nevertholess
di!euiod sutlicientl}- iin[)ortant for him to desire to traus-
mit it to the posterity among the glorious oveuts of his
reign, having struck a modal 011 tlio occasiou.'

In the mouth of March, in the following year, now dep-
uties airived at the capital from all the AbOnacpiis nations,
|"s''j,/v,.'w from whom it was ascertained that up to the mouth of
Kii;,'iiii>.(i. j,\.bruary only four of the vessels that had laid siege to
1 61; I, (^ntibec had re-entered Boston. It was afterwards ascer-
tained that some had stopped in Mio Gulf of St. Lawrence
to cruise, and had captured several fishing-smacks ; that
Mr. do Mannoval had been sent to England ; that (Kov.)
Mr. Petit was at Port lloyal, and the Chevalio'- d'Eau at
Boston , that the interpreter of this last oflicer, and t .vo
other Freuchmon, who accompanied him when he wa.s
sent on an embassy to Onondaga, had been burnt in three
diii'orent villages ; that the Ottawas and our other allies
from the North and West continued the war vigorously
.against the Iroquois ; that goods were very scarce in New
England; that most of the fields were left uncultivated, and
that a great many of the settlc'-s, finding themselves with-
out moans of subsistence, had taken refuge at Boston and
New York. This last was the result of the incursions of

\^*l

H

'. 'c

' Clinrlfvoix docs not nlhulo to
the Boli'iiin ri-joicinfrs on Suiidny,
Nov. 7. I'hipiw' tint ;iiu! ihat tnlicn
at Crkco 15ny wcrf Ijonu' to tin-
CViicdral in triinii;'li. aniiil tli'' mil
of drums. A 'I'l' Pcuni siinj;; \\y the
Uisliop, and a imicrHsioM in whicli
all till,' tniiips loiik 1 art. I'iirrir.l tin'
i>tata("ol' till' Itli'ssi-d Virrin to rimi'
eliiiirlii'H. A solemn fi'stiviil of Our
Lady of Victory was instilutcd.and
a clmrcli in the l.owrr 'I'cwn. nl-
ruady bt-guu, Ut'dicatud under that

name. Dc Monsoignat. N. Y. Col.
Doc., is., p. 4i(l. Do la Potlu^rit',
iii., ii|). 122-8. I.i's Ursulinos do
(jui'lu'c, i., p. 471. Lc Clcrci], ii., p.
\'>i. De la ('oIombiiTc, brotlicr
of tlie ci'k'liratt'd pulpit orator,
prcaclii'd tlic di.-courst' of iln' ilay.
.hiilicrcnu, llisliiin; dc I'llolcl Dicn,
p ;':>;!. The nuns obtained ixTinis-
sion to institute a special feast in
lionor of the Sacred Heart of Mary.
11)., p. .'!41. This medal is shown in
till! accoiupauyiu^ illustrulion.

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inSTOUV OK NEW FK.INCE.

191

.

tho Ciinil);is and otlior Abc'iiiuiuis, who during this winter '^"H-
ruvH;,'ca more tlian fifty lc,i;;iu..s of country. •—y-'^

On tills ,ui,l otii.-r iufuraiation wliicli tlio samo dtpntios Deoitfui
gave tlio Cou.it , It, Frontouiu-, that g.-u."rul suspoctod tho tionfolthe
English of complicity in a miUKi-uvro then played by ^■■"'^""'''•
tho Iroquois, to lull us iuto a falso contidonco, and a
pretoii(h;d reconciliation, with tins view of favoring a now
eutcrpriso .igaiust tiit' government of Montreal. It arose
iu this way ; A party of on > hundred and forty Mohawks,
anion- whom were somo Dutchmen, mado an irruption
at Ciianil)ly and 8ur|)rised somo Iroquois of Sault St.
Louis. Several wore killed, ten or twelve others wore
taken and liound.

Sometime after, three deputies arrived at tlio Sault
from the Moliawk, unarmed, with tho prisoners just men-
tioned, and di!clared that they came to ask peace from
their Father ; l)iit tliat they lirst wished to know whether
tiiey would Ije well received, should they propose to him
to give ti:em lands in tho ueiglii)(n'hood of the Sault to
settle near tlie'ir bn;tlireu. They added that they had
mado ah haste in orch'r to warn tho French to bo on their
guard; inasmuch as eight hundred Irotpiois warriors
wore pn.paring to outer the colony between Montreal and
Three Rivers. They were asked wliether they knew what
had becom(> of tho Cliovalier a'Eau, and they replied
that it was at the solicitation of tho English that they had
burnt tho three Frenchmen who attended him; that he
himself had been on tho point of undergoing the same
fate; that he was actually bound to tho stake, but as English
and Iroquois alike refused to begin tho execution, this
dispute had saved his life.'

Frouteuac, in reporting to Mr. do Pontchartraiu, who
had just succeeded Mr. do Seignelay in the Ministry, tho
various accounts that ho had received, and especially what

'IV la PotbiM-ic, Ilistnire tie l(i!)0-l. N. V. (ol Doc ix 7 )"

lAm,-ri,,u,. S,.p.., iii,. ,,,,. 13.-,_!;!l. s|.,.ahs „f two „„lv ,,s 'l,„nn ",u,',|

( Immpi^nij- to the .Minister, N, Y. on- dead of disease. See Aute n

< 01. Doc, ix., p. 499. The liehition, ryi. ' ' '

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192

IIISTOIIY OF NEW FRANCE

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1(1 Ml. (li;

riMii<iiiii--

iriiiii.

'^'9'- coiicovnod tlio Iro(|noiM, informed him tliat ho had not
""^^ dt!GUK'd it proper uhsohitely to reject tlio i)ro])osition of
hotter of tho Mohiiwks, nor on the otlier hand had ho doomed it ex-
podient to show it too much attontion ; that ho hud ad-
vised tho ChovaHor do Calhores to protrtiet tlio ne<,'otia-
tious throuf^li tho Indians of Sault Saint Louis, and that
ho had uotitiod tho Otttiwas, through tho Sieur do Courto-
maucho,' tliat they would do liiiu a pleasure by constantly
harassing tho Iroipiois, against whom ho kept himself on
guard for fear of surprise.

" I rocommeuded tho same thing," ho adds, " to the
chiefs of tho Cauibas, when they left me, and I am con-
vinced that if his Majesty adopts tho resolution of under-
taking any enterprise in tho direction of Boston and New
York, and seizing this latter place, this conquest will bo
the security of tho country and deprive tho Iroquois of all
hope of protection. On tho other hand, if tho king re-
took Acadia and made himself absolute master of tho
Great Bank, which could bo done by sending three or four
frigates every year to cruise from Capo Sable to the
northern point of Newfoundland, ho would secure to his
kingdom a trade of more thau twenty miUions, and more
advantageous than tho conquest of tho Indies would be." "
" I do not know," lie says, in another letter, written two
months after this, " whether my predecessors have noticed
how important it is to secure tho mastery of all the fish-
eries, iuid the iidvantago they would give to tho commerce
to the whole kingdom ; nothing can render your ministry
more illustrious than to induce the king to undertake this
conquest. I believe it more important than that of all the
Indies, whoso mines are exhausting, while these are inex-
haustible." '

(if

' Augustine Li; Oardcur, Sieur dt'.
CouitcniaiK'hc, son of John I-(^ Uar-
dcurdi' Hi'])cutiirny. Fcrland, ii., p.
233. Daniel, i. \>. \k.

'' Frontcuac to rontcliartrain,

May, KiOl. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., , ,
49.'J-0. Hi-latiou, &c IG'.IO-l. Ji>.,
p. Slfi.

'FrontenactoPontehnrtra , Aug.
13, ICyi. Canada Doc, II /.I., p. 09

"%>

IIISTOHY OK NKW FKANCK.

Moanwliilo tlio ^'reat Iroquois piirty, of which t]i(> ^lo-
hawks luul ^ivou notico, appoan.'d about tho la'^'iiiiiiii},' of
^lay, ucar Moutreal. Thi'v wcro to tlio nuiulier of a thou-
sand, auil having ostablisliud thoir cauip at tlio month of
tlu) groat rivor of tlio Ottawan, thoy sent out two dctach-
iiicnts, one of a hiimlictl and twenty men which took a
northern route, the otlier of two hundred, turning soutii-
ward.' The former first fell on a district of Montreal Is-
land, calli'd Pointe aux 'I'ri'iniili's, wlusre iheylnu'nrd about
thirty houses or barns, and took some si'ttlers, on whnm
they wreaked unheard of cruellies.'

Tlie second l)arty, which included twouty English m.'n,
and sonio Mohegans, glided in Ixstwi'cu Chambly ami jja
Prairie do la ]\[agdeleine, where they surprised twelve In-
dians of Sault St. Louis, men and women ; but th<3 m^xtilay
S(jme Mohawks in tlio party took them homo and declareil
that they camo to treat of peace : it was, however, soon
perceived that their real design was, if possible, to seduce
all the inhabitants of that village ; but in this they did
not succeed.' Almost simultaneously a fourth l)arty of
about eighty men attacked the Iroquois Christians of tho
Mountain, and having invested them on all sides, cap-
tured thirty-tivo women and children, and carried them oil"
in broad day, by means of a skirmish which covered their
retreat.'

193

1691.

New In>-

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' Canada Ooc, II., vi., p. 7:!.

'' Cliuiii|iii,Miy to till! Minister,
Muy I',', 1U!)1." N. Y. (.;ol. Doc, i\.,
p. .")U','-;5, says they di'striyi'l J")
liousi'S, killi'd Olio man and tun
women. Tho HcUition l(i'.)0-l,
gives La Oliine, Hivicri' des I'm li s
and I'ointo aux Trombh's. All thi'
accounts make tho Iroquois lore ■
800. Do la Pothorif, Ilistoiredo 1 A.
S., iii., pp. 132-3. Canada Doc,
II., vi., p. T3.

^ I do not And the authority tor
this. It is not in the N. Y. Col.
Doc, ix., p. .")17, or in Do la Potho
rie, Histoire de I'Auiorinuo Sept., iii.

Ui'hnont, says that May 3. Mohawks
took, near Chambly, six (Jannoyous-
sos, who wore hrouirht hack the
lljtli by Onnonouagaron to koop up
socret understand iufi;.

■• delation, &c, \. Y. Col. Doc,
ix., p. ol7. Do la Potherie, iii,, p.
1;};!, mentions this, without K'^ii'f?
numbers here stated. Belmont,
Histoire dii Canada. ]>. 33, says .May
17tli. 70 Irixpiois attuckttd at 4, A.
M.. were repulsed with sevon killed.
Mis.-iion lost Toniliharon. He says
notliiii:: of women taken ; but the
Histoire do I'Eau di- \'ie <'ii Caiiada,
p. 17, Bays tliey took 30 aud killed six.

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194 llISTOUy OF NEW FKANCB.

1691. Many other less nnmerona bunds spread over tlio colo-
ny from Rt'pentif^iiy to the Riflu-lieu Islands, evorywlioro
comniittinf^ fjrcat ravages, because the troops and the mi-
litia could not keep in the field for want of provisions.
At last the t'hovalier do Vaudreuil formed a corps of a
hundred or a hundred and twenty volunteers, officers, sol-
diers and Canadians, who began by going from house to
house to obtain jirovisions. As soon as they had collected
enough for some days, tliey joined the Siour do la Mine,
captain, who hud started from Montreal some time before
Mr. do Vaudreuil and had discovered a party of Oueidas
undefended in an abandoned house at 8aint Sulpico.
The Chevalier do Vaudreuil, to whom this was re-
s't.'^Suipice, ported, without hesitation marched in that direction. Ho
""^tlKny " ^^^'^ ^''^^^ '"'"' *'''"*"in other brave men, the Chevalier do
Crisasy, Lo Moyuo do Bienville, and Ouroouhare, whom
they began to suspect of being in correspondence with his
nation, but who in the rest of this campaign, completely
dispelled all doubt. Our men, on approaching the house,
perceived liftcen Oueidas lying out doors on the grass,
not suspecting even that there were any French in the
field ; they rushed on tlii^so and killed all before they knew
what was going on. Tliree others rushed out of the house
at the cry of the dying ; one was instantly brought down,
two others escaped to the Avood badly wounded. Then
those still left in tlie house prepared to defend it, and
Bienville, going too near a window, was killed on the spot
by a musket ball.' The loss of this officer, who was well
known to the Irocpiois, roused the courage of those sav-
ages, and but for the extraordinary efforts of de la Mine,
de Crisasy and Oureouhare, one hundred and twenty
Frenchmen were on the point of failing before a dozen
Iroquois, posted in a wretched house. At last the Cheva-

' Francis Lo Moyne, flret Sieiir de

Bitmvillc, fifth son of M. de Lon-

gueil, was born at Montreal, May

10, 1000, and was uimga in the

marine corps. Daniel, Nos (iloires

Nationales, i., p. 47. After his
dcatli liis name was fjiven to one of
liis IjrotliiTS, tlu'n nuitc young, and
now (jovernor of Louiiiiana. t'/iuc-
liciiix.

.^f~-

IlISTOKY OF NEW FHANCE.

lior tlo Vaiulrcuil, aoiuowlmt too Into, thought of sotting
it on Jiro. Tlio eiioiny tried to cut thoir way out, nxo iu
haml, l)ut whou tho tirst two or throo woro kilioil, fivo
wore tiikon ami moroilossly burnt by tiio sottlorrt, who
were couviuood that tho ouiy moans of correcting tlioae
Indians was to treat tliom as thoy treated others.'

We sliiU have in tlio scuiuol more than one occasion to ^,j
speak of tho Maiiinis and Chevalier do Crisasy, and the ','',"
reader will perhaps bo glad to know who they were and
what brought tiieiu to New Franco. There were two
brothers of one of the most illustrious and powerful
houses in Sicily. Thoy had boon amongst tho first to de-
clare for Franco iu tho revolt, which had well nigh wrested
that kingdom from the king of Spain, and when the trou-
bles were appeased, they could not obtain or durst not
solicit pardon from his Catholic Majesty. The Cheva-
lier was a professed Knight of the Order of St. John of
Jerusalem, had made his caravans with all possible
distinction, and, iu fact, possessed all the qualities that
can raise a military man to the highest honors in his pro-
fessiot .

The Marquis was also very brave, and bore marks that
would have done him great honor had he not received
then; dghtiug against his lawful prince. By the submis-
sion of Sicily ho beheld himself deprived of all his pro-
perty, which was considerable. Believing that the Most
Christian king would interest himself in obtaining its re-
storation, or compensate him, he proceeded with his
brother to Versailles, not doubting but that they would
soon be employed iu a manner suited to their bii-th and
services.

They were disappointed iu their expectations. Princes
who do not scruple to use tractors, do not always feel
bound to reward treason, esi)ecially when they do not de-
rive all the advantage they anticipate from it ; or rather

I) wcro

Messrs.
Crisasy.

' Bi'nac, RoliUion de ce qui s'cst Udc, ix., p. r)17-8. Du la Potherie,
passu. Ciinuda Doc., 11., vi., p. 74. Histoiru du rAmeriquu Sept., ii., pp
Kelaliou, &c., I«y0-1. N. V. Col. 134-.5.

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196

IIISTOUY OF NKW FUANCE.

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1691. rioviilciicc, wliicli wntclicH over tlic ])iTS('rvatinn of stiitca,

— ->— ^ niicly pciinits (liciii to accicilit |icrli(ly. At'tci' nnicli ho-

licitiitioii, till) Crisiisys IxOicld tliriiist'lvcH lirou^^'ht down

to accept each a company in Cauaila, for fear of having

notliiii^' at all. Tlicro tlioy Horvod til! their death, with a

zoal from wliirh they un;,dit liav(< hoped for eveiythiiif,'

had they exerted it, the one for his native hind, the other

for his onh-r ; hut of whieh tliti Court of Franeo never niau-

ifosted any ^'reat appreciation.

The Chevalier, after many j,' illant aetions, in which men

were at a loss whothtu' to admire most his ai)ility in war,

bis ])enetratiou in coniieil, his jnd^'meiit in the enteiprises

conlided to him, or his intrepidity and presence of mind

in action, at last sanli under the mortilicatiou of heliold-

iufj; himself ne^'lected, without hoi)e of promotion ;' (ho

Manpiis, witJi less brilliant merit, hut with the reputation

of a wise and brave ollicer, supi»orted his misfortunes with

more patience and philosophy, and died Governor of Three

Rivers.'

.^ Shortly before the action just mentioned, the sameBieu-

(iiini:. i,;iiiy viii^j ^yjj^, there unfortunately h)st his life in the flower of

Kicniii Ins age, had pursued a party of sixty Cayuj^as, among

thf iiiiiu (if whom there were some Mohawks. He had with him two
Ir(ii)iuiis "f, ,,.,, ,,

Biiiiit St. hundred picked men, i' reneli and donu'sticateil li'oipiois,

and as ho surprised the enemy, who were far inferior in

mimbers, ho felt certain that not one could esca])e him ;

but the Mohawks having asked to parley with the Iroipiois

of Sanlt St. Louis, the latter insisted on hearing them, for

fear, they said, of breaking oil' all chance of arrangement

between them and that canton.'

The Mohawks vowed to them that tlioy wished for

nothing so much as peace, and ollered to return with them,

' Tlicy were cousins to the Princo ■' Helation, &c., lOltO-1. N. Y.

of Monacci.aiid (irimsiUli mul lioiiis Oil. Doe., ix., p. 517. De In I'otlie-

of Mebsiua. The C.'lievalier ilird rie, Ilistoire <le rAiiii'ri(iite Sei>tunt.,

March, Ki'JU. iii- , !>• !•'■'• Belmout, Ilistoire du

''lie died on tbo Humuier of Canada, ]!. ;!:!, ^ives June 17. as the

170U. d.iy liieuviUu Bluned.

niSTOUY OF MCW FHANCE.

107

SllS|ji('i()U

on tliii
luuttur.

l)r<)niisui<,' to solid (It'pntifis forthwith to Montreal to treat 1691.
with Mr. (h) CaMii'ii's. They wcru lichovcd on thi;ir word,
iiiid iiliowod to doptut lis wfll us tho Ciiyuf^as, for whom
tiioy luiswonnl, and us tliis was ivll timt thoy Imd in view,
thtsy took no pains to kcc^p thoir word. lu tbia conduct
of tho Inxpiois Cliristians, tht'ro was nothin}^ surprising.
Indians cannot mistrust tiioso, oven, who have most fre-
quently broken tiicir word with tiiom ; but Mr. do Froute-
ui , ever prejudiced against them, on thia occasion gavo
full swecj) to his suspicions, wiiich, nevertheless, had no
l(!gitimate basis, and lie thus expressed himself in a letter
written that very year to tiie new minister :

" There has been uuioh outcry against tho Indians of Fiont.-inic'j
Sault, and their conduct has l)een suspected of insincerity,
I have l(Uig since [lerceived a great indulgence that d(jea
not please me, any more tlian certain secret iutercourso
and connexion which they maintain with tho Moliawks,
among whom thi^y have many kindred. I have freipieutly
notilied the Fathers who direct them, and whom I would
not like to accuse of having any hand in it ; but it is cer-
tain that, either from a desire of humoring them, or gain-
ing tiieiu to Christ by ways of mildness, or from other
reasons unknown to me, they are sometimes too indulgent
with them. The experience of twelve years' stay in this
country, has convinced me that those missions should not
be separated as they are from the French ; that they should
always be left with tho latter, in order to Frenchify them
by (Jhristianiziug them, and that, otherwise, they will be
more prejudicial tiian useful to tho king's service."

His Majesty's Council now saw their true policj' in re- Fnisn prin-
ganl to tlie conduct 01 tlie missionaries- toward tho Indians, this Gov-
aud were convinced that their zeal was neither weak nor
blind. The intercourse kept up by their neophytes with
their relatives had no t)l)ject but to people their village
with new proselytes, that is to say, diminish tho number
of our enemies, and increase that of our allies, as daily
hapi)eiu:d. It was even admitted that the col' uy had uo
bettor soldiers than those who were iu this way detached

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198

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

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1691. from t\w cautouH, and that tho towu ut tho Siuilt was ouo
'■^y '— ' of its HtrouguHt bulwarks.

If tht>8o ChristiuuH on hoiuo occiisioiiH did not do all tbiit
was oxpoctod of thorn, if aoiuo individuals acted from mo-
tives other thau those iuouleatod ujhju them, no ouo be-
fore or after Frouteuac, thouj^ht of makinj,' the whole town
responsible, and much less, those who directed it ; aud au
experieuco, uot of teu yearn but of more thau a ceutury,
has tauj^ht us that tho worst system of f^overuiuj; those
people aud maiutaiuuif^ theiu iu our iuterest, is to briii<^
them iu contact with tho French, whom they would have
esteemed more, had they seeu them less closely.

Iu tiue, there was no louf^er any doubt that the best modo
of Christianizing them, was to avoid Freuchifying tlioin.
In the sevou or eight mouths that tho Iroquois of the Sault
and tho Mouutaiu, spent at Moutroal, after tho ravage of
Lachino, they became uurecoguizable,boiii as regards mo-
rals and piety, and there h no ouo now who does uot ad-
mit, that if their fervor is uo more, as it was so long, the
edidcatiou aud admiration of New Franco, it is because
they have had too much intercourse with us. The example
of the Abi''ua([ui uatious, much further removed from the
French settlements and whose attachment to our iutoro.st
could go uo further, alone sufficed to convince the Gen-
eral of the fallacy of his principle. His complaints and
his atlvice were little regarded at Court, where they were
at last persuaded that his project, which they had taken
up so warmly thirty years before, was neither useful nor
practicable.'

The Christians of the Sault St Louis and tho Mountain,
gave them even a proof of their tidelity sufficient to dispel
the suspicion of the Count do Frouteuac. The Onondaga

' Le Clercq's Etablissement de la of tlie Mississippi, p. 80. Li; Clercq

Foi, ]mblislu'(l in l(i!)l, ilcdicati-il to iidduccans 11 proolDriiis posilimi, tlmt

Count di' [''rontcnuc, ami siiid by in Now Kny;lan(l aud .N'cw Voili llio

Charlevoix to bv in part hy liiui, is huliaus had ainiilgamatiHl with tlio

eutirt'ly in tliis view of l-^onchifyiiig wliiti-s! Tlic lu'st modi! of nianaj^o-

the Indians, tieu tshta, Ditjcovery iug the ludiuua is still a problem.

I .

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IIWTOHV OF NKW FKANiE.

109

Clinton, which hiul iidoptud tho fiiniily of H'umr lo Mt)yno, 1691.
rcsolviMl to scml liiin a liolt to (lt'|ilorn th(» ih-ath of Saintu ■— r— '
UoUmu), his Hon. With tho ono appointoil for this ccni- ^.^ ^^ ^^^
mony thoy sunt two woiuon of tho vilhi^o on tho Mountain ";'>^|".''/''
who haJ boou hoiil us prisouoiM, lint woro now Hot 'iuu'*-
froo.'

As uo doubt was outortaiuod in tiio canton, hut that such
a favor had brouj^iit thcso woniou ovor to tiio intoionts of
tho nation, thoy tiiou},'ht that thoy could ontrust ihoui with
a very doUoato comniission ; they hainh'd thoiu two bt^its,
wiiioli thoy woro to duHvor soerutly, ono to ono of tiio chiefs
of tlioir villa^'o, and tho otiior to Louis Athoriliata, wlio Uvcd
lit Sault St Louis, and was god-sou to tho king, liy tiioHo
bolts thoy woro invitod to return to tlioir country and bring
back as many as thoy (!ould of tlioir lolativos ami friends,
and to give groator ollicacy to this invitation tho two Iro-
quois womou woro to add tliat thoro was uo othor moans loft
thorn to escape perishing with tho Preuch. On what this
throat was based, wo shall soon see.

Tho two [udians rocoivod tho bolts, but at onco carried
thoui to tho Governor of Moutroal, swearing inviolable fi)!,'''',''!),."!
fidelity to him. Tho Uhovaliordo (Jalliorcsat thosamo timo '"'" .'"'*
loaruod from tho two woinon, who brought tho bolts, that a
largo Iro(^uois party had g(Mio to take post on tho Ottawa
liivor, at a place called tho Long llapid, and that it was
their design to cut oil" all who passed that way to or from
MichiUiiuakiuac, thou to spread ovor tho Frouch sottlomouts
and provout their gathering in tho crops.

Tlio iut\)rmatioii was true, but tho Chovalior do Vau-
drouil, who had assembled at Quebec a large number of .sol-
diers and volunteers to give chase t(j those savages, learned,
on passing Three ilivers, that they had decamped, either
because tliey got information of tlie preparations on foot
against them, or because tho incursions of our allies into

;,

■4

' Kelations, &c., N. Y. t'ol. Doc, toin- du rAlueriquu ii>.'{>t., ix., p.
ix., p. 518. De la PotUerl^^ His- 135.

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lllSTtJllV Ol-' Ni;\V KUANt'E.

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1691

their ('(iniitry rcciillfd tlmiu to tlefi'inl tlioir fmuilit's mid
priivtsiit tint laviixiii;,' of tlu-ir own tonitory.'

Ill fiict llio Will coiitiuiicd (juit(! vi^'oroiisly hotwooii thoMo
Our riiHiM IiidiiiiiH, iiiid it iH ccatiiiu that thin divorHiua wns of vury

nilltllllK' to 1 il'i I T? i III I' I '

piwh (iitt ^•'"'i*' iit'l'ty to 'i**- I' roiitfiiiif liiid l)('t'ii vi'ry Miu'CDSMtiil 111
rcxjuoiii. gujiiiiij^ {!„, ottiiwiis mid lluroiis, wlio did woihUtm diiiiii^^
thu wiiitiii'. Still liu hud not yot licrii tdilu to Ht'ud tluni
iiitLdlij^oiico of tlio victory i,'iuiiod liy our troops ovor tlio
Eii;^'lisli tlot't, iiud it wiiH uot until ttio ico multud, tlmt du
Courtfiimncho mid do llcpi'iiti^^ny wero mnit t.) inform
thoiu. Those two ollici'is, with only ten nion, passed tlir(iii^,'h
that host of Iroipiois who surroundud tho island of Mou-
troal, and arrivotl at Miehilliiuackinac without rucoivin^tho
least check. Tiieir mission proihu'ed all thoetl't^et expected,
and as soon as they returned to Montreal, Courtemancho
received orders to start back to tako command aiuon^ tho
Miamis, whom it was doomed uocossary to roassuro a},'aiust
tiio incursions of tho Iroipiois, and whoso conduct tho au-
lliorities wi'io ilispcjsi'd to watch.'
Rriiof from ^^" '•'"' ^^^ "' July a small shij) from Franco, comiuaiul-
*""*■ cd \>y tho Siour Donys do Donavouturo anchored boforo
(Quebec, and tilKul tlio whole city with joy, not so much ou
act'ount of tho relief which it broa^^iit, and which could uot
bo very ^'I'oat, as by the assurance tho conimaudaut f^avo
that tho colony would soon rocoivo onoujj;h to restore
abundance to tho couutiy. In fact, twelve days after Mr.
du Tast, captain of a ship of tho line, arrived with a con-
voy of fourteen sail of dillorent siztis. In truth, all this
armamout was. uot intended to rovictual tho colony. It
was destined chiefly to recover Port Nelson from tho En-
glish and tho Northern Ct)mpauy had iuourrodmoat of the
outlay.'

' Tlie chief of the Mountain was Cnnada Doc., II., vi., p. 5:}. 800,

Taiuiiurulouu. N. Y. C(il. Diic., ix., p. t(H>, N. Y. t'ol. Uoc, is., p. ,510. Ho

51H, or'raniioura'ma. Uc la rothoriis set imt iroiu Montival April '.!'J.

iii., 1/. loli. ' Ki'liition Sir., N. V. Col. Doc, is.,

'•' .loiiruiil (lu Sii'ur clo Coiirto- p. ."Jlll. Dit la I'otlicric, iii, p. IDT.

niancho. ilcpuin Moiitroal Du Ta^t is culli'<l in the foriiuT

jUMpiaux Outaouas, June If, lOUl. Du Tartre, and in tliu latter Dutas.

'it I

' u-ht

niST«)IIY (»F NKW FUANi'E.

201

Yot tliiH nnt<>rpriso wuh not tlnu oftrrieil out, lunl the '"9''
roasoii iiiMiu-(^(l I'nr (U>fi>ri'iti^' it, iitiiiicly, tliiU tlut hi'iinoii

WHS too fur lulvillicud, WllH littlo lllol'ii tllilll a prt'tt'Xt, lll- Knlirprmo
tliuii^'li uut t'litirt'ly witlioiit foiiinliifioii. 'i'lif real rc.isoii rn.i\,i,„|,
WHS lliiil tlio wliolt) |>iolil WHS to )^o to tlio (Joiiipiiny, luid WUyV""
thiit (ril)orvillo WHS to slum) tlio ^loiy with tho Coiumiiu-
diiiit of tin) iiinj^'s sliips. Aci!oriliiif,'iy tlmt olUcor, on arriv-
iii;^' at (^iu'Imh', did not conceal Ids f^!clill^,'S tiiat such an ex-
pedition was not at ail to his tast' . i't.'t, as tho kin^^'s or-
ders were positive, l-'rontcnac, to wlioiu they were ad-
ih'esscd, did not wish to take npnn liiiasi'lf to cli,iii;^e any-
tliin;4 of Ills ou II luilhiii'ity.

'riii: e\|icdi.'nt tliat he a loptid was to asscmldo those
interested in the Noidicrn Company, and ail wiio possessed
any kiiowlt!il;,'o of tlic navigation of tlie Day. Tin ru Mt.
lUi Tast sot forth tho reasons wluch ,<eenied to hiui most
suitalile to convince them of the dan^'erof exposin;^' ships
on that sea so late in the season. All wiTe convinced, or
saw that it wouhl bo useless to seem not to be, and do
Frontouac and do Chami)i^'ny deemed it expedient not
to express thoir own opinions.'

Moreover they had positive iufonnatiou that tho Gulf
of St. Lawrence, ami all tho lower river, were infested by
English cruisers, who had already captured sovoral
merchantmen and tishinj,' smacks, and it did not displease
tho Cioveruor-General to tiud that du Tast preferred
cruising iu those parts to making war in Hudson's
Bay ; more cs})ecially as this second destination was
given iu that captain's instructions, iu case the tirst was
doomed absolutely impossible."

Withiu a short time a rumor began to spread that tho orcnt pro-
English were seriously thinking of taking thoir roveuge 'of"'tiic"'
for tho atl'.out they had received tho year before otF *;"^^"0'
Quebec ; it was oveu positively stated that Pliibs had

' Decision prise par MM. de Fron- '' Frontunnc to tlio Minister, Oct.
tennc ft Champigny, July 10, lOUl. !.'0, 1091. N. Y. Col. Doc., U., p.
Canada Doc, IL, vi., p. 60.

1

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HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

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i6gi. gone to Enp;lan(l, and was to return with a fleet ninch
>i^y— y more powerful tlian the last for a new attempt. Finally
they were iiifonned tiiat very f^roat preparations were
making at Albany to attack the island of Montreal,
Phibs' voyage and plans were real ; but his exertions were
useless ; to all appearance they had not sufticient conti-
dence in his ability to entrust him with a second arma-
ment, the more especially as ho was no longer in a position
to bear the expense.'

That preparing in New York was not strong enough to
act successfully alone ; for it was composed of only live
hundred men,'^ one hundred and eighty English, tl.>o rest
Mohawks and Mohegans. Yet it gave rise to a very
sharp action ; but that Providence which protected New
France appeared in a very sensible manner. The army
which the preceding year was to fall on the head of the
colony, having been dispersed by the disunion which
arose, they were able to meet the English fleet with all the
forces of the colony, and this year the fleet in its turn fail-
ing, Montreal had means to resist all the efforts which the
English and their allies could make to penetrate to that
island.
The enemy In fact, the Chevalier de Callieres no sooner learned that
jJ^Huroai'. the enemy were approaching, than he without difficulty
collected from seven to eight hundred men whom he eu-
camjjed at la Prairie de la Magdeleine. He then sent out
several scouting parties, and a few days after, one of the
sons of the Sieur Hertel, to wl.iom he had assigned three
Algomiuins and an Iroquois of the Mountain to watch the
march of the confederates, brought in word, that he had
seen a canoe in Sorel river, a little above the Chambly ra-

' N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 540. bnwks, 0(5 River Indians : tntnl, 2GG.

' Somi! nu'nioirs even reduce it to Tlio Helution, lOOl-'i, N. Y. Col.

280 men. rhtftcnnx. This was Doe., ix., j). 5'JO, says :200 Knglish and

Major Peter Schuyler's Expedition, n great number ol'.Moliepiii.s and Mo-

as to which, see his Report, N. Y hawlis. ThoUistoirede I'Eau deA'ie

Col. Doc.,iii., p. 800; he there makes en (Canada, p. 180, says 140 English

hiB force 120 Christians, 80 Mo- and 80 Mohegans.

\-L\k

HISTORY OP NEW FRANCE.

pid ; tliiit on approachiuj,', Lo saw that tbcy were Mo-
hiuvks, who seemed to hiiu to be also on a scout ; tliat he
fiii'd ou them' and brought down five.*

On tliis report tlio Governor of Montreal perceived that
Chambly was in danger, and he deemed it advisable to
s(!iid the Siour de Valrenes' to the spot with two hundred
men. He ordered him, if the enemy made any movement
against that post, to threw himself ir and defend it ; f
lliey passed on, not to allow himself to be seen but to
follow their trail so as to take them in the rear, while he
himself attacked them in front. Two other captains,
Messrs. do Muys and d'Orvilliors, the Sieur Dupuys, lieu-
tenant iu Valrenes' company, and many subalterns, wore in
tliis party, which was followed by a number of Indians
and provincials, Avho were to form a corps apart under the
connuiuul of the Sieur le Bert du Chesne, who was al-
ready ported near Chambly.'

Among the domesticated Indians, were three chiefs of
L,a-cat renown ; Oureouhare commanded the Hurons of
Lorette ; Paul, an Iroquois of Sault St. Louis, led the
warriors of his town and those of the Mountain, and la
Routine, a Temiskaming chief, was at the head of a large
party of his nation of Algonquins. For three days those
who remained at la Prairie de la Magdeleine, slept in biv-
ouac, when, on the night of August iOth and 11th, which
was extremely dark and rainy, weary with previous
watches, and soaked with rain, they retired within the fort,
where Mr. do Callieres was contined to his bed with a vio-
lent fever, ' 'i li:id not left him since he started from
Montreal.

203

1691.

Do

Callicre's
prepiira-
tions for

defence.

VI

it i

t ii

[III

p

'X. Y.Col., Doc, ix., p. 531.

'Du la Pothcrk-, iii, p. lliO, aiUl«
this.

' C'liMiicnt (U> Vuault de Valri'iincs
wa8 from St. ,Jran (!<- la Poteric in
the iliiH'i'Sf or Hcauvais, and dc-
sci'uded (Vdiu tlic Clements, Mar-
shals of France. He entered the

service in lOUa. He was on Denon- diers.

ville's expedition, in 1G87. Dan-
iel, ii., p. 284. Ferland, ii., 235,
N, Y. Col., Doc., ix.. , 3.59.

^ N. V. Col., Doc, ix, p. .T'l, Bi'nac,
Canada Doe , 11., vi„ p. 77. De la
I'otlierie, iii., p. V.',\>. Failloa, Vie
lie Mile Le Ber, p. 123, says Lo
Ber had 80 Canadians and 80 sol-

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204

Action of

Ln Prairiu

(111 lu

Magdc-

lome.

HISTORY OP NEW FRANCE.

This fort was thirty panos from the river, on an aljrujjt
elevation between two prairies, one of which, facing a
place call La Fourche, is intersected by a little river within
cannon-shot of the fort, and a little nearer by a ravine.
Between the two is a current on which t. mill hud be(>u
built ; on this side to the left of the fort the militia wore
encamp(Ml, and had boon joined by some Ottawas who
Happened to bo at Montreal when the alarm was given.
The regular troops were encam])od on the right, and tlie
officers had pitched their tents opposite on an eminence.'

An hoiar before daybreak, the sentinel posted at the
mill perceived men creeping along the height where the
fort stood. He immediately fired his piece, called, " To
Arms !" and sprang into the mill.' They were enemies,
who, creeping along between the little river La Fonrclie
and the ravine, gained the bank of the river and took up
a position there ; then, finding the militia quarters un-
manned, drove out the few who remained, and held their
gi'ound. Some provincials and six Ottawas were killed in
thio surprise.'

At the sentinel's call, Mr. de St. Cyrquo, an old captain,
commanding in the absence of Mr. de Calliores, marched
at the head of the troops, a part of whom followed the
river edge, and a part crossed the prairie, passing around
the fort. The battalion commanded by Saint Cyrque in
person first came in sight of the militia quarters , although
that officer was not yet aware that the enemy were in pos-
session, still having some suspicion he halted to get infor-

' Relation, 1691-3. N. Y. Col.
Doc., ix., p. 531. Do la Potliorie,
HiBtoire de I'Ameriquu Sept., iii., p.
139.

' lb. Belmont, Histoire ilu Cnnnda,
p. 3fj. 'riiis was Aug. 1, O. S., 11,
N. S. Sdiiiyler says tlie sentinel or
miller killed one of his Indians, and
was firing ajriiiu from tlie window
when tliey shot liim. Miijur I'eter
Schuyler's .Tournal of his expedition.
N. Y. Col. Doc., iii., p. 803.

3 Relation, &c., l(ini-3, N. Y. Col
Doc., is., p. .lil. Do la Potherio
Histoico de I'.Vin.Tiqiie Sept., iii., p.
130-40. Both BelnKint, Histoire du
Canada p. 33, and the Histoire de
I'Kau de Vic en Canada, p. 18, as-
cribe! the surprise to a night spent
in debauchery. Schuyler, Journal.
N. Y. Col. Doc, iii., p. 801, says the
Ottawas were under cano(>s. He
claims to Lave destroyed most of
them.

I

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

205

1691.

mation. At tliat moment a volley of musketry opened
upon them, mortally wouiuliug him and the Sieur d'Escai-
rac inul killing Mr. d'Hosta on the spot.'

Tlie second battalion came up at the moment, led oy Mr.
do la Chassivigne, and rushed headlong on the enemy, who,
after a very vigorous resistance, seeing themselves ou the
point of having the whole French army upon them, re-
treated in very good order. Mr. do St. Cyrque wa.i bleed-
ing to death, the artery in the log being cut, but nothing
could induce him to retire within the fort till he saw the
enemy turn their backs ; and ho thus by his intrepidity
atoned for his fault in allowing himself to be surprised.
He fell dead some moments after, at the very entrance of
the fort, and d'Escairac died the next day."

Men were quite surprised to see them allow the enemy
to complete his retreat tranquilly, and with an aii- which
was rather that of conquerors than vanquished. More-
over, we had killed only live or sis. of their men, wounded
about thirty and taken a single grenadier at the moment
when he was preparmg to throw grenades into the fort.
Our loss was greater, evuu without counting the three of-
ficers already named. Moreover, they carried off the scalps
of several of the Froncli, and uttered loud cries, as though
they wished to insult our troops.

Tins inaction resulted from there being no one to com-
mand, or perhaps, becau.se every one wished to command ; ^"" - °
but it did not last. The enemy had nearly entered a
wood, when they perceived a small French detachment,
commanded by the Hieav Domergue, following closely ;
they formed an ambasoado into which those In-avo fellows

Mr. do
Valrenub.

' Bemic, Relation, Ciiuada Doc. It.,
vi., !>. 77. Rfgistor of la Prairi.',
KiiJl. Daiiiol, Nos filoirns, ii., p. 'iH2.

■ Ri'lation, &o., X. V. Col. Doc, is.,
I'. r>3i. Dc la i'otlii-i-io, Ilistoirt' dt-
rAm.'riqiiu Sept., iii., p. MO. Bel-
luoiit, llistoire du Canada, p. 31.

Ilia life iu t'le best regiments
in France, and to Lave commanded
a battalion in Sicily. N. Y. Col.
Doc, ix., [). ,j-,"J. Cliainpigny to the
minister, Aug. V2, 1091. N. Y. Col.
Doc, ix., p, rm, describes the action
briefly, and there is ([uite a detailed

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St. Cyrque is said to have served all account in the Register of La I'rairie,

■'.Va

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206

1691.

Defeat of
the eiK'iny.

Loss oil
both Bides.

fllSTOKY OP NEW FRANCE.

fell aiul wfr(3 killed to a man.' Still more elated by this
new success, the coufeileratcs resumed the route by which
they had come ; but after marching two leagues, their
runuers discovered Mr. do Valreues, who, at the first
sound of an action, had hastened up with Mr. lo Bort and
the Indians. The runners had seen only the head of this
corps of troops, and the enemy, not thinking it so large,
imagined that they could dispose of it as easily as they
had of Domergue's. "Without a moment's hesitation they
attacked it, and that with a resolution that would have
disconcerted a commander less firm and li'ss ready than
Valrenes. Fortunately for that officer there were at the
sjiot two large fallen trees. A man who knows his busi-
ness, turns to advantage what would escape the attention
of another."

Valrenes accordingly made breastworks of these trees,
placing his men behind, flat on the ground, to receive the
tirst fire of the enemy. He then gave the word to rise,
divided them into three bands, each of which tired ; then,
with incredible presence of mind and celerity, he drew
them up in line, and charged the enemy with so much or-
der and vigor, that they gave way on all sides. The allies
nevertheless rallied no less than twice ; but after a fight
of an hour and a half they were compelled to disband
and their rout was complete.' One hundred and twenty
were counted on the field, and it was afterwards ascer-
tained that the wounded far exceeded the killed in num-
ber." This action was a very sharp one, and managed

' Doiucrgiio was killed in the ra-
vine, with twelve men, and Seliuy-
lertook three of the party prisoniTs.
Schuyler's Journal, N. Y. Col. Doc,
lii., 1). 801. Hehnont, Ilistoire du
Canada, ii. 114. Benao, Kelation,
Canada Doc.. II., vi., p. 78.

•^Relation, &e., l(!!)l-3. N. Y.
Col. Doc, is., p. '>2'2. Do la I'otlierie,
Histoire do I'Amerique Sept., iii., p.
141-2

' Schuyler's Journal, N. Y. Col.
Doc, iii., p.804. gays that Valrenes
was between him and his canoes ;
that h.; cut bis way through the
I'Vench, then turned and drove them
liack. The Friiieli accounts admit
that Routine »as repulsed, in a
charge, and that sniue of Le Bert's
Canadians at first gave way.

J Th(! Kelation, 10!Jl-a, from In-
dians who counted the dead and in-

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IlISTOKY OF NEW FRANCE.

with (ill possiblo skill. Valronos was evcrywhoro, bravely
exposing his ixtsoii, aud giving ^lis orders with as much
saiigt'ioid as if commaudiug a drill. Tho young aud va-
liant lo 13ort Du Chesuo distiuguished himself extremely
at the head of the Canadians, and was mortally wounded,'
as well as auother olUcer, named Varlet. Thetliree Indian
chiefs outdid tlunuselves, and PauP was killed eucourag-
iug his Iroquois by word and example to light to the death
against the enemies of the Faith. Tho English aud Mo-
hawks di.'-'pla3'ed a courage that at tirst made tho victory
doubtful. For a long time they fought hand to hand or
so near as to blackeu each other's faces with powder. Tho
victors took Hags and baggage, but Jo Valreues would not
pursue the fugitives, his meu being so spent with fatigue
that they could uo longer stand or hold their arms.
They had indeed been marching three days over frightful
roads, uuablo to tako a momeut's rest, without provisions,
aud with nothing but muddy water to quench their thirst
Valreues thought that a fresh troop of Iroquois from

eluding prtsonors, and Do la Potlie-
rie, lUiiku English loss 200 : 'I'lio
foniiiT says that the Mohawks h'ft
30 deiul oil tliu iield, \). 'yiii Bel-
mont says Suiiuylor had 101 killed.
De la I'othi'ilL' says tho Froiich lost
in all, 40, and "had 40 wounded.
Schuyler, N. Y. Col. Doc, iii., p. HO."),
gives his loss, 2i Christmns, 10 .Mo-
hawks, six Kiver ludiaus, wounded
35, but roducoB his dead by six re-
turned. Ho ostimates French loss
in all :iOO. Colden, History of the
Five Nations, p. 1:29, makes Freni^li
loss l;j olHcers, 300 men. He does
not give Schuyler's loss, merely say-
ing the Mohawks had 17 killed, 11
wouudeil. Smith, History of New
York, p. 78, makes the French loss
300.

' John Vincent Le Her du Cliesne.
son of James Le Her, from I'istri' in
the diocese of Kouen and of Jane Le

Moyne. was a brother of the famoUij
Canadian recluse, Jane Le Her. Ht.
v.iis born at Montreal in lOGd, and
after receiving his death wound as
here stated, was taken to his father's
house, and di(!d there, Aug. 13.
Kaillon, Vie de .Vile, le Ber, p. ia.5,
oUo-1, correcting his life of Mar-
guerite Uoiirgeoys, i., p. 358. James
Lo Ber was surnameil La Hose and
after being ennobled, assumed tho
namo"de Saint Paul."

'' Paul was a Huron by origin, but
was one of the oldest, and the most
eloiiueiit of the Dogiciues or chiefs
of the Mission in La Prairie and tho
Sault. He seems to have been of tho
earliest settlers, and was a chief as
early as l()7.j. See Sliea's History
of the Catholic .Missions, pp 3(i;^,
32:!.

'' lieiiap, lielaliou, Canada Doo., H.,

207

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208 HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

J 69 1 Raiilt St. Louis who had startotl at tho soiintl of tlio firing,
'—^ v ^' to take part, but who had como up ouly when tho atl'tiir was
over, mi{,'ht do what his own men wcro no longer in a con-
dition to attempt ; but those Indians, liearing tho voUeys
fired at the funeral of tho officers killed in tho first acviou,
imagined that a new battle was going on at la Prairio do la
Magdeleine ; they at once hurried thither, and this ojror was
tho salvation of tho English and the Mohawks. Wo had
this day sixty men killed and as many wounded, some of
whom died, among them, Messrs. lo Bert and Varlet. An
Englishman taken prisoner by do Valrenes, told hiui that
after tho I'eturn of this party, a second of four hundred
men was to come ; that at the same time five hundred Iro-
quois were to como by Catarocouy, and that their object
was to prevent tho French from gathering in their crops ;
but nothing appeared, and the harvest, the loss of which
would have reduced the colony to the last extremity, was
gatherec' "ery tranquilly and proved very abundant."

I '

' Rulation, &c., 1091-2. N. Y.
Col. Doc, ix., J). 523. Cliampigny
to the Minister, Aug. 12, 1G91, des-
cribes Valrcues' action brietiy. N.
Y. t'ol. Uoc, ix., p. 504. So too La
Hontan, Voyages, i., p. 239. C'olden
in his History of tlio Five Nations,
pp. 127-8, confounds John and Peter
Bohuyler'B expeditions, ascribing the

affair to Peter, but making it pre-
cede Phipps' attack on Quebec.
Smith, UiBtory of New York, p. 78,
though ignorant of Jolin Scliuyler'a
expedition, corrects < 'olden 's error as
to Peter's. Chalmers, Con. Political
Annals, p. 74, is also misled, See
Historical Magazine, II., iii., p.
203.

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BOOK XY.

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^^OK^oiAMA^ De. tXeteic

!iJ»V>t.C

U^<AA^^

jVfc -~.

BOOK XV.

y

1 69 1 .

Tho
Kii«llsh

uoutnilil/.

On lioaring of tho enemy's approach, Froutonac sot out
from (^iifl)oc for Moutroul ; but ou arriviiif^ there ho
Itunied of their defeat and llight, and at oiiee retraced his
.steps. Shortly after lie received letters from tho (iover-
uor-Geueral of New Euyhiud, bef,'i,'iug him to restore tho
prisoners takeu by the Abi'uacpiis ou his territory, aud
proposing to him ueutrahty in America, uotwitlistuudiug
tile war still subsistiug botweeu tho two Crowus iu Europe.
It was easy to iufor that this proposition was uot made
sincerely, iuasmuch as the English general said nothing of
sending back the French detained by him at 13ostou ; and
that the oidy motive for tho step, was some diliicvdty iu
which New England found itse' ,

The Baron do St. Castin, who had made a considerable J^^^^ \
establishment among tho Abeuaiiuis and even married a
a y<niug woman of that tribe, soon solved the enigma iu a
memoir which he transmitted to do Froutonac. Ho there
stated that the English and Dutch in New York, were at
war, and that tho object of the Englisli Governor was also
to seduce from us the Abenuipii Indians by means of tho
proposed exchange, or at least to induce them to arrest
their incursions, but that he woulil undertake to baffle tho
execution of that project.'

Ou^this information Frontenac replied to the English
General, that when he restored to him tiio Chevalier d'Eau
aud Mr. de Manuoval, whom ho retained as prisoners,

' Hcliitidii, &c., lOOl-','. N. Y. Col. Pontchurtruiu, Oct. 20, 101)1. lb. p. ,
Uoc., ix., p. 52.'). Frontenuc to 505.

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HISTOIIY OK NKW FIIANCK.

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tho fonii»>r hy tlio troiiclu'iy i>f tin' Iro(|\K)iH, tlio liittir
tlniiii^'li tho bud faith of Adiiiinil I'hilm, ho nii^ht (>|ii'n
, ii(i;,'uliiUioiix, liiit williuiit this prchmimiiy ho would hst"'ii
njiiy. to iiotliiiiL;. lie tlnii wroli' to liiu Count (hi I'outcliiiitiaia
to l.iy litl'iHT liiiii thn iidviintii^'fH \vhi»'h thi* troiii)h's iu
Ni'VV York iitVoidt'd lor [\ir corKjui'st of that proviurc ;
hut the MiuisttT ri'iiHi'd tii it tint Kin^' ui'i'ihxl ail ids
forni'H iu ICuioin'.aud tliat Ids Maji'sty's viows iu I'ci^ard
to Now Fntuo(!, woro contiuoil to a luoro [uovoution of
Eiip,'lish uttouiittH.

Allliou^'li tlioy hiul oiitiroly rocovorod at Montnnil
from tiu» fi'ur iuspin^l l)y tlio two larj^o partios inoutiou-
cd in tlio priTcdiii^' IJooli, lucu woro uot entirely tnuuiuil.
Minor hostilities coutiuued, fow woi'lis passod without
Hovoral ahiriuH, and but for tho precaution of ^'iviuj^
f^uards to tho harrostors, many of tho farnnTs wtjuld
liave Ijeeu killod while yottiu;^ iu tho crops. Ouroouiiari',
who had distinf,'uishod himself on ho miuiy occasiou3
during tho two last caiui)aiyus, aud quite lecoutly iu tho
hist combat under do Valrenos, performed, towards tho
closi' of this campaign, au action which otlectually de-
termined liis position as tho ally ou whom wo could
most surely rely.
ETvloit of Ho hud scarcely reached Montreal after tho defeat of
tho English ani Mohawks, when au Inxpiois party ad-
vanced to Dos 1 ' -ies river and carried oil' throo Frouch-
mon ; he at oace gave chaso, aud overtaking them at
tho Flat llapid, ou tho route to Cataracouy, killed two
men, took ftjur jirisoners, aud brougiit back tho French
to Montreal. Some tinio after he came down to Quebec
to see the Governor General, who loaded him with pro-
seuts and courtesies ; to these ho was quite seusible,
aud ou starting back to Montreal, said, with a modesty
remarkable iu au Indian, that he had not yet done enough
to show his obligations to hia Father, and tho sincerity
of his language is evinced by the fact that when several
tribes ofl'ered to uiako him their chief, he replied that

Ourcnu

:%■

IIIS'IOHY <)l'' NKW KUANCH

91B

Iio would novrr cttacli liiiiiMiIf except to tlio jhtsou uf

Oii'Mitliiii.' —"v^

^lutinwhiltt FroiitiMiac, not conti'iil with licholdiiif^' tliu inriTi'i'timi

I'liiliirr III' llin nii'iiiics' pn>jt)ctK (iK"'"'^t Now Friuict', IikIiImm 'I'l'm

winlii'il ill llllll tiMMlTVllin Will' llldl ( llcjl' lllidst, llllll IIS till) ''"'""*"•

MdIiuwLh had iiddiul pfi'liily to tlirir oM aiiiiuosity ii^'aiust
thi( I'li'iich, ho roHolvod to bcf^lii witli tiiciu. Fivo or h\\
hundred iiii'ii had orders to outor that ciuitoii, ami iic-
tiially to ik iho lii'id. I havo 1)im)I1 ui>al)lo to iiHciM'tain
who was ill coiuiaand of this oxpcditioii, hut it oortainly
did not roaoli thu oumny's territory, tlm oouditioii of tho
roads and tlio udvaueod sotisou lnvvinj^ compollod it to ro-
tiiru.' llo was c'ousol(>d by tho arrival of tliii Si(Mir d'
Iherviiie IVoui Hudson's Bay with two ships loaded with
eij^dity tliousand franes worth of bciivor-skiuH, and ovor six
thousand six hundred livros of smaller furs.'

llodid not romaiu lou'' at Quebec, but proeoodod to

, . Ncwn from

France with tlie \'u\\v of reviviii!^ the )>rojcH?t(Ml oxpcnlition Acudlu.

iij,'aiust l*oil Nelson, whicli ho knew hi;^ddy in favor at

eonrt. At tho sanio time camo in intelligence tliat tho

Ab'''iiu(piis had gained new vietorii's over tho English ;

that the Chevalier de Villebon had reached Port

Roj'il on a vessel commanded by de Bonaveuturo,

who had brought in an English prize, having on board

tlie Chevalier Nelson, and tho Siour Tyne,' appointed

Governor of Acadia. Those two prisoners wore somo limo

' II) ; !>.' Ill P.'MiiMic. Ilistoirc do
rAiii. Si'pt., iii., p. 1 tl-.').

■•' TliiTc iiri'Diily viifjiii- iiidicatioiis
118 to tills iitjiiir; a (luciiinrlit l''i'li
ir. IDlf,', N. Y. I'ol. Doc, ix., ]).. .l.'S,
iiicntinns an intended iiioveiiieni
nuainst the .MrilunvkH, mid HeliUDnl,
llistdire du Caniida, Inii^e lil, spenks
lit' a party for (liieiila, under Ueau-
<• mrt ; wliile de la I'litlieiie, id., p.
lll'.l. and the Itelaticm, Kilr.' ;i. N. Y.
('ill. l>iic., is, p. ■"i.'iT, mention an
aliiiitive expeditiou against Ouud-
dugu.

' Relation. &c., 1CI)3, N. Y. Col.
nor., ix., p., 5'J(I.

* Tine, De la I'litherlc, IliBtoirH
de r.Vni>Tii|iie, iii., pufro 14y. Tync,
Keliitiiiii, &('., N. v. Col., I)oc.,ix., p.,
ry'u. C'lil. Kihvard Tyni;. lie pur-
chased land in Portland, in !«(!*);
removed there in iiiso, and next
year rDinnianded the fort. He lonj;
wa.-i line iif the Ciiuneil ol' Maine,
am. in l(i:-iS Lt. Cnl. of Siipidahoc.
From Ciiieliee, lie waH sent to I'rancH
and died thero. Maino Hist. Coll., I.,
p. llCi, 214.

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HISTORY OP NEW FRANCE.

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1691,

.afti'i' sent to Quo])oc, wliiro Froutenac received tlicm quite
AvcU. Ho troiitoil Nelsou witli ^reat courtesy, not only
from gratitude, that geutleiuau having acted very kindly
to the French in several instances, but also because ho en-
joyed great intluence at Boston.'
Mr. do To return to Acadia. After Admiral Phibs had effected
iiiiiii' 11)111- the conquest, the Court of England seemed not anxious to
"tiim'" retain it, and Port Iloyal fell to the strongest, sometimes
to the French, sometimes to the English, sometimes aban-
doned by both alike. Tho Chevalier de Villebon had, as
Ave have seen, proceeded to' Quebec after tlio loss of the
vessel that had taken him to that \wvt. Thence he pro-
ceeded to France, laid before the Minister the ease and
importance of preventing the English from planting theia-
selves in Acadia, and undertook to effect it with the Abe-
naqnis alone, if he %yas authorized to put himself at their
head.'

He was listened to with favor ; Mr. de Pontchartrain
issued to him a royal commission to command in Acadia,
and ordercnl him to embark for Quebec in the month of
Juno of the current year 1(391, there to receive his orders
from the Count de Frontenac. His majesty at the same
time notified that General, that being informed of the at-
tachment of the Abenaquis Indians to his service, their
courage, and all that they had done against the English,
and wishing with the help of these brave men to maintain
possession of Acadia, until he should deem it expedient to
carry out the resolution he had formed of restoring Port
Iloyal, he desired that they should be furnished, in their
]ilace of al)ode, M'ith all tho munitions that they had soli-
cited through tho Sieur de Villebon, his intention being
that they should not be i)ut to the trouble of going to
Quebec for tliom ; that with this object he had enjoined
the said tSicur do Villebon to go and put himself at their

'N. Y. Col, Due, ix., p. .VJT, f)3'2. •Villebon to Pontcliiirtrnin, Oct

La Ilontnn, Yoya^iw, i., ji. 2;J2.

V2, Kiyi. N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. .JOO

Il

HISTOIIY OF NEW FRANCE.

215

1 1 ii

head as Comraandixut iu Acadia, with tho Sioui- do Povt-
ucuf, his brother, and lioiitouaut iu his company, aud
some other Canadian olficors to bo chosen by the Gover-
nor-General.

Early in July, Villebon anchored off Quebec in tho
Soleil d'Afri(]^ue, tho fastest vessel then in Europe,' but his
aft'airs were not furthered by las having boon so exjiedi-
tious. In Canada all were convinced that tho English
were preparing to return, and at such a juncture, tho
Count do Frontenac did not feel bound to deprive himself
of tho aid that ho might derive from tho Soleil d'Afri(pio ;
ho detained her till the sixth of Soptoinber, when, believing
that ho had no longer anything to fear from tho English,
he permitted the Chevalier de Villebon to depart, after
furnishing him with all that his orders roijuired.

It was not till the twenty-sixth of November that
Villebon reached Port lloyal ; as soon as ho weighed
anchor he manned his long boat, aud embarking with
fifty soldiers and two peterci'os, advanced to tho houses
where he perceived the English flag, but found no Eng-
lish to guard it. He lowered it, and ran up that of
France in its stead. The next day he collected tho settlers,
and, in their presence, made in his majesty's name a new
act of taking possession of Port lloyal and all Acadia.'

The Sieur des Gouttins, who had come with him to re-
sumo the office of Commissaire Ordonnateur, notilied
him that he had buried a sum of thirteen hundred
livres remaining in his hands when Phibs captured tho
place, and this money was found just as he had loft it.
Tho Commissaire, who alone knew of it, and might have
appropriated it had he been a less honest man, employed
a part to pay an officer what was duo him on his salary,
and put the rest in the king's treasury. Ho lost nothing

1691.

lie tiikua

llOSSOiisiOU
of P(,.t

Koyal.

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' She is said to bavo r.ado soveii iiiaqiiiil srizrd IIi-i;rman and two

leasjUL's an hour. Cli'iiirniix. otliors, wiit liy (iov. Slimi^litcr of

* N. Y. Col. Doc, is., 1). 520. Em- N. Y. Hist. MS., xxxviii., p. 2Vi,

boldened by this, tho Indians at Pe- xxsis., j). 1*9.

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216

illSntliV OV NKW l-'RANCE.

•Is ■

!!ite

Atti'iii))! of
the

Siuill St.
Louis.

691. ^'y t'li^ conduct : .accused some years afterwards of dofal-

--f cfitiou, the ronieiubrauco of this proof of his fidelity and

disiuterestcduess olitaiuod his discharge without an iuves-
tigatiou.

The Iroquois had constantly kept up their hostilities ;
two Indian women, prisoners in their hands, having escaped
si'i'nlri^ic early in November, warned the Chevalier de Callieres that
two parties, of three hundred and fifty men each, were on
the march to surprise Sault St. Louis. On this intelli-
gence the Governor sent part of the troops he had at
Montreal, to that town, distributed another portion in the
neighboring forts, and committed the defence of the city
to its inhabitants. A few days aftei', one of the two par-
ties, coming by way of Lake Ontario, appeared in sight of
the Saiilt, but did not venture out of the wockIs ; the
troops marched against these Indians, and for two days
there was some sharp skirmishing, with about equal loss
on both sides. Ihe enemy, who had counted on a surprise,
then retired.

This first party comprised Onondagas, Cayugas, and
Senecas ; the second, composed of Mohawks, Mohegans,
and Oneidas, had taken its route by Lake Champlain ;
but some having deserted, and the chiefs learning of the
retreat of the first, deemed it inexpedient to go any further.
There were, nevertheless, forty or fifty men who, detached
and in small bands^overran the French settlements, carrying
off some settler.s, who, in spite of orders, had strayed off.
Towards the end of the month, thirty-four Mohawks
near the Mountain of Chambly surprised some Indians of
Sault St. Louis, who were hunting there without any pre-
caution, killed foiar, took eight, some of whom escaped, and
hastened to notify the village of what had just happened.
Fifty braves immediately gave chase to the enemy,
and overtook them near Lake Champlain. The latter,
seeing their approach, took post behind some rocks ;

' The Marquis de Crisasi commanded. De laPotlierie, iii., p. 167.

V ill ous
iiostil ties.

i

HISTOliV OV NKW FliANCE,

but ihc Cljiistians foil upon them with such fnry, axe iu
huiul, as to force the iutreuchmeiit. Sixtceu Moluuvks
were left elead on the tiekl, tifteeu taken, aud the pris-
ouers delivered.

At the commoucemeiit of February, 1G92, de Callieres
received orders froni de Frontenac to raise a party, and
send it to the peninsula formed by the St. Lawrence and
Ottawa. The Iroquois often went there to hunt in winter,
and the Governor-General was informed that great num-
bers were actually there. De Callieres soon gathered
three hundred French and Indians, whom he placed under
the orders of d'Orvilliers, but that officer having scalded
his leg after some days' nuirch, was obliged to return to
Montreal, leaving his party under the command of de Beau-
court,' a reduced captain who is now Governor of Montreal.

Tliat olHcer, on arriving at Touiliata island, a short day's
marcli this side of Catarocouy, there met fifty Senecas,
who had advanced that far, hunting, intending to follow
our settlements and prevent the farmers planting their
crops. Ho attacked them in their cabins on a very stormy
day, killed twenty-four, captured sixteen, and delivered
an officer named La Plante, taken three years before, and
mIk), not at tirst recognized iu his Indian guise, came very
nt'.ir being killed as an Iroquois.'^

Here this expedition terminated. From the prisoners
they learned that another jiarty of a liuudred Iroquois,
also of the Seneca canton, were hunting near the Chau-
diere Falls on the Ottawa, that it was their design to en-
camp there as soon as the snow melted ; that two hundred
Onondagas, commanded by Black Kettle, one of their

' The Chevnlier Dubois Bcrtelot IVrtlierie, llistoiro de rArat'riqne
(If Bciiucourf, a valuablf officer, born Si'iitcnt, iii , p. 15(i, l(!(i-8. L*
iu llilil) ; lieuti'iiiint iu l(!i)l ; reduicd llontiiu, i., p. ',';!;), describes t'lie biiru-
raplidu and naval ensiirn in Ul'.Ml ; ing of two of the 1',' InMpiois prisou-
ibrtitied yuebec iu Ki'.Ci and 1TI2 ; ers. Hehnont, UiHtoiredii CiUiada. p.
governor ofrhret^Jivors iu 17;i3 : of ;il, savs the Seneca chief, Tatet,'ue-
Montrenl iu 1789 : active during war nouihilii. liad (iO men, of wlmni 'J l
down to 1 748. Daniel, ii., pp. 28:3,
2U0, •,>!).■>. N. Y. Col. Doc, is., [.[i. 51U,
b71, 1005, s., p. 149.

» N. Y. Col ix., Doc., p. 534. De la

were killed, and -'I taken. Six
Chippewavs liilletl, and three cliiefs
of the Mountain,

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IIlSTOnT OP NEW FRANCE.

1692. bravest cliiefs, Avore to joiu them aiul spend the wliole plca-
^— -— -' saut season tlioro, so as to stop all the I'lciich who eu-
deavorecl to go to or from Micliinimackiuac.
The, As a great convoy from all the North and West, was

biockudc daily expectcil, all felt the aU-ioluto necessity of seuiliug a
Jivxr""^lol ii°o^^ escort to meet it ; but do Calliures could not strip
Ottawufl.] ^^^ district of soldiers, requiring all his troops to protect
the people engaged in agricultural labors. Ho accordingly
notified tho Count do Frontenac of what he had just heard.
The General, ';ou\:nced that the defeat of fifty ISenecas at
Touihata had broken up the designs of the Irocpxois, or-
dered him to dispatch at once, St. Michel with forty Cana-
dian voj-ageurs to carry his orders to ^Michihimackiuac and
to give him an escort of threo well arm'.'d cauoes till ho
got beyond the Chaudiero Falls.'

The ChevaUer de Callieres obeyed; the escort conducted
the Canadians to the designated spot without meeting a
single Iroquois ; but a few days after tit. Michel perceiv-
ing trails, and two Iroquois, apparently scouts, had uo
doubt but th-iit Black Kettle was at hand with all his force,
and returned to Montreal. Ho had but just landed there,
Avhen de Frontenac, arriving from Quebec, sent him otf
again with thirty Frenchmen, and as many Indians. The
General ordered Lieutenant Tilly de St. Pierre to follow,
taking the lliviero du Lievre, which empties into the Otta-
wa, five leagues below the Chaudiere Falls, and he gave
that officer a duplicate of tho order to de Louvigny car-
ried by St. Michel.

His jDrecpution was fortunate. St. Michel arrived at the
Portage des Chats," the place where ho had turned back
on his first attempt, and again saw two scouts, and a great
number of cauoes just launching. Deeming it imprudent
to expose himself to too unequal a contest, ho, for the se-
cond time, took up his route for Montreal. Three days
after reaching there, sixty Indians from the inland, k)adud
with furs, arrived byway of Ilivicro du Lievre, announcing
that they had met de St. Pierre, beyond all danger. They

1

' N. Y. Col, Doc, is.., p. 535. » In Onslow Township. ' T6te de Boules.

.(iB

i i

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

219

ti-iultnl tleir furs, and askud uu escort to roach the spot i^Q?-
where they were agaiu to take the by-ways.

St. Micucl ollV'reil to accompany them, and his offer was Dofout of a

accepttid. A.U escort of thirty men was assigned to him,
commanded by Lieutenant do la Gomerayo who had under
him hi Fresnicro, eldest sou of the Sieur Hertcl, and ano-
ther of his brothers, both ensigns. This detachment
reached the Long Rapid on the great river (Ottawa,) where
it was necessary to make a portage ; but while one part of
tlie men was getting up the empty canoes, and the other
marching along the bank to cover them, i. volley from un-
seen hands drove off the Indians who formed the second
party, and killed or wounded several of the French.

The Iro(piois immediately issuing from their ambuscade,
rushed furiously on our surviving men, and in the confu-
sion caused by so sudden and unexpected an attack, those
who sprang to the canoes overset them, so that the enemy
had easy work with men lightiug at once against them
and against the current which was sweejiiug them away.
La Gemerayo, the two Hertels and St. Michel, neverthe-
less defended themselves wdth a valor that would have
saved them had not the Indians abandoned them ; for it
was afterwards ascertained, that Black Kettle had with
him only one hundred and forty men and about sixty wo-
men and children.

But these officers having soon lobt their best men, hf.d
no alternative but to embark and retreat with all expedi-
tion. Unfortunately, the canoe into which St. Michel and
the tv/o Hertels sprang, oapsizod, and they were all three
taken. La Gemeraye and some soldiers were so fortunate
as to escape and reach Montreal.' There news had just
arrived of the esea^jc of the Chevalier d'Eaufrom Manhat-
tan, and of the continuation of the troubles between the
Dutch and English in Ne -v York.

For some time no more was heard of the Iroqnois, and
the Count de Frontenac, who had asked the court for
troops, his own not having been recruited for several

> De la Putherie, iii., p. 15T-8. La Hontan, Voyages, i., p. 237.

FremU

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niSTOKY OF NEW FRANCE.

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1^'92.

The
IrocjiioiKul
lowed to

PursiH'd

mill srlllU!

iul\ii)it;ii;c
giiinc'l.

jfiU'H, K'ft ^[outri^iil, wlicrc all wiis ti';vii(|iiil, so as to bo in
■ Qiiobci.! ou tlio aiTival of tho ships troin Fiiuici'; but on tho
15th of July, when least c'X2)cctc;(l, Black Kottlo laado a
clash iuto the island at a place called la Chesuayo, and
carried oil' three little Indians who were fishing, and four-
teen countrymen who were making hay.

As soon as the Chevalier do Callieres heard of it, ho
sent Captain du-Plessys Faber against liiiii with a hun-
dred soldiers, followed by the Chevalier do Vaudroail attlio
head of two hundred men. The encnny, veeing himself
about to be attacked by superior forces, and that the Siour
do Villedonui'', a Froneli officer, taken at tho same time as
tho Sieur do la Plaute, had also escaped, took to tho wood.s
and tliid prcjcipitiitoly, abandoning his canoes and somo
baggage. Ho -was not inirsued, but had time to make other
canoes and reach tho Ottav/a again.

Villedoune, ou arriving at Montreal, told the Governor
that tho Iro(£uois had cached quantities of furs on tho
banks of the Long Ilapid. All the detachments Avcro
thereupon recalled, and formed into a single corps, to
which were attached one hundred and twenty Indians of
Sault St. Louis, and tho Mountain, and with this little
army, the chevalier do \ audreuil was ordered to pursue tho
enemy. Ho was so expeditioiis as to overtake tho enemy's
rear, two leagues above the Long Rapid, killing ten men,
capturing five with thirteen women, and rescuing the three
little Indians, with six of tho French. The rest escaped.'

Some daj's af':er tho Sieur do Lusiguan, reduced cap-
tain, fell iuto an ambuscade, while passing the llicheliou
islands, and was killed at tiuy first volley ■j' la Monclerie,
his lieutenant, almost single handed, sustained a continu-
al fire for tw(j hours, and thou made a masterly retreat."
This intelligence obliged do Frontenac to go uj) to Mon-

' Oi'laPothcriu, Ilistoirode I'Ami''- 11, iuchulini,' 4 oIHcith. X. Y. t'ol.

rique [Sept. iii., \>. lliO-l. siivs, uiiu^ Doc, ix., \t. .j:))!. Uclmont, ]). li.j.

wouK'U uiul live cliildn'U taken, ami ■' Niirriitivi', &c., IH'.II-'J. N. Y.

beskioH till' nine prisoiicistaki'ii at la Col. Doc. ix., p. ri-W. Di' la I'othcric,

Chesniiyc, tliive otliiT French jiriHo- Ilistoire, iii. p. Ull, says .Inly '.30.

nerswere rescued. The French lost ' De lu I'otUerie, iii., p. 101.

I

I

\

IIISTOUY OP NEW FRANCE.

221

troiil early iu August, ami ho took up tlirca liundrotl mili- '92.
ti I, wliom ho (hstributud iu tlio most oxposoil .sottlomeuts '^^
to [)rotect tlio harvcjsturs.

Iu tho city ho t'oiuul two huudroil Ottawas, v ho had
successfully mu all tho passages ; l)ut thoy had uot voa-
turctl to briug ilowu their I'lirs, do St. Pierre having ^
warned tlieiu of Ulacli Kettle's presence on the Ottawa.
Tliat ollicur even exhortcsd them, conformably to Fronto-
uao's or.ler to him, uot to start till they had certain iutol-
lij,'euce of the de[)artare of the Iroquois ; but their utter
want of muuilions aud provisions had prevented their
lou^'or delay.'

Fronteuac received theiu cordially, and proposed an ex- Fronteniic
iieditiou a'''ainst the coiaiuou eueiuy which tho domicihat- an oxpcdi-

1 T '• 1 ir 141- • 1 1 i! ''""• '^'''0

od Iroipiois aud iiiirous aud Abeuacpiis liau lor some ottawiisdo-
time desired ; but the Ottawas refused to join, either from
lack of good will, or more probably bocauso thoy thought
it wrong to make any eugagemeuts without tho consent of
their sachems." The Cleueral was consoled, when, a fow
days later, he received a letter announcing that tho ships
had arrived from Franco, but without any recruits ; for
ho noeded all his forces to maintain his posts, most of
which would havo boon loft uum luned, had he, dopondiug
on reinforcouionts from France, d 'tached part of his troops
with the Indians, as ho had proposed. As soon as t'^a
Ottawas started, ho returned to Quebec, where the Cheva-
lier d'Eau arrived almost at tho same time as ho.'

■I'lV

'Narrative, cSic, 1(5!) 1-i. N. Y.
Col. Doc, ix., p. o37. Du la I'otluTie
iii., |). 103.

'' Uo la I'othoriu, Hist, di; TAiu.
Siipl., iii.. p. lii''. (iruat I'carn worn
ibit (It Albany, liowovur, and many
(k'sortud tlu'ii' I'anus, i'roL'laniatloii
.Moll. IU, l(j',)-.',, Albany MS., sxxviii.,

p. «5, (). vn.

^ N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. .n:]. Uo
la Potherio, iii., p. 103 Tlio narra-

tivi! of d'Aux was ai)parently used
by Do la Pothurio. Aftor suoing Ilia
attendants butclierod, and being
tied to the wtako hinisflf, ho was ta-
ki'n to New York, rid there harshly
treated. He escaped, but was reta-
ken at New London, and sout to
Uoston, wlwnce he escaped, seo N.
Y. Col. Doe., ix., p. .5:J;5. His Indian
name is u;iven as Dionakaronde lb.,
iv., p. 131.

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222

UISTOIIY OF NEW FRANCE

ruiii'ird

i6i^2. Wliilo tho Iro(iU()is iilouo thus kopt tho coutro of tliu

colouy in coustiuit uUiriu, I'Licoiiti.-i aud Acadia woi'o in

Hcarooly less tlilliculty to clcit'oud thuiuscivos against tlio

'■ J Eugiish. lutolliyouco vocoivocl by Frontouac aud comiuii-

im i<:iii;iisii uicatod to tho Court, that Sir i Wiiliaiu) Piiibs, haviu'' bo-
como troveruor-Gouoral of Now Euglaud, was seriously
tliiukiug of ouco moro attouiptiug tho oom^uost of Now
Frauco, had boon coutirmod frciiu othor quartors so cir-
cumstantially, that tho Kiug aud his miuistor folt it uo-
cossary to tako positive uioasuros to ohook tho Eut;! ,i iu
tho St. Lawrouco. Propor as woro tho moasuros a loptod
they would not have proveutod tho passage of tho ououiy,
hatl they appeared.'

Tho Chevalier du Palais sailed from Frauco with a squad -

Tin' uini; i-qh which was tirst to ougago the Euglish doot, should
Knmii it attempt to force a passage, aud thou take his opportu-

N>wi<)iiii(l- uity to fall ou the posts occupied by tho Euglish ou tlie is-

iiii-scs its laud of Newfouudlaud. That officer stop[)(id for some
uiiy. time at Spaniard Bay,' detaching a vessel to tho mouth of
tho 'iver to rocounoitro, with orders to the captain, iu
case It/ saw the enemy, to returu at once aud report. After
cruising a long time in the gulf, and the mouth of tho river,
the officer thus detached, seeing nothing, sailed back to-
wards Spaniard Bay at tho time designated, but encountered
such a furious and stubborn wind, that after many fruitless
efforts to rejoin the squadron, he was compelled to go before
the wind and returu to France.

This accident entirely disconcerted the projects of the
Chevalier du Palais, who, while awaiting this ship, lost all
tho time he might have employed iu tho euterprises as-
signed to him. His mortidcation was doubtless redoubled
Avhou ho learned iu what pjril the Newfoundland colouy
had been, and what an opportunity he had lost of captur-
ing an English lleet, for apparently that squadi'ou could

' Memoir on the i)r()jccte(l attack Uelation, 100^-3. N. Y. Col. Doc.,

on Canada, N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. 543. ix., j). ."iljl. Dr. OCallaghau, N. Y.

-Do la I'otherio, Histoire <le I'ol. Doc, ix., p. .JU, iiiaked it Syd-

rAnieriiiue Sept., iii., p. 17"), and uey Harbor, Cape Breton.

•I

..\

rilSTORV OF NKVV FRANCE. 223

iiol liiivc enppd with him, since it failoil before a more shell ,(,^2.
foutaiiiiii;,' lit most lii'ty iuhabitantH, ami iu vaiu attacked a ^— y—- '
wretelicd i'ort, garrisouod by only tifty men. It happened
thus :'

WHion the fleet of French morcl'autmon which liad coiuo
to tish oH' Newfoundland, was ready to sail home, du aii,irk,,i'i,y
BroniJlan, 'die Governor of ''lauontia, was informed, on the eii,i;1U1i.
lith of Sej)tember, that an English lleet lay at anchor tivo
leagues from that i)ort in a l^ay near Cape St. Mary's. The
intelligmico was correi't, and the next day tho squadron
anchoreil in sight f roadstead, but out of range. Tlio

Governor at once . ined a company of sixty men under
tiio Baron de la Hontan, a reduced captain, wlio had re-
cently been sent to him from t^uebee. He is the same
person wlioso Memoirs we have on Canada, a work wliieli
is seen at a glance to have been dictated by the spirit of
irreligion, and by resentment at having been dismissed
from the service.'

This detachmout held a post where there was every
reason to expect tliat tho enemy would attempt a landing,
and from which he might then gain tho summit of a moun-
tain, ami silence tlu guns of the fort by his musketry,
.itill the English made no movement that day, except to
sound the harbor. On tho 17th all their boats, full of sol-
diers, ajiproached the bay, where la Hontan was posted ;
perceiving him i)efore they came witliiu musket shot, they
changed their course. They ran iu behind a little capo,
Avhere they hastily put some men ashore, who set tire to
the woods, and re-embarked with the same precipitation.
Tiuiy doubtless hoped, by tho favor of this contlagratiou,
to reconnoitre tiie situation of the fort auil other posts oc-
cupied by the French, but time was not allowed them.
During tliis interval, de Brouillan, after providing, as far
as in him lay, for tlie safety of the fort, throw up a log re-
doubt on the mountain alluded to, and on the 18th, plant-

' So.' bri.'ay, N. Y. Col. Uoc, ix.,

pp. 544, am.

'■ Soo auto, vol. iii., p. 330, i., pj

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1692

Tlipy fliim
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Tbo fittac
begins

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE

rd a fonr-j^MUi hjittorj on tlio Pointo dii Gonlct, at tlio
utlitu" sidu of tlio moiilli of tho Basin, both to roiidor the
Croiilot iuaccossililo to tlio oiiomy, aud to di-fond tho ca-
l)l('s with which ho had closed it. Morc(»V(a' tho uior-
chaiitmou had diawu up in lino to disputo tho j)assaf^o
which tho English durst not attempt.

At noon, on tho samo day, a boat was soon advanciuf^
with a white tlaj,' ; tho Oovornor sunt a S'.'rj,'oant to int-et
it, and the olDcei' in charj^o havinj^ told this man that ho
wished to speak to tho commandant, was taken to tlie fort
bUndi'olded. Mr. do BrouiUan asked him what this com-
mission was, and ho ro])lied, that ho came in tho name of
Mr. Williams, his {,'eneral, to salute him, and be^' him to
acud an oflicer on board, to whom ho miyht explain tlio
object of his voyage. Ho addod that there were on board
tho squadron, a French ship ca})taiu and several sailors,
prisoners of war, aud that an arrangement might bo made
in regard to thorn.

Tho Governor, seeing no objection to granting this re-
quest, dispatched do hi Hontan and Pasttmr, a nephew of
Mr. do Costobello, and lieutenant in his company, to tho
English geuei'al, who received them with great courtesy
and dismissed them without tolling them anything. On .
their return, tho English officer already mentioned, and
another, who had remained as hostages in tho fort, were
also sent back ; but the former, before embarking, declared
to the Governor that ho had orders to tell him that they
were sent to take possession of Placcntia in tho name of
William III., King of Great Britain, aud that General
Williams summoned him to surrender the place, aud all
possessed by the French in the Bay. To this summons Mr.
do BrouiUan replied as became him, and the officers retired.

La Hontan and Pastour had reported that the Albans,
'■' tho English admiral's ship, carried seventy-two guns, that
there were two others of a2)parently nearly tho same force,
tho Plymouth aud Galere ; a f rigato smaller, aud a store-
ship of 28 guns. The manceuvro of the preceding evening,
however, induced a belief that there were few laud troops

A

1

IIISTOIIY <)l'' NKVV FIIANCE.

on ))oar(l tliis H([nii(lron. On tlio lOtli, tlio l)OHiop;ors, who
liiid I'cckinioil on tiikiti^ ""'.>' '*"" post, found tliriM) : Kort -
8t. Louis, tilt' rmloiilit on tlio Mountain, and tlio liatlory
nt the Poiuto du Goulut. Tho sij^ht of this aoomod to as-
tonish tlioin ; for tho samo day Admiral Williams sout to
inform ^[r. do Brouillan, that whoii ho wished to mako any
proposition, he iiood only raiso a rod Hi ^.

Tho Govornor sooinj^ that WilliaiU'J 'oworod histoao bo-
cauHo ho disti'ustod tho success of his outerpriso, was tho
first to open fire. Tho English at onco re])li(>d, and for
fT)ur hours their firo was (|uito heavy. That of tho fort
was inodeiato, do IJrouillan wishing to oconoinize his am-
murtition, his Hup[)ly Ix-iitg but small; I)ut his guns were
biittor haudlod, for after six hours light, tho flagship was
K(U'n running before tlio wind and drawing out of the lino.
The Freiieli were almost down to thoir last chargeof pow-
der, and wcYkj using only tho onemy's balls, picked up iu
tho houses ; nearly every building being riddled by thoiu.
Tho niorchautmou, tho captains and crows of which
showed great alacrity, were not better supplied ; but one
hundred and twenty men whom they landed, and who
were encouraged to exertion by tho presence and words
of the ollicers, were of great assistance in tho batteries.
Towards evening tho four ships, which remained in liuo,
retired one after another ; but tho Governor, uuablo to
imagine that so strong a squadron had only two thousand
sJiots to firo, had no doubt but that they would renew the
attack the next day.

He accordingly labored diligently to repair tho broaches
made in his ramparts and batteries by tho cannon, and as
he had only five or six men hors du combat, tho work was
done iu six hours. On tho 20th a French prisoner on tho
English x\ Imiral's ship escaped, and reported to tho Gov-
ernor that the enemy seemed very irresolute as to what
they should do ; that they had not expected n find Pla-
centia so well fortified, and that the crews murmured loudly
against so ill concerted an expedition.

'225

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MISTOItV OK MOW KHANt'K.

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1602. Inflict tlioy Hoon drew ofl" mid proceeded to Imni tho

^— ^— ^ liouses oil Pnilite Verte.il leilj,'tie ficilll Folt St. TiOllis. Ah
Hooii iiH d(^ lii'niiilliiii s;i\v tlieiii tui'ii ill Unit (lirectioii, ho
suspocted tlit'iv dcHij^n, and sent a conHideraldo force to
disputo tlieir landinj,' ; but a heavy raiu Htorm which ciiino
up, retarded th(^ soldiers on tlieir march, and when they
reached Pointe Verte, all the houses, or, to speak iiioreac-
cnratoly, all the cabins wore consumed by firo. This was
tho solo fruit d(>rived by Williams from his expedition.'
On his retreat h(> was very fortunate in not encountering'
tho Chevalier du Palais, and thus tho En^'lish and French
alike miss(!d their ol)joct ; tho hittor in consivpicnco of uii-
foresoou accident, and perhaps from lack of precaution, for
what was tho f,'ood of goiiiL,' to shut himself up in Spaniard
Bay, tho former for ju'csuminj^ too much on tho weakness
of the enemy whom they were to attack.

Both parties met about the same fortune on the coast
irmir of f^f Aciidia, and for aluiost the same reason. The new Gov-
Kn>,'iiind ovnor of New England chafed at Ijoini' prevented by the

WisllLH lO 001 -J

hiive tiio iutestine dissensions which disturbed New York, from at-

t'luviilicr »^T -n m 1 1-

lU' viiic- tempting once more the conquest of New France. To deliver
oii. himself at least from all disquiet in regard to Acadia, ho re-
solved to carry ott' tho (!iievalier do Villel)on from his fort
on St. John's river," where that commandor had stationed
himself, while awaiting reinforcements from Franco, to ou-
nblo him to establish himself at Port Eoyal. Ho sent a
sliip of 18 guns, with two brigantiuea there, tho three ves-
sels carrying 400 men.

Villobou was far from having means to resist so large a
force ; yet ho would not lose his post without at least mak-
ing a show of defenco ; but ho did not roipiiro to go to
much expense for this. He sent a small detachment of

lllC (iov-

' LaHoiitan, VoynfTc, i., pi>.2t'J-0, ont fait, 14-','l Sept., 1(J93. Cannda

pivcw his nccoiint (if thiw ntt'uir, which Doc , III., iii., pp. 14()-1.jM ; Ui'latiou

C'linilfvoix niiiinly follows, llo du I'attiuiue du 5 vuiswiuix. lb.,

miilifa the Kiifflib^li loss six ; tlie 15;i-l(J0. Leitrc dc M. ilii liiouilliiu

Frciicli one wounticd. CoiiiparcJour- lli. lUO.
nal du ^louvcuient (lue les Enueuiiij ' N. Y. Col. Doc., ix., pp. 53^, 514

->,

,' I

lUSTOUV OK NEW FllANCE.

227

Froticli (111(1 Tiidiiiiiw down tin' river, in order to obtain '^"ji.

t'lirly iiitelli},'enee of tlio limdin;,' of tiie (;ncuiy wiiieii iio — ^t— -^

could not prevent. The Hnj^disli pereeiviii-,' this dotiich- uu f,,ii3_

mont, nnd Hiipixtsin^' it nmcli j^reator tliiiu it really wim,

fe'iirod to bo comptiiled toen^'.i^'o in n doubtful couto.st.iuul

retired.'

This fiiiluro f,'roiitly eliu^'rined Sir (Williiuu) Pliil)s, but

h(* soon liftd his t-onsolution. The English hiid reoisntly

returned to Penikuit, and restorod their fort, from which

th((y ;,M'eatly annoytMl the Indians of that district. Tlio

(Jliovalier do Villeiiou had reproscnited to the Count do

Frontena(! tiie neo(!Ssity of expelling them forovor from a

post which exposed us to tho danger of losing our best

allies, and which at least thwarted all their ent<'rprises

against New England. The CJeneral felt tho iniportanoo

of this project ; and thought that he had found a favorable

opportunity to ell'ect it.'

DTborviUc! had also left Franco with the design find ex- _, .

" EiitcrprUo

press orders from court to go and attack Port Nelson. He nu'uliMt

, I'cmLult.

had I'lubarked on the Envieux, a royal vessel C(jmniandud

by do Bonaveuture ; and he was to meet, at Quebec, with
tli(! Poll,' another royal vessel, on which he was to embark.
The Northern Com[)any agreed to furnish two other ves-
sels. It was his Majesty's intention that dTberville should,
after capturing Port Nelson, remain thoro to guard it, and
send back the Poll to Franco, in charge oft' his lieutenant.
But tho Euvioux siuled from hi llochello so lato, and
mot such contrary winds, that it anchored olY Quebec only
on the 18th of October. This wa?' much too late for any

' C'lmri'li, 111 Au:,'ust, puslicd on to
tlu' I'mioiiHcot. anil iniiy Imvo li'd
liis party totlii' St.. rohns. Cliuivli'.
liurmn Wars, ii., pi). Ht-.'). Mutlui'n
Mu^-miliii, irii. Vll., p. HI ; Hutch,
insoiis Miissiicliusctts, ii., p. (i'.l ; us
1 liiid no ijtlicr expi'diliou ol' tin'
kiml.

• Yorls wus ilcstroycd Ft'l). 5, llillsJ,
O.S. Iiy I'-ii'iicli and Indians. Matlmr's
Magiiulia, ii., p. OIJO-1, and Wells

attack(!d Juno 10, O. S. lb., .W3-8.
WilliamsoUH .Maine, O'iS-lU Port
Williiini Ili'iiry, at I'eraa(iuid
wan ruljuilt in Aiij^. , lOO'J. lb., p.

0:15.

■' •• A f^rrat Diitcli scpiarc sterned
nliiji " of .")i)() tons, :is ^--uns ; and a
tVij,Mti'ot';!l. tin' tiaj^sUip. ,\rl.-ion to
(ii-ii. Court ol' Mas.saclitisrtfs, Aug.
•Vi, Kilt'.'. Hutchinson, Mai-s., lllBt.
i., p. 3oS.

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1692.

Its fiillure.

IIISTOHY OF NKW FUANtiE.

expeditiou to Hudson's Bay ; lieuco it was uocessary to
tliiuk of cmployiuout elsowliovo for an avinameiit which it
would have bocu a pity to leave idle. The siege of Pem-
kuit was pi'()i)osod to d'Ibeiville and d'( Bouaveuture, wlio
joyfully accepted it. They iuiuiediately sailed for x\.cadia,
and after a coui'ereuco with the Chevalier do Villcbou, it
was resolved among them that the two royal vessels should
besiege it by sea, while the Chevalier attacked it on land
at the head of the Indians.

This arrangement adoi)ted, the Poll and Euvieux steered
to Pemkuit ; but the two commandants tiading an English
ship anchored under the guns of the fort,' and having ne-
glected the precaution of taking a coast pilot on board, or
finding none, they deemed it imprudent to '.;o into action
on a coast which they did not know. They accordingly had
to return without doing anything, wlucli greatly displeased
the Indians, who had flocked there in great numbers, in the
hoi)e of being soon delivered from a neighbor who incom-
moded them greatly."

Men were astonished, that d'Ibervillo, never suspected
of a lack of either zeal or bravery, did not make every
eli'ort to come with honor out of on oxjjedition on which
he had seemed to oiler himself so cordially, and those en-
vious of his glory seized on this atl'air ; but it is very pro-
bable that he had reckoned on surprising Pemkuit, and
had not taken prcjper measures for carrying it by storm.
It was afterwards ascertained that what saved the fort,
was the information given to the English commandant by
two soldiers, deserters, of the preparations making against
him at Quebec, and that the desertion of these two reuo-

' Maj. Cluircli Wii.-i then at I'oiiie-
qiiid ri'buildiiif,' tliu lort, iiii.l nwii-
tiiiiis a iiuin iif war as Ih re at tlio
tiiuo, althoiiKlj '"■ gi^'i'H no luiiu ■
('liiirch's Imliaii War, ii., p. 8li. 1I(!

■^ N. Y. Col. Doc, ix„ p. 5U, 552,
555. The Caiuida I )(H'iiiiu'iits con-
tain only one (locuincnt of \'illid)()U,
i'.ilicTvilli.', and di; UonaVfUtiiro in
regard lo raiisomini; 'ionii' womi.'n

niaki'8 nu allusion to thoaiiin'arancf and cliildrcii lu'ld as h<istagcs by the
of tho Fronch vcissels. English. Burks 111., vol. i., p. 311),

\

I

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HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

229

gailcs hail boeu planned by the Chevalier Nelson, still a 1692.
prisouor in that cai)ital.' ^-""v^^

Such was thou, at all points, the condition of New ;^pt„^,g„n.
Franco. The En,t^lish secnied littlo to be feared, and ''"^'^|'^"'
asked, ai)pai'eutl\', only to bo lot alone in their settlements Fnmca
and trade. The Ii'onuois, like tliose swarms of flies that
annoy more than they injure, incessantly disquieted tho
colony without intiictinj,' any great injury ; or at least they
alarineU it more for the future tlian for tho present, for it
was always a diversion on whicli the English could depend,
when their domestic troubles enabled them to unite all
their forces against us.

This situation, far different from that in which the col- ^.^^jp,^.^^
onv had been two years before, was in a great degree tho asainstMr.
result of the vigilance, activity, and hrmness ot tho Count touac.
de Frontenac. Tho lofty manner in which he had repressed
the superiority of the enemy, the olhcacious means ho had
cuiployed to render his allies more docile, and to re-estab-
lish tho honor of tho French arms, made him feared by the
one, and respected by the other. In one word his own
glory and the felicity of the peoples he governed would
hive lacked nothing, had ho combined the virtues of his
predecessor with these groat qualities.

But at the very time that men rendered him all tho jus-
tice due to his eminent talents, and his devotion of them
to give the colony lustre abroad and security within, they
found, nevertheless, much in his conduct to censure.
Many complained that through indulgence for the oihcers,
of whoso esteem and attachment he was very jealous, he
let all the burthen of the war fall on tho colonists, ruining
them by exactions of service, while the soldiers had all
liberty to work for tho profit of their captains, who de-

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' N. V. *'i)l. D(ir,, ix., \>. 511, ."),"):>, 'I'lic two ili'si'rtiTS witc Aruaud Du
55,"). I'liipiw iflmil; I'l'iuiKiiiul ii- Vigiion, mid Fnincis Albi-rt. Nt'l-
imiMiaiico of instiuction.s. Ilul<'li son's Ictcr, Aujr. ;)(), lUilJ. Hutch-
inson, Hist. Muss., ii., p (jy. Maine iu.-on. Histoid of Miissac-'.insrtis, i.,
llist. Coll, V. 11 28!i ; vi., p. '^83. p. ^08.

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230 HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

1 6^2. rived large reveuues from their gains; lionco it ensued
that the colony gained no strongtli, and trade languislied.
A still more serious and univei.;nl rumplaint arose from
the ojien favor which he continued to give to the liquor
trade, or at least his toleration on this point, as culpable
as favor even, in a Governor who had, more than any
other, the gift of inspiring obedience when he Avished.
Those who looked more closely into the disorder produced
by the wretched traffic, and whom the visible decline of
the towns of Christian converts kept in constant' alarm,
were compelled, for fear of aggravating the evil by wishing
to remetly it, to mourn in secret, and they counted it as
little, that their very lives were often in danger amid their
neophytes, infuriated by liquor. But all the world did
not feel bound to observe a similar reserve, and many
sought to bring to the throne itself, a kno^'-'ledge of a dis-
order, which the Sovereign's power alone could in future
arrest. The following is what the Abbe de Brisacier wrote
on the 17th of September, 169U, to the King's Confessor :

" It seems al)solutely necessary that his Majesty be in-
formed of the brutalities and murders recently committed
in the streets of Quebec, by Indian men and women intox-
icated with liquor, who in that state gave way to every-
thing, without shame or fear. The Intendant (]Mr. de
Champigny,) moved by these horrible excesses, and con-
strained by his instructions to write nothing here except
in concert with the Governor, states, that if he is ordered
to lay the truth before the Court, hi' will do so ; but as
the evil presses, and the fact is attested by several letters
of trustworthy persons, extracts from which will be given
you, this unrestricted sale of liquors must be again arrested,
not only to prevent oifence to God, by the continuation of
so many crimes, but also to ret:un in our alliance, the In-
dians, who leavci and abandon us at the present press-
ing crisis of the war. You only, my very reverend Fa-
ther, are in o, condition to spc u^z ; the cause of the Lord,
and the public weal of New France, are in your hands :
your neul will not be unrewarded."

1>

1

IIISTOUY UP NEW FRANCE.

231

ground.

It is evicloiit from what this letter' says, and still moro nx,?.
from what it implies, why ^Ir. ile Frouteuac had been per- — ^y—- '
stiadcd that the Imlians should be mingled aud confounded
with the French, and the reasons why the missionaries op-
posed it.

Meanwhile the desertion of the two soldiers who had .Anxipty of
caused the failure of d Iberville s Pemkuit expedition gave ana its
the Governor-General no little anxiety, especially as sev-
eral Dutch prisoners at Montreal and Quebec, had escaped
at the same time ; and all wore soon convinced that these
evasions were also the result of Nelson's plotting, and that
greater liberty than it was expedient to give a prisoner of
his importance had been allowed that gentleman. There
was, too, every reason to fear that he had transmitted to
Boston, by these same deserters, information which the
English might use to the prejudice of New France.'

What increased the Count de Frontenac's embarrassment
was the failure of all his repeated instances to obtain re-
inforcements of men and munitions from France ; and
should the Governor of Njew England decide to make an
effort to take advantage of our weakness, the whole Colony
was in great danger of succumbing. It was conseipiently
deemed necessary to employ all means to arrest the deser-
ters before they reached Boston : but all the exertions
used, were unavailing. It was even too late to think of it.
as there could be little doubt of thefr having already
reached Pemkuit, aud consequently that the evil dreaded
had been already done.

' Si'i' tho Histoire de I'Eiui dc Vie
en CauHdii, Quebec, 18 10. Li'ttre de
M. Dollier il un de ses iiuiis. Canu-
da Doc, II., vi., p. 82.

' The deserters wore caught. N.
Y. Col. Doc, ix., !>. oOl, aud execut-
ed in preseucc of Nelsou. 'I'he let-
ter to Massachusetts is dated Aug. v!ii,
1lil)2. Willianisou's Maine,!., ]>. (loT.
John Nelson was a neiihew of Sir
\Vm. Teiu|)li',und had lieeu in Ann r-
ica from about 1070. Having been

sent in lO;*! to put Col. Edward
'I'yng in coninumd of Port Uoyal, was
captured. lie was finally sent to
France and coulined at Augouleme,
and in the Has' ile. and rekvised only
after four years and a half iui[)rison-
nient, when he was allowed to go to
England on parole. He did not return
to his lamiiy till afler an ii').-ence ;f
ten oi I'lrv.ii yeiir.', N.Y t'ol. I'oc,
iv.. p, ni. n Hutch'uifou's Hisf
jMass., i., p. oo7.

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232

HISTORY OK NEW FUANCB.

i6q2

(Ircd

Irociuois,

To crown the difticnlties, tidings came in, that a corps
ot eight huudreil Iroquois had been seen witliin throe days'
Thf coionv ^'^^'"'^ north of Albany, on their way to attack us. It was
attiukwi i)y subs^'ouontly ascertained that these savages had divid(id in
two i 3arly equal bands, cue to descend by Lake Chom-
plain, the other by Lake St. Francis ; their design being to
nnite near Sault St. Louis, intrench themselves there, then,
by hollow negotiations, allure a" many inhabitants of that
Indian town as possible, and butcher all who fell into
their hands.

It was at first thought that there was no better plan
than to advance to meet these two army corps ; but this
required more troops than it was possible to seud against
them ; for it would not have been prudent to strip the
country of all its forces in the actual uncertainty whether,
while they were marching upon the enemy by the two
routes they were said to have taken, the Irocjuois might
not turn oil" and fall upon quarters where they were not
expected. It was accordingly deemed more expedient to
hold themselves on their guard at all points.

On their side the Indians of the Sault promised to meet
by stratagem the snare intended to be laid for them, and
to enable them to sustain a sudden assault, in case of need,
a reinforcement of soldiers and munitions was sent to the
Marquis de Crisasy, who commanded in their town.
Foris Chambly and Sorel were also placed in a state to
defy insult ; the settlers were again forbidden to go too far
from their hoiises, and all officers ordered to remain at
their posts. These precai^tions, due mainly to the wisdom
and vigilance of the Governor of Montreal, were crowned
with merited success.

The part;^ , which came by way of Lake St. Francis, ap-
peared in sight of Sault St. Louis ; but as they learned
that the French expected them, and were so strong as to
entertain no fears, tliey contented themselves with firing
several volleys, more like a bravado than a serious attack.
They were answered in the same style, and that very eveur

Precaution

taken by

Mr. i!q

CiUlieres.

I*j V

It

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE,

ing ihoy retreated. The otaer party caine mp subsequent-
ly, and acted iu the same way, but tlireo hundred of them
remained on an ishiud in Lake Champhxin, to see whether
our men would not grow weary of being under arms at
Sault St. Louis, so that they might profit by some lucky
chance. At last, learning that wo M'ere constantly well on
oiu' guard, they got tired of waiting, and took up their
route for their own country.'

Then the Count do Fronton ac resolved to do the Mo-
hawks all the evil that they had intended to do us : for it
was this canton that had mainly made up the last party.
Moreover, their pretended relations with the Indians of
Sault St. Louis always disturbed the General, much moro
indeed than they should have done. He accordingly dis-
patched to the Chevalier de Callieres, two hundred Cana-
dians, some Hurous from Lorette, Abenaquis from the
Falls of the Chaudiere, Algonquins and Sokokis from the
neighborhood of Three Ilivors, with orders to add a hun-
dred moro Canadians from his own district, a hundred
soldiers and Iroquois from the Sault, ami the Mouutaiu ;
to form them all into an amy cor[)s, and to send it forth-
with against the Mohawks."

These orders were executed with extreme diligence ; the
force was composed of six hundred men." De Callieres
assigned the command to Lieutenants do Mantet, de
Courtemanclio and de la Noue,^ and on the 2oth of Janu-

' Tliis yenr 1093, eveu amid the
war, witui'ssi'd llio ustabliahmont nt
Montreal of a Ufucral Hospital l)y
Francis t'haron of Blois, who formi'd
a ccjmmuuity of Hospital Urothcrs,
Thi'y obtained IjetttTS Pali'Ut iu
lUsJl and 1718. Edits ot Ordonnaii-
CL'S, I., p. 377, iiSd. Charon went to
France in 1710, to ^'et ausiliarii's,
and died on his voyage hack, Boon
aftet leiiviu}; Hochelle. This led to
the S[ieeily extineliou of tlic work.
Juchereau, IIist<iire de I'lhitel I'iiu,
p.ii5C. His earliest and most iaitlitul
associate was Peter Le Ber, brother

233

1692.

Tlie Iro-
c|ii(iii> re-
tire witli-

Ollt (lllill^

auytUiiiK-

Irruption
iiit'> thu
Moliawk
Ciuitun.

of the Recluse, and the first Ca-
nadian painter. Faillon, Vie de Mllo,
le Bel', p. o'J!). Vie de -Mme. d'You-
ville, p. 3:!. &c., ante, p. 3(17.

'■' Narrative of Military Operations
](il)3-;j. N. Y, Col. Doc., ix., p. .m
Uehitiou, l(iit3-;!. Ill, p. r),'j7.

' De la Pothcrie says, more than
liOO, with thirty officers ; the Narra-
tive of Military O|)erations says 530.

' I)c Miinteht led the van svith tlio
forces I'rom Three liivers ; de Cour-
temaiiclii' followed with those of
Quebi'C. llelaiion, &c., 101)3-3. N.
Y. Col. Uoc, ix., p. 557.

1693.

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1693.

Success of

till.' expu-

dltiou.

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

ary, all ombarkod at Moiitroal." Notliiug had boon no-
glecterl to ousiiro the success of this expedition, and so
completely had tliey reckoned on the entire destruction of
the Mohawk oantou, that they had recommendeil to the
commandants to give quarter to no man able to bear arms,
to put them all to the point of the sword, without retaining
any as prisoners, and to bring away the women and chil-
dr*en to people the two Christian towns of their nation.

But more than one experiment should have taught our
generals, that these projects were not as easily executed
as they imagined. On the IGth of February, the army ar-
rived in the Mohawk canton undiscovered. This canton
seems then to have boon composed of only three towns,
each having a fort. La None' attacked the first, and cap-
tured it without much resistance ; he burned the palisades,
cabins, and all the provisions. Man tot and Courtemaucho
had as easy a time with the second, which was only a
quarter of a league from the first, and as several prisoners
were taken in each town, Oourlemanche was appointed to
guard thorn.'

The third, and larger town,* cost them more. La None
and Mantet arrived there on the night of the 18th, and
found them chanting the war song. There wore forty-
eight Mohawks, who, unconscious of what was going on in
their neighborhood, were preparing to join a party of fifty
Oneidas, and then reinforce a body of two huudved
English, who were i)reparing to make an irruption into the
colony. The French attacked them without hesitation,
and the Mohawks, although surprised, defended themselves
with great valor ; twenty, with some women, were killed at
the first onset, and two Imudred and fifty prisoners taken. ■

' They moved that way from La
Frairio. lb., 558. Do hv P., iii., p. 170.

' La Nouc, liuut. ru l(ii)i. N. Y. Col.
Uoc.ix. p. r,:i\), died niil. 11). X., lO-W.

'' De la I'otherie, llistoire iii., p.
17L Relation, &o., WJi-'-i. N. Y.
Col. Doc, ix., p. oSi. Narrative of
Military Occur. lb., pp. 550-1.

'- Tiououdag:i (X. Y. Col. Doc, iv.
p. 10, Beyard and Lodowick, p. 20,)

or Teonontiogen, (see ante vol. ii.,
p. 1 10, u.) near Fort Hunter.

' lb., p. 558 ; the Narrative, &c.
pp. 550-1, makes only 80 (ighiinjj
men in the three town-", of whom
the French killed 18 or ^), ana took
the rest. i)e la I'otlierie does not
btato losri, but says 30 French In
Jiaus fell in the assault, or died of
intoxication. Hist do I'A, S,, iii. ITl.

I!

HISTORY OF NEW FliANCK.

2B5

1693.

their word. They wero the movo iucxcusablo, as thoy hail "■'"tiu'i'r ""^
been warned that thoy would bo purrtuod ou tlieir roturu. Iw""'^^'''''!

AS stated ah'eady, the Govenior of ^loutreal, had, above
all, uri;ed them to j^'ive (|aartei' only t(j the women and
children, and this tho Indians i)roniised, but did not keep our men

lUiir

march.
To this first fault, they added another, which was eoinpoU-
ing tho French to intrench, after two days' march, to
await the ouomy who had immediately pursued thorn.

The Iroquois of Sault St. Louis especially wore respon-
sible for this straugt! proceedin<;; ; but they had ahnost all
come from the Mohawk canton; a lingering love of coun-
try, the hopes some gave out of their settling among them
and the impossibility of their subsisting in their own can-
ton just ravaged, wero motives capable of inspiring them
with some compassion for persons who Avere so closely
connected with them. It would, one would think, have
been prudent to foresee this, and dispense with them in an
expedition against tlieir ow 1 brethren. Bo that as it may,
they wore soon punished for their indocility.

The army, although it had scarcely provisions enough to
reach Montreal, waited two days for the enemy : he ap-
peared at last, and also intrenched. It was the same pai-ty
that had assembled at Onoida and had not had patience
to wait for tho English. Our men charged them three
times with great resolution. They made a vigorous de-
fence, and their intrenchmeut was forced only at the third
attack. Wo had eight Fnueh and eight Indians killed,
and twelve wounded, including do la Nouo. Tho loss of
the Oneidas was scarcely greater ; the rest escaped ; but
they soon ralliid, and for three days continued to follow
the army, though without venturing to approach, as long
as thoy marched together.'

' Narralivo nf Military Occur- ed by Maj. Peter Schuyler, and coil'

rencet*, N. V. ('o\. Doc, ix., |i. 'I'y'.
Kelation, &c., mii--',. lb., p. r,r,'.)-
yiiO, saysHevim French kilji'd and ['t
wounded. De la I'oihrri'', iii., p.
173, says, eight killed, l") wounded.
TUi; party pursuing svas eonuiiiuid-

sisteil of '^'.j whites, and i'M) Inilians.
Tlii'V canio up to the French, Feb.-
17, Vm, (.). S. Major Peter Schuy-
ler's Report to Fletcher. N. Y. Col.
Doc, iv., ]). 17-18. I?eyard and
Lodowick, Journal of tho late Ac-

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p:Mf,'ii.sii

expi'iliiiDii
as^.iiiisl
C'aiiiulii.

inSTOHY OF NEW FRANCE.

At last, tlio bail ro.uls ami tho want of provisions liaviiig
coniiiolled thuni to disband, a Icrj^'o nuuibor of prisouom
oscapod, and only sixty-four wore brought into Montreal.
It was on tho 17tli of Marcli, that tho fragments of this
victorious army roachod Montreal, to announce, on tho
statement of some of their prisoners, that the English
were to descend on Montreal in tho Spring, to tho number
of throe thousand, while a deet of the same nation, also
carrying three thousand soldiers, was to lay siege to (Quebec.

This was the third time within two years, that these
throats had been made ; but to all appearance, this one
might be carried out. D'Iborvillo had announced tho
same thing from xVcadia ; he added that the two soldiers,
who had deserted from Quebec the year before, and who
had been dis});itched by the Governor of Now England to
assassinate the Baron do St. Castin, had just boon taken,
and that it was known from their depositions that tho Che-
valier Nelson had sent to General Phibs a detailed ac-
count of the actual condition of the Capital.'

This intelligence led do Frontonac to believe that ho
ought not to lose a moment iu fortifying that place,'' as
well as repairing forts Cliambly and Sorel. Ho even sent
orders to Montreal, to throw up some intrenchments there.'

Ticns of tlic Frencli at f'linndii, pp.
lo-'^T. Ill- ailinits tliu tliri'c lUtiickH
ol' llie Fivncli. but not the sutrrss
of the la.-it. Ill' gives liis own los«,
four whites, four Inclinns killed ; 1-1
wounded ; and makes tlie Frcnoli
loss at least, ~7 killed, 3li wounded.
He reju-eseuts the Mohawks as not
pursiiini; vijiorously, fenriuj,' that
the French would kill the prisoniTs.
Ou the first intelligence, Fletcher
uasteuodupto Albany with troops.
N. Y Col. Doc. iv., p. 14; Ueyard
and Lodowick, pp. 7-8. Coldeu's
Hist. Five Xatioii.'', 2nd Kdition, pp.
]4i;_7. follows f<clniylrr's re]iort, Init
censures him for not demanding the
surrender of the French. Smith iu
Ids History of New York, pp. Hl-i,

professes to follow Colden and Char"
levoix. Fletcher, N. Y. Col. Uoc,
iv., p. -tl, makes the total French
loss on the expedition 80, and 33
wounded.

' De la Potherie, Histoire do
rAnii'riqui! Sept., iii., p. 17.5. N. Y.
Col. Doc, Ix., p. ')'yi.

'^Tlie Chevalier de Heaucour, re.
duced captain ano naval ensign, waa
tlie engineer at Quebec. De la I'otli-
erie, [). H.'i-O. Relation, lG9'3-3. N.
Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. r,m. Ante, p. '^n.

■' A fort with four bastions, and a
ditch, was thrown up ou a hill com
mandingtlie town. lb., p. 178. Thii
Chovali'T 'tit. J"an commanded ut
Soi^i, und Desbergeres at Chauibly
lb. p. 173

-UC

li

:i /

insroiU Ol-' NEW I'iiANOK.

237

93-

On Ills Hido, do Callii'ves put sovoml parties in tho fioltl, ^^^
to oud(!avor to tako priHoii(3rs, so as to acquire bottor iu-
formatiou of tho dosij^ns of tlio Eii<,'lisli. La Plaque, who
commaudod quo of thoso parties, l)roaf^lit to him a Prouch-
man, takoii at soa four years bi'foro, who coutirniod all that
the Mohawks and d'Ibc.rville had said. Ho added, that
the various governors of the English places, which are be-
tween Boston and Vir<,'iiiia, had assembled in the month
of March of this year, to decid(! how many men each
should faruish, and tha they were actually raising soldiers
at Albany ; that Boston was designated as the general
rendezvous on the twentieth of April, that tho force was to
be ten thousand men, six thousand of whom wore to bo
lauded by the fleet.'

Another point gave the Couni; do Frontonac still more pronto-
anxiety. There wore great stores of furs at Michillimacki- °'t'„rrivs?-'
nac, and the Indians did not venture to bring them down '"'^"'■
to Montreal without an escort, which ho was not in a posi-
tion to send thoui. It was, nevei;tholess, highly important
to obtain these peltries, and still more so, to communicate
to tho Hieur de Louvigny tho intelligence just received,
and instruct him how to act. in tho delicate emergency.

At last the general proposed to tho Sieur d'Argenteuil,
a reduced lieutenant, and brother of Mantet, to go up to
MichiUimackinac. Tliat olUcer cheerfully accepted the
dangerous duty, but it was only by groat promises that
Fronteuac could induce eighteen Canadians to accompany
him. Mr. de la Valtrio' had orders to escort them boyond
all tho dangerous points, witli twenty Frenchmen and
some Christian Iroquois, and it was found necessary to
pay both a round sum daily. The instructions sent to de

I !)(■ la Pothi'i-io. Hist, de lAiut'ir ' Daniel, (ii., p. '^70,) supposes this

qu(! hi'pt., iii., p. IT!). offlcer tti have been tho one v, 'lo was

- IVtcr .I'AiUulioiist. Sieur d'Ar- lieuteiuuit in the Hegiinent Carignan

geuteuil, fourth son of irAIIleboiist Siilieros, and l)ecame japtain in

de MusHeaus, lieuteniiut in Ki'.tl ; UiST, Imt as In* was a Cai.adiun, and

captain in ITld ; IHuii<'l, i., '^'.2 ; ii., nierely an enaign, (New i'ork Col-

p. ',>M:i ; sei".ca nt MiiliiUinuickinac. onial Documents, ix., p. oii'i.) ho

N. V. Col. Doe., ix , p. oUD-liDO ; died was probably a son of the FrencU

of apoplexy, in i; II. lb , |' n.Vj ollicer.

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238

IIISTOKY OF NEW FRANCE.

1693. Louvigny, (lii'L'ctod liim to ictiiiu witliin liis i-oimuiiml o.Ay

«— v-~-' Fit'uch fuongh to guard tlin posts, and to soud all tho rost

down with tlio convoy. D'Argoutcuil luivdo tho trip sufo-

Prnposi- ly ' '"'^ '^^ ''^ V;ilti'ir, on liis way buck, wiis attiickcd lUNir

pim'i'Vroiii Montrcul Isliuul, liy an Inxiuois party, wlio cU'lVatcul iiini,

""cUl'c'i."' ' J^ill'i'n lii"i> "■"'I three other Frenchmen ; an Iroquois of

tlio Mountain was tiikon, all tho rest escaped.'

Amid those hostilities, appoai'ed some gleams of peace
On till' Kitli of Jvno, Tareha, an Oneida chief, arrived at
Montreal, with St. Amour, a rcisidont of that town, who
had boon four years a prisoner among tiio Iroquois. Ho
proposed to tho Chevalier de Callio'cs, to exchange this
man for a nephew of his, and prescnbid him a letter from
Father Milet, who had been all this time a prisom r at
Oneida. This religious stated, that Tarolia was very well
disposed, and that credit could be given to all he said.

Tho Chevalier de Calliercs at once dispatched him to
Quebec, where tlie Governor General cheerfully consented
to exchange his uophev 'jr St. Amour. Emboldened l)y
this welcome, Tareha v . jsented to the Count do Frontcnac
belts on behalf of the chief cabins or families of Oneida,
and especially of his own, in which he said Father Milet
had been adopted. Lastly, to convince the General com-
pletely of tho upriglituess of his conduct, he warned him
to bo on his guard, especially at harvest time.

He nevertheless assured him that tho cantons were not
far from peace, that tlio families' which deputed him, had
long, earnestly desired it ; that they had deferred asking
peace only from fear of appearing before their justly in-
censed Father ; that ho had at last risked his own safet}'
for the gener.d good, lio[)ing that his frankness would be

' Niirrativi' ni' Militiiry 0]it'ra- S'l, Ommaii was t;ikfn, 'Phi' place

tioiis, l()i)'^-:i. N. Y. (All. Doc, ix,, was below the Uriile Uapiil. A

;.. 5.-);). Eii>i^'n la Valirii' was Diitcli prisoner's statement, (Beyanl

killed encli'avoriiiic to land. I'e la and liodowick, .lour, of the late Ae-

PuUierie, ili., ]i. 1T(I. lii'lulimi, tion, |).;>lMnakes the French hiss 107.
lUi)-'-;>. N. V. Col. Doc. ix., |i. .Vli. - delation de la giiei >, 1(J1)3-:J.

IX' l<elni()nt frives t.'ie dale as May N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p. S.jS.
28, l(i!J3. llistoire dii Canada, p. ■' SiiO uiite ii. p 140, n.

1

,t

IIISTOnr OF NKW FUANCK

ii39

Ills Hafcf^nard, and that ho saw ovKii'iitiy tliil ho w.is not i^i,,}.

niistuk(^n ; and tliat if he was ho I'ortiiiiato us to rcc,)i'cilu — ^— '

his nation witli th(( Fri'iich, his inlcnlioii win to como and

snonil Iho rust of his days witli his bivtiiron at S;uilt St. ''''','' «■","'■■
' . "^ iiU reply.,

Louis.

Tho f,'onoral was too familiar with pioti'stations of tho
kind, to bt) d("''>ivjd ; and tlio tiistimony of a missionary
who was not at Hlxu'ty, did not soisin to hima sulUc-iont
])roof of tlio sincerity of this one. Yet, h)th to dispel all
Taroha's hope, he re(>li('d tiiat althoni^'h the horrible per-
fidy of tiie Ononda.^as in re^'ard to tho Chevalier d'Eau
and tho other FriMiehmtai, who had f^onc; amon<j; them
nnder the sai'ej^nard of tho hiw of uati(jns, and to restoro
tiiinn IrcKjnois, just returned from France ; and the un-
licard of cruelties, daily wreaked in all tho cantons, on
tho FriMich ])risoners, justified his retaliating' on him, still
ho would liiiukon to a last speck of alVoclioii f(jr his chil-
droii, who no longer deserved tho nanio ; that Tarcha had,
therefore, nothing to fear either for his life, or, cwn for
his liberty ; but that if all the cantons sincorc^ly desired to
outer into negotiations w''h him, they should hasten to
send him deputies ; that ho cousontod to wait iu patience
till the end of September ; but that term passed, he would
hearken only to his just indignation. Tareha promised to
.••eturn at that time, come what would, and very joyfully
started for Oneida.'

A few days after tho Count de Froutenac reeoived
a letter from Father Binneteau,^ a nussionary to tho Abo-
naqnis, announcing that tho English fleet hail sailed from
Boston, and the )iext day, 8t. Miclu-l, captured tho year
bctore on the way to Michillimaekiuae, arrived at Quo-

III

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' N. T. C. D. ]>. r,m. De la Potlic- LawToncf iu l(!i) 1. IIo snccci'di'-.d

ric, iii., IT'J-lSi. Milct to Dtllius, (ii:iviir in tlit^ lllinniH missiDii, aud

July :!l, 1(1*!. N V. Col. Doc, iv, p. diid tlicrc Dec. ■J.">, H'W. ImuIkt

•li), I{c]iiii'l IVoMi Oui'vdii. II). p, 77. Miirliu, iu CnriiyouH Pcjc. lucdits

•'.ruliiiu Uiui'tciui ciiim' I'roin xiv., p. 117, Ut'l. di' lii Miss, ihi Mi-

Kniiicc ill Ki'.tl, was in lliiiiu'. us cissijii, pi>. I'J. ^'J, 01; Iti'lutioii lOtfO^

liorc siuiL'd, iu IG'JJ ; ou the St. &c., p. 51.

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mSTOUV ()!'• NFAV FUANCK,

Itci'.' TI<« liiid cscaiicd from ]irisoM, iiftcr Ictiniiii^' lli.'it Iio
wiiHCoiiilciaiu.'d to tlio stiikt), mill lio ruixtrttHl tliat tlm Eii^^-
li^sli Inul Wiiilt ii fort with uiglit biislious, in tho cliitif tuwu
Jit OiiDiitlii^'ii ; tliiit tliis fort liiul tliroo rows of imlisiulort
nroiiud it, mid Hint it wius tlio iutciition of tiui IndimiH,
that all wiio wcro not altlo to boar aruin lu thoir oau-
tou, Hhould taiii) rofii^o withiu thu8u pulisiuloH, uiidur tho
caunon«^of tho fort, iu case tho Frouoh Hhoukl bo toiui)tod
to ropoat thoro, tiii>ir operations in tiio Mohawk canton.
lIo added that oi;^'iit iuindrod Iroquois wero on tiio point
of takiufj; tlio Held to piovout our farmers from gotting iu
thoir crops ; that Tarchii, who had ahoady aunouncod tJKS,
might havo s[)okon siiu-eroiy ouough on all other points ;
but that tlu) Iroipiois nation in geuoral, had assuredly uevor
boon less iuclincil to make poaco than tlioy wcro at that
time, although sovoral Ouoida I'amilios soomod really very
weary ci tho war.
filfiit iniii- At the very time that St. Michel was making this reijort.
(lUdls lip- tho eight luindreil Inxpiois were already at tho Cascades,
Muiitiuiii. at the extremity .of Lako St. Louis. Tho Govoruor-Goiio-
ral, ou the intelligence which ho receiveil ou tho '21st of
July, dispatclieil the Chevalier do Vaudreuil iu haste with
Hvo companies of tho King's trooi)H, and one huuilred and
fifty recruits who had just urrived from Franco. Ou his
part, tlie Chevalier do Callieres had assembled a force of
seven or eight hundred men, and marched in pei-son at their
Itead as far as the Cascades, but neither ho nor do Vau-
dreuil found tho enemy any longer there ; reports brought
in, iu ijuick successiou, haviug induced them to decamp.'

The chiefs of this i)arty were first informed of tho arri-
val of throo ships from Franco with troops; uext they

• Ii

' III! -Aas captured witu Ensigns rois, wlio was tortuivd, but Buvcd

la FroHnic-t' and Ilcrtel, and taken fioni the staki' by ScliuyltT. He re-

to Onondaga. Ante p. ','!!). He was portiil the Fnncli licit as of tw.'lvu

madi' a ruc'uocd lii'Uleuant iu Ki'Jl. tliips, bringing 500 recruits, amiuu-

Daniel, ii., i>. 2s;j. nitinn, caiinim, and provisions,

'' Among those taken at tliis time Fletcher to I'hipps, ;J1 Aufr. 109*1

was C'reviur, Seigneur of St. Frun- N. Y. Col, Doc, iv., p. 67.

IIISTolty (tK NI'AV niAN'CK.

211

learned that the Oovcnior of ■Slotiticil wns iimkiuf,' larval '^'VJ-
|ii'i!|)Hruti()UH to coiiin mill iittiiciv tlirm, mxl tiu'v alruiuly ■"■""'"""
know, or Hooii liMiriKMl, tliat tlio iCii;;lisli no lotij^'ta' tlioii^lit
of l)(JHi<'''iiii' (|)iicl)L'(!. tlt'iuJi), tliov worn iifniiil of liiiviii'' to 'I'l"')' '<•-
eiicoiiiilur till) \vliol() powci' of lli(» FriMU-li, ami .-<aw that if "lU ii.iimr
thoy dill not wish thoir rotrnat ciitotl', tiioy must not clofor
it iin instant. In fact at t^iiobDi;, thuy no lon^nr iult nuy
ilrrad of tho l"'n)^lish, and llio ci^dd liuadrcd Ironiiois w(;ro
uut then onouj,di to alarm thi; colop;;

Till) int()lliij;(»neo rocoivod of tho powt'iful annunnnt |)ri>- wimt he

i1 I II i* I 1 rilliH- of

l)ann.%' at IJoston, was, msvortholuss, very W(!ll loiindt'd ; w,,- tiiut
l)\it thi* rumor tiiat tlicsn prcjjaralions wci'o iMtcndrd I'or ,„,. i
New Franco, had hv.cn sprcail by tins Kn^lisli only to hold
that colony in (diuok, dojjrivo the Count do Froutonac of
any idea of atttsmptin},' to disturb them at home, and con-
ceal mort; elliictually their real desiyn.' Tho three shijis
which had just arrived at Quebec, had, on their way, fallen
in with a small vessel dispatched to France by tho
Count do Blouac, Govoruor-Gouoral of the French West
Indies, which informed them that Marliniipxe had l)(;en
attacked by fifty vessels, some from Old, and some from
IS'ew England." Nor did the thiee lhou.-.aiul men who
were to make an irruption in tlu! diiection of Montreal,
make their appearaueo. Thus, tiie harvest was <;i*li('Vtd
with great trancpiillity, the crop was ;d)midant, and tne fa-
mine, which had begun to l)o felt ki;enly, ceased at once.

To complete their hapi)iness, the fourth of August bo- Arrival of
held the arrival at Montreal of two hundred canoes loaded cuii^ny „f
with peltries, under the direction of tho Sieur d'Argen- jioutreai.
teuil. This great convoy brought eighty thousand francs
worth of beaver, and the piincipal chiefs of the Nations of

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' Uuliition, &.C., ID'.yi-ii. N. Y. tiircivl by Nuw EnglauJ, conqiiur

Col. Ddc, ix. PI). "ifJIJ-S ; Do lii I'o- Aciidiu imd ('iiiiiulii. Ul.iythwuit to

thc'-ii', ii.. i)|i. li'J-lSt, iMiiihcr, Fi-M. 'iO, til'j;!. in llutchin-

' Tliis fli'ft. under Sir Fnincis hou's Hist. .Mass., ii., p. TO. n. tii.'U

\Vlii'cliT, \vii5< 111 reduce MiiriiMii|ue N. V. (.'ill. !>(!(■., iv., p. oU, 05. As lo

cluijug llio wiiJtor, and tliuu, ruin.- its luie, see posl p. "JW.

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2 12

HISTORY OP NEW FRANCE.

np.

t*

m

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IN t "■

1,1 '<:

1693. the North and West, camo in person. As soon as do
^— "> — — Frontonac hoard of it, ho procoodod to ^NEontreal, whero lie
arrived escorted by thos(^ V(>ry chiefs, wlio had f^ono to
Threo liivers to meet him. 'i'lie next day, ho lield a great
Conucil, at which all i)assed to the general satisfaction.
Tho Huron orator s^joko at length, making a long recital
of all tlio ex])oditions sent out by his nation against tho
Iroquois. Tho others merely said that they had como to
hear iheir Father's voice, to receive his orders, and beg
him to givo tliom tho goods they needed at a mo(h)rato
price.'
Do Fionto- No one camo to rei)r(>sent tho Miamis. and the Govcr-
\n)U iiio nor-Gen(!ral was oven informed, that they had rcooivod
from trad- presoiits from the English, througii tho Mohogans, (Alahiu-
KiigUsii. gans,) and that they had permitted them to come and trade
in St. Joseph's lliver. It was dangerous in its conse-
quences to sulVir this door to bo opened to English trade.
Accordingly, the Count do Froutenac adopted all tho m(>a-
surcs that his extended exporionce could suggest in order
to baflle this negotiation.

Nor did he spare any ett'ort to rivet this attachment of
the various nations, whoso deputies were at Montreal.
This was his great talent. All the Indians set out, eharmod
with his manners, and loaded with ])resents. He had
them closely followed by a considerable nund)er of Fren<'h
under tho Chevalier do Tonti, still commandant in the Il-
linois, and whom private afl'aiis had compelled to como
down to Quehiic. Do Courtemauche" and do Mantet also
went, as did Nicholas Perrot, whom tho General instructed
to prevcmt the Miamis, either by persuasion or force,
from trading with the English ; d'Argenteuil, who was
appointed delouvigny's lieutenant, and Mr. le Hueur, who
was sent to form an establishment at Ciiagouamigon, and
renew the alliance with the Chi])])eways and Hioux."

These arrangements made, Frontenac was preparing to

1 Ueliition, 1(1!)3-;!. N. Y. I'ol. ' Anti', p. 19',>. Onnicl, NosOIoine,
Doc. ix. p. 5il0-r)0',). Do la Potlierie, i., p. t(l:i.
iii., p. lT'J-180. ^ N. Y. Col. Doc. ix. p. SOS).

V;

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IlISTOUY OK MOW FliANrK.

243

loavo Montreal, wlieu an (jxprcss from tlio Sieur Provot, i^")3
Kii\;,''s lioutouaut at tjuebcc, bronj^'lit him iutciUigeiico from ^■''^''
Hudson's Bay, ami Acadia, annoimcinf^ that Fort St. Anno tiw f.h:^
at tho hoad of Hudson's Bay, had boon takon i\y the En- ']?„',., iit'
^'lisli, oarly in July. Tiu'co ships of tiiat nation had win- j\'',|i^';,„''^
torod so\ euty k'agnos from that fort, which thoy approached ^"y-
us soon as navigation oi)onod.'

Thoy rcelvoned on tinding a weak g.irrison, but coukl
uovor liave imagined that it C(jntained oidy four men, ono
of them in irons. This wretch, in a })aroxysm of frenzy, had
killed tho surgeon of tho fort : rt'covering his sanity, and
niueh troubled at what ho had done, he feared that tho Jo-
suit, Father Dalmas, who had been tho solo witness,
would disclose it, and fear of being imnislied for an invol-
untary crime, led him to commit ono which rendered him
guilty indeed. Ho killed tho missionary, and wouhl liavo
carried his fury further, had they uot socui-od him by put-
ting him in chains.'

The English landed forty men to atta'ck tho fort. Tho cM-.mi
three Fieuclunen at first killed two, and drove tho rest olV, 'ii,',Vo
but th(! latter, learning from somo Indians tho condition
of th'3 i)lace, and tho number of those defending it, were
ashamed to have recoiled before thi'oo men ; still thoy did
them tho honor of sending a hundred against them. Our
bravo fellows saw how useless their ell'orts would bo
against so large a force , but they would not surrender.
They loft their prisoner in the fort wivh forty or lifly tiiou-
sands of i)eltries, embarki'd nnperceived, in a canoe, and
were so fortunate as to ri-ach (.^neljcc, where they found
de Fro'iLeuac deeply chagrined that the tardiness of tiio
vessels from France, had again entiuled tho failure of tho
projected expedition against Fort Nelson.'

1 N. Y. Col. Doc.ix., 1). 570. ^ VIiucsi, l.ctlns Kililiiuit.'s ft

-' Uuill.iiv. lb. I.. 551. Curii'iisrs, vol. x., (1 rf.'.ri'niv.'ls of

•' FiitluT Antliony Oaliiuis cuiin" Lciirni'd Mi^^sioluu•il s, (tTt I,) p. 'J.!!!.

(Voin iMancc in KiTO. S.'iit to .Moii- !).■ lii t'otlirnr, iii., p. ISj : N. V. Col.

iii'Miiiisiu liHi'J. PciuMratrdIo lliul Poi'.. ix., ]i,i. ."ir)!, .")lii, ."irO.

.,o',Vs I'.av l.y SiiKUcmiy. Killv.l ' Marr.M sivs tliiil nl' liv.' \vl,<, r^.fc

March li," lUU;i. ""' - 1'"™ '''•■'^' "'" ^^"' " ">'•

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244

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1693.

The Eng-
lish com-
pelled to
retire in
disorder
from
befiire
Martinique

HISTORY OF NEW KHANCE.

The news from Aciulia was more coi>- iliug. It notifiod
the geueral, that lifteeu men of war of tlie fleet that hatl
attacked Martiuique, had arrived at Boston ; that they
seemed iu very bad trim ; having sufi'ered terribly from
the pLigue, and that they wore subjected to quarantine ;
that the Englisli had, according to the rumors, lost sis.
, thousand men iu this unlucky expedition, besides a great
number of deserters, and that two of their largest ships
had been sunk by the guns of Count do Blenac who ac-
quired great glory indeed, on this occasion.'

The Chevalier do Villebou, who sent this information to
the Count do Frouteuac, added, that General Pkibs had
said that if his fleet had not come back so shattered, he
would .yet have had time to take Quebec ; and that after
the crews were rested a little, he would send several vessels
to cruise ofl' the mouth of the Saint Lawrence ; the two
Frenchmen wh.o escaped from Boston prisons, had as-
sured him that the same general was preparing to como
and attack hiiu in his fort of St. John's river, at the head
of eight inxndred men ; but that he did not fear him. It
was, however, fortunate that this news proved false, or that
Phibs had changed his mind, for he was iu no position to
make a defence."

Towards the cud of September, Tareha returned to Que-
bec, agreeably to the j)romise he had given, and he brought
an Oneida woman, impelled to make the journey, from
the mere desire of beholding the Count de Frouteuac, of
whom she had heard such groat things. It was not quite
the Queen of Sheba, but the Iroquois woman was animat-

' Relation, &c., l(103-;i. N. Y.
Col. Doe. ix., ]). 571. The expedi-
tion was eoninianded by Sir Franeis
Wheeler : lie landed :l(IOi) men, who
were rejHilsed by Caiil. Collet and
Count di> Hlenae.andal'tcrlesinu- five
or six killed, and lilM) |)ri!^:iner.s,
with arinH, umunition, and baguajre,
ghumefidly retreated, and re-ein-
l)arke<l. Jetterys' Freiicli I'oniin
ions, II., \t. 14y. De la rotheiie, ill

p. 188, makes their loss .SOO men,
and two shiiw. Wlieuler reached
Boston, June 11.0. S., having' buried
l:!(IO out of -^MOU sailors, and 1800
out of "J^lOO soldiers The distenipei
spread in Hoston. Uulchiiison, Hist
Mass., ii., p. 71.

*I)e hi Potherie, Ilistoire de
rAini'rii|ue Sept., iii., ]>. 188. R»-
latioii, &c., N. Y. Col. Doc, ix., p.
571.

UlSTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

215

1693.

ed by the same motive as tliat princess ; aud the Fronch
geuoral was so flattered, tliat he seemed to regard this wo-
man as something more than an Indian squaw. She had
indeed rendered great services to the French prisoners in
her canton, and it was to her that Father Milet owed his
life. Tlius tlio Count do Frontenac had more than one
reason for giving her a cordial welcome." She merited
even something more, aud God gave her charity, the same .
r(!W:ird that Cornelius the centurion obtained of old.
Like him, he enlightened her with the light of the Gospel.
She was baptized under the name of Susanna/ and I saw
her in 1708, at Sault St. Louis, where she died in a happy
old age, after long edifying that town by the constant
practice of all Christian virtues.

It was doubtless on her account, also, that the Count de T^eha's
Frontenac received Tareha quite well, although he was ex- proposUioa
tremely shocked at the propositions submitted by that In-
dian. Aft'}r rather lame excuses for his canton's not send-
ing deputies to the general, to treat of peace, throwing the
blame on the English, who had, he said, prevented the
Oneidas from following the wishes of their hearts, ho had
the hardihood to ask the Count de Frontenac to send an
ambassador of his own to Albany, (Orange,) where these
same EagHsh absolutely insisted on this great ali'air being
negotiated.

The indignation excited in the Governor's heart at such Fronte-

conduct may bo conceived ; he beheld hinvsolf mocked by
a nation, by whom he always flattered himself he was es-
teemed and fearcid. Yet ho did not display it comi)letely ;
ho even seemed couviuced that Tareha privately thought
much better than he spoke iu the name of those who dele-
gated him ; he gave him presents, and dismissed him, say-
ing that he would take in good part, the excuses of the
Oneidas ; but that ho would not delay in making the can-

u, '.'a reply.

' De la Potlicrie, iii., p. 19. already Christians, ami luiioug them

•'Milci's narrative does nut iud' he names rspceially, Sunanna (Jnu-

O'lte precisely rhis wcnian. Those cntHjrrandi, au Agoyaiuler in the

w'lo prowctcU iiiiu, he speaks of, as tribe, liekitiou, pp. uO, 31.

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IIISTOIU' 01'^ NEW FHANCJO

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1693.

Why lio
dt'liiycd to
pusii tlio
L'uquois.

Zciil and

Bfi'vicos of

tlirou

Iiidhiiiij.

tons repent their ^ot profitinj; by the favorable disposition
towards them, wlien he arrived from France, as well as
their adding insolence to perfidy.

Yet Tareha understood that this threat was only con-
ditional, nor was it so much the general's conduct to him,
that induced him to think so, as some mitigated expres-
sions which he had intermingled with his threats. Yet
there was some ground for believing that these menaces
would not bo without result, because the Illinois and Mi-
amia, encouraged by the Chevalier de Tonti, and the
Sieur do la Foret, were then making fierce war on the Iro-
quois, and had already within two or three years killed
more tlian four liundred of their men.'

But what pi-incipally induced the Governor-General not
to break ofi" all negotiations witli these Indians, is that he
maintained secret correspondents among them, by whom
it would be very easy to see what would be the result,
before taking a final step. His faithful Oureouhare,
who had recently retired among the Christian Iroquois
of the Mountain, made fi'equent excursions to his can-
ton, ajid omitted nothing, that ho deemed most advis-
able to inclme them to the French interest. Moreover,
Garakonthie was still alive, and although a fervent Chris-
tian, ho had remained at Onondaga, where his presence
was deemed necessary to seize the ojjportunities which
might offer of restoring a good understanding between us
and his countrymen. This venerable old man, deprived of
all spiritixal succour amid that Babylon, never allowed his
piety or zeal to relax, and by the care which he took to
maintain his credit, like another Daniel, he more than once
found moans to thwart the intrigues of tlio English, who,
but for this, would have frequently reduced us to mortify-
ing extremities.

n

' ( s

lKchiti(m,&c., 1()!l-2-:!. N.Y. Cnl. Col. nor, iv., p. 50. FlctclnT with

DoL'., ix., p. ■'i'i'2. \)r 111 I'otlnrii', (111 Scluivlcr convi-ni'd tlic Suilu'ins 01

I'AiiKMiiiHf Sept., iii., p. I'.IO-l. On tlio Ii'oi|Uois nt Alliany, ',' Feb. llillt

tlic ri'liini of 'I'iiri'liri, Dirck Wes Sec l'ropo«itioiis nt Iciilt'Ii. H) p

wis WHS Hfiit to Oiioiuluga. N. Y. )5o.

;i

5Vf

niSTOUY OF NEW FRAX('R.

217

:H

;ird uri.

I liavo boon muiblo to ascertain wlietbov Toganissoruus "'").v^
was tbou a Cbristiau, for it is certain tliat be oocauie one, '
and died at Sault St. Louis. At tbe time now spoken of,
bo was still at Onondaga, wliero be perfectly seconded tbo
good tlesigns of Garakontbie, aud it may be affirmed, tbat
New Franco was in part indebted to tbe services of tbeso
tbrec Indians, for not liaving its fields and dwelUngs cou-
tinnaby overrun by bostile parties.

Witii tins exception, -tbo cantons continued to follow for Conjima «
some years, the plan of conduct from wbicb they bad not ^^^^i^
swerved -inco tbe beginning of tbo war, and wbicb con-
sisted in negotiating from time to time, witbout ever com-
ing to a conclusion, and in incessantly barassing us ; but
in"stopping wlien tbey were in a position to do us most
injury. Tbo Englisb, on tbeir side, never co<\sed telling
tbeni tbat tbey would sooner or later destroy tbe French
colony, and it was mainly to keep up this idea in their
minds, that the English every year spread the rumor
of a great expedition to besiege Quebec'

If they perceived tbat auy of those sincerely attached
to us in tbo cantons, were active in urging the nation
to make peace, tbey left nothing undone to till the n>st
of tbe canton with distrust of these chiefs, or else of-
fered tbeir mediation, which tbey knew wo would not
accept, and thus to induce the masses to believe that
we were not acting in good faith. They then induced
some chief of repute to raise a war party, which cured
tbe most pacific of all desire of arrangement.

The reason why we would not listen to tbo idea of
receiving them as arbiters, is that they always wished
to dictate the terms, ai they easily made our refusals?
pass for a proof that we sought only to deceive. Thuf^
assured of the majority of the leading chiefs, they cared
very bttle for the advances occasionally made by our
most zealous partisans to the French general, aud they

> Engiy. ixcoounts wlmit that the th..^ war. N. V. Colouial Doc, iv..
Indians wavi'red and were weary of p. 58.

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IIIf.rORY OF NEW FUANrB.

even doriveil this adviuitago, that ou the faihirc of tlioso
aclvuuccs, thoHO wlio luado thcuu somotiiut'S fell umlor
our Huspicious. Thoy had, in tino, fonud the secret ot
inspiring tho entire nation with tlio desire of drawing
the whole fur trade to them, by showing the cantons
tho great profit that would redound to tlieniselves.
Hence arose all the intrigues of them both, to seduce
our allies, some of whom always let themselves be
gained, or surprised.

I liave uovcrtheless observed, and this must not bo
lost sight of, to understand the whole thread of the Iro-
quois manieuvres, so ai)parently variant with each otlier,
that these Indians would not calmly have beheld the
English solo masters of all Canada. Thej- were not ig-
norant how much they should have to fear at the hands
of the English, had the latter no rivals, and at bottom
they asi3ired only to hold the scale evenly balanced be-
tween the two nations, whose mutual jealousy made the
Iroquois sought by both and ensured their safety.

The English themselves were very fortunate to have
such a barrier to present to us ; for they coiild not en-
sure the tranquillity of their colonies, powerful as they
were, except by keeping us enqjloyed on that side,
while the Indians in the neighborhood of Acadia, close-
ly allied to us by the bond of religion, incessantly dis-
turbed the repose of New England, and the domestic dis-
sensions of New York exposed that province to the dan-
ger of i^assing under the French domination.

This policy of two nations, too proud to esteem each
other, and too restless to remain on a good understanding
longer than their interest demanded, had ceased to be a
mystery for those who had any share in the atlairs of New
France. Frontenac knew this better than any other, and
if on the one side, it obliged him to be ever on his guard,
it reassured him on the other, and iuduci.'d hin;. to listen to
the Iroquois, whenever they sent him de])utie8, witli whoi.i
he could treat, without exposing the dignity of his charac-
ter, ilureover, by tliis iiieaus, lie always recovered some

>!•

M)

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

249

prisouers, and generally r;aiuod a few months' peace, of •6i>3.

which lio availed himself to givo the colonists time to ~" " '

Ijrcathe, sow their lauds, and reap their harvest;!. Fin-

allv the Iroquois deimties rarely left him without cou- '•"»■ P^""-

ceiviug esteem, and oveu feeling attached to him person- Ucd by it.

ally.

Thus, at the commoncement of the year IfiOl, two On- 1694.
ouda'^as,' having come to Montreal to ask de Callieres
whetlier the Deputies of the Five Nations who were, >[u»\h atriUn

. , . .. make slidw

they added, already on the way, would bo well received 11 of mukiiij,'
they came to ask their father Ouonthio to grant them
peace, that governor, informed of his general's intentions,
replied, that they would be heard, when they came, but
that ho doubted whether they would come. They retired
with this reply, and then nearly two months elapsed with-
out anything more being heard of it. De Callieres was
not at all surprised, yet not to be wanting in anything
that depended on him, he deemed it pro[ier to send out
some i)arties hi the direction of New York, in order to ,seo
whetlier by means of prisoners that they might take from
the Iroquois, he could not discover the real object of
their sending the Hrst deputies, or the doluy of the sec-
ond.'

On the 23rd of March, two Mohawks came to ^Montreal,
bringing the excuses of Teganissoreus, who should have TlioFmiPh
beeu the head of the deputation. They said, that if the
cantons had failed to keep their word, it must be asiiibed
to che English.' They were ill received, the more espe-
cially, as Indians from Acadia had warned de Frontenac to

lllr-lnist
tiK-lll.

' Torskim, luphew of CJranilo
Oiu'uk', iiiiil a son of (iarioyo, an
Iroquois of isault Ht. Louis. Do la
Pother e, iii., p. lilS-t).

' La Motte (.'atliUac. Roliition,
&c., 101)4. N. Y. Col. Doc. is., p,
578.

■" Tlicy ljrouij;lit tUret" l)(.lts, witli
an ''xiilaiiiitory document in I'n'iu'li,
giving Ilium aa lliu ducisiou of a

tonfci'cnco of tliu Five Niitious, lirld
in Alljany, Fob. 9, l(iSi4. This is
given in Ui; la I'othcric. iii., p. 300.
N. Y. Col. Doc, ix I). 578. Colden's
Five Nationg, p. llici. They were ad-
dri'ssud to the Karigouistes, or In-
diiins of the' S«uU, who answi'ivd
tlirni hiUiiiluily.cimiiikiiinnLrof tlicir
not scudiiig (It putit'B Iriiiu all tho
cantons. 11).,

i

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250

HISTORY t)F NEW FRANCE.

1 , 1.

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ft-

1694, liowarc! of tlic Iroquois, who niPi'jly wished to giiiu tinio,
^— >— — ' ami throw liiui oil' his j^nanl ; thiit it was ovoii tlicir tlcsigu
to stal) him iiiid tlic Chovahcr ilo Callioros at a council,
whoro thuy woukl l)o in larj^'c! nun.bers ; to have numcu'ous
parties in the vicinity of Montreal, roaJy to pounce upon
the astonished colony, deprived of its commanders ; to
carry tiro and desolation everywhoro, and then introduce
the En}j;lish into the country.
Iro'iiii is There was doubtless oxaf^fj;;u'ation in this ; but prudencQ
^S«cLwc. required him to be on lis guard, and the Irocjuois I'aihiro
to keep tlicir word, excited rellection. However, in the
month of May, TeganissoreiLS arrived at Quebec, with
eight deputies. It was the sowing season, aud this cir-
cumstance made the Governor-General refrain from show-
ing how little importance he ascribed to this embassy.
He gave the ambassadors public audience' with much
pomp, aud never did they speak better on both sides. Te-
gauissorens' goodness of heart appeared, not only in tlio
harangue, which ho delivered in this assembly, but also
in his private interviews with do Frontenac, to whom he
presented belts in the name of Garakonthie.

The General treated him very kindly, begged him to as-
sure Garakonthie of his gratitude and esteem, and to these
marks of friendship, added very fine presents for both ;
but convinced that neither of them entered the councils of
the nation, in which the English took part, ho relied'only
on their sincere atl'ection, without Hatteriug himself that
their intiuence was great enough to bring the whole nation
to a perfect reconciliation. He then prolonged the stay of
the deputies as mueli as was necessary to give the colon-
ists time to sow thi'ir fields, aud this dehiy led to another
result, no less advantageous to tiie colony.'

Mr. de Louviguy had grounds for fearing a rupture with
our allies of the North and West, to whom the Iroquois

' May 23, IflOl. N, Y. Col. Doc, fnco are given at length, in Dc la
is., p. 5T!). P.itlierie, iii,, i)|>. !>(IJ-^JO. N. Y.

'' Tlie iiruceediugs of tliis confer- Cul. Doc, ix., ]>. .^TD-oSiJ.

4 I

>••«.■•

,'11

ith

HISTORY OF NEW t'liANCI-:.

251

woro uncoiisiii<,'ly iiisiimatin;:; that tlio Froncli wished to '^ \
iJiiiki' ti'i'iiis with tiio c'luitoiis without iv^'ard to tlioir inter- " "" ' "^
ests. All tiiat lie foiild ilVcct, was to iiuhice tlio principal . .tof
chiefs of these nations to convince themselves of the truth "'latiou.'"
in person ; these chiefs started for (Juebcc, and arrived
two days after the departure of the Irocpiois deputies.
Frontcnac, learninj^ from their own lips the object of thoii
visit, sent an express to Tei^anissorens to ho<^ him to re-
turn to (^acl)cc ; he came at once, and saw tlio chiefs of our
allit's and thii latter, after liearinj^ him, understood that
the Tro([uois had no otlier object tlian to divert them, pre-
vent tlieir parties attacicing the -i -miu enemy, and em-
broil them with the French, so "■■.!. b uivo au easier task
■with both of them.'

It wtiH not the Governor-(' 'cr '"s fault that he did not M. doFron-
drrive from Tej^anissoi'ens' t', ip t .ion another advantaj^e, iiKiicitiml
which seemed to him no l<)ss essential, although all the nsiom
world were not ot his opu lUs was tlie re-establisii-

ment of Fort Catarocouy. it was first proposed by Tega-
uissorens,'^ altJiough perhai)s at the General's own sugges-
tion. Frontcnac certainly seized the opening with all tho
ardor of his nature, and did not delay for a moment, the
preparations for au enterprise so long desired. Ho pro-
pared witli great diligence a largo escort, which was to
conduift to that post a garrison, mechanics, munitions, and
all necessary for au establishment which he proposed to
make tlie bulwark of t!\e colony. He gave the command
to the Chevalier de Crisasy, but as that olHcer was on tho
point of embarking, he ri'ceived orders to disband.^

This change was caused by de Seriguy's arrival at Mon- ^y,,^^
treat, where the Governor-General was, bearing a royal J^'^^^'it* it-
commission to raise a considerable force, for an expedition
against Fort Nelson. The court still clung tt) this project
and committed it to Serigny himself, and his brother,

' Kdatioii, Kliti-;?. N Y. Col. Doc. ■ Eightli lu'lt. N. Y. Col. Dye is.,
is., i>. .")'j;! Df hi PotbiTii', His- p. .581. Du la Potlu-rif, iii,, p 2\)'^
tuin; d(^ I'Ain. Sri>t., iii., p. 2'2'K •iiT.

■J

I !

1
III

4i

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1 1

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ii'i

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ifii

I

fl62

IIlSTOltY OK NKW KIJANCE.

9

■IP

I

jii, i .!.,

J

'i

1694. (I'lIitM-villc. T1h'1'(> was not 11 iiioiiiciit to loso, unless tlioy

^— V- -^ wIsIumI till' project to I'.'iil for tlio tliiiil time, uiul for tliis

imiposo it wuH uucossiiry to take a piirt of tlio mou who

woro to accoinpiuiy tho Chevalier do CrisnHy. Frontoiuio

gavo Scri^'iiy oiiu liiiudrcd iiud twenty Caiiiidiitns, and somo

Indians from Saiilt St. LoniH ; the rest were dismissed till

fiuthur orders.'

Now iii"'()- Soon after, two Fronchmou who \ia,iX oscajied from

wi'i'ii "I'lTr Ouoii'^'io"-! whoro tlioy woro prisoners, assured do Front-

lrui|i!..u. ix-n;^ that he must no lon.^or count on makinj,' peai-e witli

tho Iro(|Uois nation ; tho Cronoral believed them ill informed,

and tho chiefs of tho western and northern tribes ha\ing

arrived towards the close of August, with a groat convoy

of furs, brought by do Louvigny," he carefully withheld

from them the information which ho had just received.

At tho end of a fortui^dit, Ouroouharo, Avho had accora-
l)anied Teganissorens on his return, came back witli thir-
teen French prisoners, whom he had delivered, among
them tho two Hertels, taken two years before at do la
(lemeraye's defi;at, and who Avero supposed to be dead ;
but ho brought uo deputies, except those of his own cau-
toii, Cayuga, and of tho Seneca.' Only Count do Fronte-
nac's regard for their conductor, made him give them a
favorable hearing, and ho wished tho chiefs of our allies to
be present at the audience.

Ourcouhare, who sjioke, began by presenting a belt, the
meaning of which was, that ho had burst the bonds of thir-

' Deln Potborii', iii., ]). 227. Es-
nininatiou of M. I'liwling ami N.
Smith. Si'u N. Y. Col. Doc, iv., [).
110.

'' Do la Porte dc Louvigny ciuin.'
from Paris in KIST, ami bfcaino
liinttc'iiant ami capl;iin. In IHUO,
bi'iit to tlir west with ii convoy, ami
fcatuil the IriMjiiois. Antu, |i. liiT. In
KiUo. he was made luli'tihipman and
ensign in the navy, i>"cording to
Daniel, i., p. !307. He ret, rued from
the \ve«!t, OH here eluted, in 1UU4.

Major of Three Rivers in 1700; of
Qm-liec in 170;l. Knight of St.
LiniiH in 17iiS ; King's lieutenant
at Qiiehec, in 1710. ( 'oinuiandant
in the Upper Country, 171(i-1720.
Conducts e::pe(lition against tho
Foxes, 1710. (ioviTuor of Three
Rivers, 1724 ; lost on Cliaineau, Aug.
27, 172r). Daniel, i., ji. ;H)0. N, Y,
Col. Doc. ix., !>, !);W.

' De lu Potherie, iii., p. 227, N.
Y^. Col. Doc, iv., p. ll.")-110, men-
tions eight as escliauged.

M\^

II s

nil

)1U

FriMitii-

liiic'tt lllllkl

answer.

IIISTOUY OF NF.rV FUANCE.

toon Froiicliiaou ; lio then pn^Hciitod otlioiH, to show tlmt
tlio cantoBH, wlioHo (Itii)nt.'eH iippoiirod, |v rcoivin^ that To-
j^iiiiissoi'i'ii.s' iu'ij;()tiiiti(iii was too loiij,' protriii-tcd, and
kuowiiiy tlmt it wuh tniviTscil \>y tlio lliif^'lisii, had takoii
tJH) iiiitiativo, and diroi'tod tlu;ir envoys to hvt^ tliiii- Fa-
tli( r not to loso pationco, but to assuro liim that tlioy
wished at any prico to ic^'ain liis favor, and thny conjured
him to hold i)ark his hatflu't ytit a iittlo lon^'cr.

The (toncrai asked (honi whotlu!!' they diil not intend to
inchide all the nations in tiie treaty propostul, ami this
question end)ai'r;>ssed thoni. They eonforred for somo
time to<;etlier, and then rejjlicHl in a very amhij^'uous man-
ner. Father iJruyas, Superior of the Missions, who acted
as interpreter, begged them to be more explicit, but their
trouble incroaseil. Then the Count {] • Frontenac told
them tlu't iio accepted the tirst belts, and that he with
])leasure beheld his chihlren whom he had mourned as
(lead ; that hu thanked the dojiuties of the two cantoua for
their eager protestation of liiUdity to him ; but ho did not
receive the other belts, by whicli thoy proposed to stay
his arm, and that ho was about to strike at ouco, un-
less they i)romptly gave him a precise reply to all that lio
had declared to Teganissoreus.

He then treated tiiem magnificently, and during the nc au.
bancpiet, resuming that nobly alVable manner that alway.s '||,':p'ai|,J'
became him, he sought to convince tiie Sonecas and Cay- •''''"j:'j'|'.''''^"
ugas that he de^ireil peaci; less I'oi' his own sake than for
their.s, and as a father, who reluctantly punishes his chil-
dren. Some time after, he gathered all the Imlians, and
evincinl much displeasure at 'reganisst)rens' failure to re-
turn at tin; apiioinled tinu;, and still more at their consult-
ing the Fiiglish, who, looking only to their own interest,
could not but dissuade from iieacc. Ho added that ho
should not long be the dupe of the irresolution and incon-
stancy of the cantons ; that he and his allies were about to
resume the war in earnest, and carry it ou more vigorously
than ever.

The dc[)uties, wlio Lad not exi)ectcd this threat, wished

, '.1

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nii'l 'ruri.'li:i

IIIHIOU^ OF NKW l-Il.\N('K.

t(i »\( itc Ills tliwlniHt (if liiw iillics, but lio took up tlifir il -
I't'iu'i', iiii.l |>iol("-,ti'il til it lid would iicvcr si'|i,ir,itt.( liin iu-
ttrcsts I'niiii theirs. Vol liu liNtcut'd (juili! calmly to soiiio
I'l'proiiciu'S tluit till) IliU'dUS iiud IroipioiH iiddiosHcil each
otlii r, wiHliiii^', doubtlcHH, to suo wliotlicr he could not thus
derivi) souu^ I'^'I't us to llu) conduct of tlm former, whom ho
liiid ncvcf tiuslcd iiioiv tliiin modcriilcly ; hut iiftci' (juito
a wiirni idtrrcatioii, from wliich ho learned notldiii,' but
wliiit 111' already knew, he imposed silence on boih parties.
He then told the Irocpiois that he would make his picpar-
ations slowly, in order to ;,'ive them time to return to their
duty ; but that if they continued to aliuse his patienc(\ ho
would make liiem feel that, as on the one hand he was a
good father and a faithful ally, so on the other they would
find him a terrible enemy, if they utterly exhaustc^l his ])a-
ticnce. lie spoke in the same tone to the other Indians in
liriviito, and dismissed them all with presents, and full of
esteem for him in iierson.

Towards the end of October, Fathcu' Milet' arrived at
Montreal afti'r the years slavi'ry, a j,'()od part of which ho
liad spent in constant expectation of the tortures intlicted
ou prisoners of war, and he informed the Ooveruor-Geno-
ral that he was closely followed by Tarc^ha with deputies
from the Oni'ida cantcm. In fact tlicy landed a few days
after, but were very ill received, and iilmost trciited as splits.
Nevertheless Frontenac relaxed a little on the testimony
of the missionary to whom Tareha had really rendered
great services durliijj; his captivity, and altl'.ungh ho bej^'an
to credit the statemeiit of tlu? Al)i'na<iuis, ihat all tlieso ne-
gotiations were intended only to amuse him, he reflected
that they had not lieen useless to him, in so far as they had
all'orded some re|)(jse to tiie inhabitants of the colony.

It was, moreover, a matter of ni'cessity either to make a
show of meeting these advances or to go and attack tlia
Iroquois with forces capable of d(!stroying them, and lio

' Ah to ^lilftV oaiitivity, sci' Hcla- N. Y. Col, Doc, iv., j). i!), 7!), '.>:', &c.,
tion d'um' ciqitivitt' [i;iniii Ics Oiiin'- Miitlicr's Maguiilia, Hook, ii., p
loulN, New Voik, 1^01. l.i'UiTB in 01.

;*/

'.'

IIISTOHY OF NEW FnANCK.

11

IH

in

itn

waH fur fioiu lifiviii^ oiiou^;li for sik;!) mh cxiunlitioii. Tim "'"r.-
Eiiylisli, us alii'iuly notict'il, Imd irci'lril ii fort at Oiioiidi- '" ' "~^
ga, iiml that jiliicc was in vi'It ^'ooil coi, lili,)ii. Tlic I'o- n,,, ,j^,|„,r,
(juoirt (.•oiiKl at iiccil |iiit ill tlu( licM tli)"i« tlumsaiid '"I'lii i',',':'" '.'nVic
uiul tlio Govoi'uoi' of Now York \V( mill lio siu'o not to lot r,."'',"u
thoiu ju'rish for want of his aid.

Frniitcnao I'oiiiil count on two thoiisaml men at most,
inchiilin;.; rc^^ulars, militia, and domiciliati'd Indians; pni-
ilent'c not |n'rmittin^' him to h.-avo nni^'arrisoncd tho nioro
ox|(OM'd [losts, wiiioh woro ([uitn numiu'inis. 'I'lms, con^id-
-rin;,' all tliin;,'s, la,' had dono much l)y iliviu'tin;,' this {^roat
war ]iartii>s, which would at thu It'ast havo ravu;^'i'd tho
tiflils, a ilisastiT thai would entail a ^on va' I'amini). Now
til'.' I't'ssatiou of ho^tilitii'S on a i^rrat S(m1i', . is tho result
)f tlic n<';,'oliations just nioiitioiied, aii'i tln^ small p.itics
that apix'arud on oiio sido ov aiiotlier diiiin;^ thai time,
liail only forced us to ijo ever on unv ^uard.

Tliu Ln;,dish of Boston were far from (•ijjoviii;^' as yreat S'lmr W":
ti'aiKiuillity at the hands of the Abi'naciui nations. .Sir uiui HkI
(William) IMiibs had based ^'reat lioixiS on Fort I'emUuit, "" "
.situated iu thu midst of these Indians, and at lirst, by iuti-
midatiou, brought some to a kind of tonus. This was loss
sur[)rising as these Indians often beheld thomsolvos aban-
doned i)y the French, who counted a little too much on
their attachment, and the inllueuce of those who liad ^aim;d
their coutideuce ; moreover, somo of their relatives wero
prisoners at Boston, and tliero was nothing that they
would stop at, to got thorn out of the hands of tho Eng-

'Ml

m

• ■

1^

.'!

i.,4

Things had oveu goue so far, that two of their chiofa'
had bound themselves iu tho mouth of May, to conclude a
treaty of poaco with tho Governor of Now Eugland, aud
that Geuoral, after receiving hostagi^s, had ])r(jct!eded in
person to Pemkuit," to hasten tho conclusion of an all'air

' Du la Potlu-rle. iii., p. 227. ' Slv in .MiitluTs .Mn^'iuiliii, i., \>]>.

• Kil/.iniu't, (I''^''i'r''i'i''' "''•'^'"i''i''"-) "'l''-o. a .rw.l; >it;iii'il a: I'niiaii'iiil,

nnd Mctuwumto, (Muduckuwuiulo,) Au^'. 1 1, <>. ;■'., Lk tlu; iibov' cliiufs,

lb., J). 227. niul limr iitlii'Vs.

4\

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ii.'d

-Jill

m

256

4

i

, 5

li

si

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1694.

Tlie Sieiii-
do Villic'ii

IjRMk.S (ill

the iini^.i-
liatlun.

Bi.kl ;in<l

SlU'Ci'Ssfill
CX|UMlilUIIl

of tliat
offlcer.

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

wliicli he justly regarded hh a master stroke. He would
{\pparoutly have succeeded, but for the exertions of the
Sicur de Villieu, who had so greatly distiuguished himself
at the siege of Quebec, nud theu commanded a compauy iu
these parts.

At the very moment wheu Phibs felt most assured of at
last freeing his colony from all anxiety as to such danger-
ous neighbors, Villieu, seconded by Mr. Thury, missionary
at Pentagoet, found means to regain Mataouando, a Male-
cite chief, who had already declared for peace. Raising a
party of two huudretl and lifty Indians from the neighbor-
hood of Pentagoet and St. John's river, and being joined
by the Abeuaipiis of tlie eider Father Bigot's mission,
Villieu put himself at the head of ah these braves, having
with him only a siDgle Frenchman, and led them to the
river Pescadone, (Piscataway) iu the mitl:;t of English set-
tlements, and only twelve 'eagues from Boston.'

Here there wore two forts," a short distance from each
other ; the Abenaquis uudcrtook to attack one, Villieu, with
the Malecitjs and Micmacs, marched against the other,
and they wore .soon carried. Two Inmdred and thirty En-
glish perished, tifty or sixty houses were burned, a success
that did not cost the victors a single man, only one being
wounded.' Mataouando always fought beside the French
commandant, and greatly distinguished himself.

1 Du 111 I'othriic, iii., p. '^'OS. Rt;.
latidii liu Voyiu,'!' liiit i.iu- Ic Siciir
ill' Viilii'ii. . . a 111 tcti' ili'S. . . Ivii-
nilmts ft Miilrri/it s. C'.iiuulii l>iii'.,

I!., vii.,

IJiirot was 111 I'liiia-

oumkik. Hi! li'l't Naxoiit, May 'J."),
with his ludiiins iiiul two Fri'ii.li-
lai-ii. 11(3 wiisiit l'i'Uliii,'oi't .Jiiiii' \j.
Williiimsoii, Hist. Maiiii", i., p. Ii:)il,
{^is'i'S till) substiinci) of Ri^ot'.s and
Tliury sHiTiuonis. tutln'r Iroiii ai'i iiiiUy
lifariii;,' tlioui 111' irrm his own iiua
giiuUioii.

■-' Fortified lioii.i's, IX' la Pothi'riu
iii.. |i. '.',;'■). Vill''ii, ('iiiiai'a One, II.,
vii., p. Il2, wi'.p i>u\v tlic'ui .Inly 'M,
calls tLcm " little lorts."

■' Villieu, Relation, Canada Doc.
II., vii., )). Vi, claims to havi; burned
(iO houses, killed 10 1 men, uiul ta-
ken :iT. De la I'otherie, iii., p. a,",),
iv., )). -Ill, f,'ives 110 kilioJ. Tliu
placi' was Oyster l{iver, now l)urliam>
N. 11. llayward's li.izeite.'r of New
Hampshire, p. (II. .lohu I'ike, in
'lis .lournal, (N. II. Hist. Coll., iii., p.
.■),) says thre.' pirrisons taken, 13
houses burnt, i)-l per.-^ons killed or
laki'U. Aci'<ir,lin^ to Cotton .Mather,
JMaHiialia, IVk. vii., art. '^O.tive oi'tlio
twelvi^jfarrisoned houses were taken.
Ilelknap, History of New Haiiip.-lurL'
(Farmer's Ed.) i.. i). l:!.'\ eslimates
loss at !)() or lUO killed, and 20

I

If

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

257

Tho Alienuqui chiof was Taxons, ii'vcatly eelcbvatecl for 1694.
roiinv exploits, and comuiL'mlablo atlichmeut to onr inter- — — ^-— -'
ests. This brave man, not satislicd with wliat ho had just
so valiantly achievc-d, chose forty of his most active men, ':^,i'^(';,[,,°J.
and after three days' march, by makiiit;' a Iohl;- ciicuit,- ar- -i""-
rived at the foot of a fort near Boston, and attacked it in
broad day. The En.^lish made a better defence than they
did at Pescadoue. Taxons had two of his nephews killed
by his side, and himself received more Uian a dozen mns-
ket balls in his clothes, but he at last carried the place,
and then continued his ravages to the very doors of the
capital.'

These hostilities provoked Phibs all the more, in as upiisinqiat
much as on the assurances which he had ^;ivcn of a speedy '^"*'""-
arrangement with the Indians, all the country was in per-
fect security, and after these sudden and unexiiected hos-
tilities, the people of Boston rose up against him.' Ho
had no great authority hi his g(}vernia('nt, and as mucli to
esca[)e the fnry of a mutinous populace, which despised
him, as to seek means to avenge the allVont which he had
just received from the Indians, he resolved to proceed to
Pemkuit.

As soon as ho arrived there, he sent to tell those with
whom ho had treated, that they must surrendiu' to him
two of their men who had been at the attack of the lirst

houst'S Iniriu'd, .Inly 18. O. S. lO'Jl.
Sue ton UutcliinsDu'H Hirtt. Mush, ii.,
p. Ti). WilliiiuwiiuV Miiiiic, i., \<.
U40. Stouglilon's Lctti'i- to r\v Iii-
(liiius. N. V. Col. hoc, ix., \:\>J)l-\-
4.

' Df la PotlK-ri.', iii., i).22i». Tax-
us, (luisiirintt'd Tauoiif,) in said, p.
24(), to liiiv(! killi'd or takoii 4).
ViUiril, Ut'lulion, \<. 13. «;>'(• the cliirt'
Lad oO uirii. Till' place auui'k.d
was Oi'oluii, .MassaL'lui^<i'ttH, July 'J7,
O. S. ilatlur, Maf^uaiia, lib. vii.,
p. tiO, Hays tliL'V wiTe tirst i-fpulsud
at luk'nt. Laliiii's hou-su, Im!. ri'uru in;'
tliu attack, killed tweuty people, aud

took a dozen. Butler'^ History of
(Irotoii |). !l:.!, cites no autlnn-ity but
Mather. The (ieiieral Court, liow-
ever, relieved the town from taxes
on account of "their great distress
and impoverishment by reason of
the desolation made upon them by
the enemy." lb., p. 05.

'•' Phibs' troiililes had a diireiTlit
cause. See lliitchiiison's Hist.
Mas.s., i., PI). 7(J-Sy. He war recalled
to Ku;;laud. and sailed No\. 1 r. <>.
,S. Charlevoix here confuses mat-
ters, and makes the treaty follow,
wlien it really preceded the hostili-
ties.

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258

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE

1^)94.

:i

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l^*!;

4,'f ':■■,

i ■• :

Whiit
passed 1/0-

twcen

Pliilisnnd

the liuli:in

allies (.f tlie

FreueU.

riicy bcBi-

utu.

One

of tlieir
inissioiiar-
iei) prevents
their treat-
iu'jwitli thu

Luirlidh.

fort, that othevwiso Lo would regard tliora all as accom-
plicL'S iu ail act of hostility coiULnitted agaiust tho law of
luitious, aud aftt.r au eugagomout to commit uoiio, adding
that he was at Pemkuit iu a position to puuish this perfidy.
These threats perplextsd the Indians not a little ; they had
given hostages to the English General, their kindred woro
prisoners at Boston, and those circumstances were more
than sulHcieut to induce them to agree to anything to ap-
pease Sir (William) Phibs, who, on his side, would have
made a golden bridge to regain them, trusting to betray
ti)em in future.

Moreover, succor had long been promised from France,
but came uot ; uor could be speedily hoped for; the French
slii})s that had arrived ou the Acadiiui coast, after advan-
cing as far as St. John's river, having siiiled oil' with a pre-
cipitation that admitted a great superiority ou tho jjart of
the English. All this caused the Indians serious reflection,
and they hesitated long as to the course to bo adopted.
At last the majority decided to send and apologize to the
English Governor for the past, aud assure him that he
shoukl in future have no reason to complain of them.

This stop would have been certain ruin to themselves and
us. Nothing was bettor calculated to expose their weakness
and ours to the English, who would undoubtedly have avail-
ed themselves of it, to involve these tribes so that they could
never recoil. But Mr. do -Lhuri, seasonably warned of
what was designed, succeeded in assurii g the more timid
and showing them ill, the gulf into which they were phiug-
iug, by thus throwing themselves into tho arms of a nation
whose bad faith they had so ofteu experienced, aud whom
they had injured too deeply ever to expect to be well
treated \,y them, and who really feared them enough to
make it their [xjlicy to exterminate them entirely, so soou
as tliey siiould see them uo longer sustained by tho
French.

Ho theu advised them tu employ tho time given them
for a decisiou, in galluihig the little grain they had i)lanl-
ed, and after that to retire to parts where they could be

IIISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

Hi-
of

259

1694.

sure that tho English would uot pursue thoia. Mr. do

ViUicu at tho saiuo tiiuo iuducod tho ohiof.s to accouipauy

him to Qiioboe, whoro thoy prosoutod to do Froutonac, tho

.scalps of tho English killod at Poscadouu ; Fatlior Digot'a

Abouaquis, who liad talcou uo [)art in tho nogotiatious bo-

tweon tho Malooitos aud tho Governor of Now England,

folio wod do Villioii closely, aud all renowcd thoir protosta-

tions of inviolable fidelity to the French giiueral.'

AVhilo tho English were thus severely luiudlod in Now „ . .

^^ ■' Dc-icriptioa

England, by a handful of Indians, they received in Hud- '^^ I'^rt

Nclsou.
sou's Bay a check, which they felt still more keenly. On

the 'Jlih of St.'ptember, d'Iberviilo aud do Seriguy arrived
at tiie mouth (jf 8t. Teresa river after running groat risk
from tho ice with which they found the whole baycovorod.
Tiiey lauded tlio same day, and tho next night forty Cana-
dians invested by laud tho fort, whoso capture was thu ob-
ject of tii is expedition.' I have elsewhere remarked that
what is pro[)eil3^ called Port Neison, is a kind of bay, •which
roeoivos tlio waters of tho St. Teresa and Bourbon rivers,
aud that tlio fort to which the English gave tho same
name, stands on tho bank of tho former river, half a league
from its mouth.'

On the 27th after, tho Poli, commaudod by de Soriguy,
had transferred to tho Salamaudre, d'Ibervillo's ship, aU
needed for the siege, the two brotiiors endeavored to ap-
proach the i'(n't, but tho ice detained them a whole mouth,'
and n(,'arly cruslied tiie Salaiuandre. At last on, tho 28tk
of October/' this sliip anchored a mile above tho fort, aud

'■ l)t! Ill I'otlicrii', llistoiiv ill'
r.\iu<'fitiiii' S.'jii., i>. ;:.");>, I'i'.l. 'ill

■■' They s:iil .1 IV mi tj.i •')••,•, .iil:;-u--l
10. ,I('r>'ini.', l!rl;itio;i il.' lii \iy
dr lliuUciii. Viiyiu;-cs (111 Niinl, lii.,
p. o-l'i. He calls the vi'ssoU i'uli
iiuil I'hiiraiit;'. KiitluT .M.in'st, Li't-
tri's EililiiiiiU's, vol. X. Travi-ls »(
MitnioiiarirH, &;., |). 'iV.), ami ])'• la

jic'ililidii liail bfi-ii wilk'iti'd by tho
Niii-thiMM I 'niiiiiany. Cuiuula Uoc., II.,
vi. ;,. -J.:!, 01.-,.

" ■li'ii'iiiii'. U'rUition, (If hi Hayi.' do
llu.N.Jii. |i. i!'.'."). [h; la I'otliL'rie,
UiBi'iiii' ill.' rAiiii'riiiui', Si'pt., i., p,
U<(\.

* Aiiti', viil. iii., p. 2u7

*■ TliiH Ki'i'ius to 1)1' an error, coiu-

I'otlicrii', i., p. liiii, cull ilic hilt'jr [nirr .Jci'i'iiiii'. i., p. ;!iil.
tliK Salaniauilri!. Miu'c-^t wriitc Imi^' ' I'liis slmulil appiircntly bo Si^p-

afior, Hiiii iaapiiarrutly in I'Vi'iir hero, toiubcr. Ji'n'nii.', ;>. o'iij.
tllimt;li, (111 Iht'cipcdilioil. ThiSoX-

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260 IIISTOUV OF NEW FRANCE.

'^'94- (VIbcvvilli) eiiciimpcd his whole force on shore. This fort
^"^"^^—^ was ii sciuaro house, to which four bastious hiul beeu add-
ed, the whole being of wood.

Ou a lino with the palisade were two other bastions, one
serving as officers' (juartors ; between the two was a kind
of half moon, where there was a battery of eight eight-
pounders commanding the river, and below it a platform,
level with the ground, with six heavy guns. On the side
of the woods, which was a copse in a swamp, there was no
defence. The main body of the, place was fortified by a
double palisade, and had thirty-six cabj; )u, and six i)ede-
reros.' The garrison consisted of dfty-three men, command-
ed by a good trader, who had never smelt powder, and of
course fiiade a poor defence."

The siege began, however, in a very Scid manner for the
jv iiiTHr two comiuaudauts. Their brother (Jl: i^^oaugue, stdl vounijc

-•11,1 D J ^ rj

do Scrii.'iiy. and serviii;^ as ensign ou the Poli, having advaui-ed on tlie
■4th of November to ])revent the besiegers from making a
sortie, was killed by a muskei: Ijali. He was the third of
his family, killed lighting for his pviucc.' From that day
to the 9tli, they were engaged iiiH'-.iig c^uar^ers for them-
selves. On the 9th, they '. '.'^an to '-.ork at the batteries,
and place the morti'.rs, waioh wore rjudy at noon ou the
13tli; hr^ before using them, dTbervilie sent to summon
the ''.r'V.it.or to surrender.

' 'rii'i. '.,,;,. '/.ptioncoiTi'sponds with
unit iu .It'it'iuir's iii'liitiou (If la
Biij(! (If lluilsoii, [). 32")-(i, uxicpt
tliiit the; liitto says ;i3 ciuuiou uiul 11
Bwivels.

• l''r. Giibi-iul llun^st, Leltur to F.
UL' IjUiiilii'i-villc, (Ui-ttres Kdil'iiUitiH
;t (.'uricusrs, vol. x. ) Tnivols of
Ijoarui'il Misriioncis, p. "JliU.

••The iiiliiT two wrri' lie Siiiiilc
Ht'luUf iimldeliii'iivillc. 'I'ln' iiiuuc
of (.'liiitcaiigiiay was trivtii lo tlu'
youuiri'st of tile lir^jtlicrs, HOW (iov-
eruor of Oiycniii'. I'linrl'i-iiii; Tin'
Scigui'iiry of ('liati'aiii;uay, is on iic
St. Lawruucf, ailjoiuiiij,' lliat of

Sault St. Louis, and crossed by tlio
Cliiitfaiigiay aud St. Ui'gin rivers.
It was graiitud to Lo Moyiiu, Sieiir
dc l.oiiguouH, Si'pt. 'J'.), I(i7;j. lioii-
cliettij, Tdiiogr. Dcsc. Vii, ix.,
Liouis le Moyiio, Sieur di^ I'hatcau-
t;uay, llic lUtli liou of tlic Siuur do
lion^'iitniil, was horn at Jloutreal,
Jan. 4, KiiU. He was kiilcd, not
Nov. 4, as gLMiorally stal'.'d, lim Oct.
4. Seo Fatliir -Marcst's letter,
ill the Li!tl..'S Editiaul.'s et ("u-
rinises, vol. X. Travels of Li-arned
.Missioiiers, p. '-li'iU. Daniel, Nos
(ilories Xatioiiali's, i, p. ."iJ. Uue
Page do Noir.' Uistoire, \) '^ijli.

.1

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

261

h

That olHcoi", seeing himself ou the poiut of being bom- 1694.
barilcd, destitute of fire-wootl, anil with no hope of getting a "— ~v— -^
supply, if the French persisted in wintering in their camp, 'J•^^^,
and especially being inexperienced in war, replied that he crinituiatei.
consented tu surrender the fort, and would send his lieu-
tenant the next day, to arrange the capitulation. He kept
his word. The lieutenant asked that all the otHcers should
be lodged in tli" i'ort during the winter, that neither they,
their property, nor their papers should bo touched, and
that they should be transported to Franco as soon as navi-
gation oi)ened, or be at liberty to pass over to England.
All this was gi'unted : tho capitulation was signed on the
14th, and observed in gooj faith. The next day d'lber-
ville took possession of the place and named it Fort Bour-
bon.'

The booty captui'ed was inconsiderable ; but a large
stock of provisions wns found. As the French ships had
not been very well supplied, this enabled them to pass more
agreeably a winter, which proved very severe, and 'onger
than usual. The English, informed of the French design,
had sent two frigates t(j the bay, which revietu. lied Forts
Nelson and St. Aun(,', in August, reinforced the ;'i;arrison,
and carried oji' all the beaver skins ou hand. A litt'o dili-
gence would have prevented this, but while Louis XTY.
surprised his enemies by celerity in taking the tielJ the
vessels sent to America by his order, always s.'iied two
or three months too late from our ports. TL<. seqne! of
this history will show that this tardiness was alnvv-t the
sole cause of all our losses. i want of success in ••ur
enterprises in that part of tl >ew World.

The crown the disappoiulment, the scurvy broke out

Jeri'iuic, Ueliitidii dr lii Hnyc ilo voix evidiMitly errn in giving Nov.

IliuUdii, snys I'lr firjrr lu.-tril ' 11 lorOct. Miii'i st, I.uttiT to (le Lam-

Sipt. 2."). to Oct. 1 1 : mill lliiU <\ r InTvillc, in tlic Lcttrcs Kii'liantcg et

villi- cutcfi'd till' lort '111 till* |.")lli. CuriiMiscs, X. TniVfN of Mis.^ioncir,

l)c ill I'utlieric. ill his liri.f iicciuut, p. Sti'J. say.< liu cnlcri'd wiili .i'lljiT-

vol. i., ]i. l(j(), is in error, in niiikiiiy villi'. St. '^l•l■e^•l^'s day, Oc:. !"), iiud

this nuiTc'udi.r Oct. I'O ; nud ChuiU- said nia.'*s.

liiii

I

'II

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202

HISTORY OF NEW FllANCB.

■J

,'■(

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1^195.

among oiiv men, iitfcaekin^ most ot tlioui ; Mr. do Tilly,
Lieuteuaut of tho I'oli, uiiio other CauadiaiiH, aud tea sail-
Cnns(!- ^^'^ diod, Ouo huiulrod aud lit'ty canous, l(;adod with Nor-
"^'tliu'wii- tlieru furs, which reached Fort Bourbou iu June, recom-
(lULst. pensed those interested for the furs of which the English
disappointed them, liut the end of July a])proaclied with-
out the ice permitting thorn to sail. It was not till tho
28th tliat the}- wero able to weigh anchor. Ojily ii hund-
red aud tiftcen men survived on the two French shii)s, sev-
eral of whom were unfit for service. This induced dTber-
ville to resolve to await and ca[ aire the English ships, then
to send the Poll to Franco, and proceed with tho Sahimau-
dro to winter at the head of tho Bay, iu order to capture
Fort St. Anne.'

The English not appearing up to tho 7tli of September,
he changed his plan, aud resolved to sail for (Quebec with
tho two ships. He appointed the Sieur do la Foret, Gover-
nor of Fort Bourbon, assigning Mr. de Ivlarigni' to him as
lieutenant. Ho left them sixty-four Canadians, and six
Irocpiois of Sault St. Louis,' with anununition and stores
for a year.' Ho then steered for Canada, but being long
detained by head winds on tho Labrador coast, and his
crews being <laily enfeebled by scurvy, he made for the
coast of France, aud cm tho 'Jth of October arrived at La
Kochclle.

Aftairs rf-maiued on the same footing in the centre of tho

In.,|ii()is colony; the Irociuois contnunng to make great in'omises,
comi.iiie to ^ / ' . ^ _^^ n , " . ; , '

amuse (he and Ivcepuig none, it was atterwanls ascertanied that the

greatest obstacles to a perfect reconciliation between the

canton.-; and the French, did not come any longer from

' Father Miibviel Mnrcst to Fullicr - La Plaque comiuaiided these
de Lamberville, iilii suprn, and in Iroquois, aixiirdiug to De la Potherio,
Travels of Missioner.s ji. ;i()'J-2T(), i., \i. Klii

gives most of these t'act.s, but not
tin; deaths.

• Captain de Marigni went to St.
Domiugo iu 1710. Uauiel, ii., \i.
287.

* Father Mare>t remained after the
ships sailed ill September, 111'.).'). He
makes the \vh<ile 1,'iirrison in round
uuinlKTS, S(j. Travels of Learned
Missiuners, p. •2'i'i.

r I

f ,;.^.f,.

niSTORY OF NEW FRANCE.

2G3

Now York -tlio Dutch, wlio liiid a iiowrrful party in that 1695.
province, no loiiyor opposing' tlio pcaco— but from New
Eii,L;hiiiil. Yot, coiiio wiieiicc they woull, there was uot a
fioul iuNcw France! hut felt convinced of tlio urj^'eut uecos-
sity of carrying out the threa,t so often made to these per-
fidious Indians. Tiio king's council had long entertained
the same opinion, for thus wrote Mr. de Poutchartrain to
Froutenac, April IGth, IG'Jo.

" I !.m very glad to iuioim you in advance, of his Ma- iy, uinsr
jesty's view in regard to the war, and the negotiation ycni Vimuui' hi
have kept up w:th the Iroipiois, from the autumn of 1G'J3 J^^;^^
to the sailing of the vessels, and to tell you that this nego-
tiation seems to have been con dieted' by them in concert
with the English. Both seem to have had more especially
iu view to suspend and avert the expeditions that you wero
to undertake against them, iu order to be better able to
pursue their hunting and trade, and then bo better able to
resist your designs, .nd even carry th j war into Canada.
You cannot have more positive proofs of their insiucerltyi
than in what you have discovered, that at the very time
wheu they were sending you ambassadors after ambassa-
dors, the}- wero tampering with tiie ui)per nations, our al-
lies, to make peace with them, independent of you, lou
have at least derived from this knavery, the advantage of
having exposed them iu presence of the deputies of these
nations, and iu letting the litter know from the Iroquois
themselves, that the IroqucJs had no idea of including
them iu the pretended treaty, .and you are more certainly
assured of their tielelity, and the conlideu(;e they shouli'.
feel, that the khig will not aband(Mi them. This being
so, every means must be adopted to wage war vigorous-
Iv on the Iroquois. His Majesty will make au eiibrt to
put you iu a couditiou to do so." ''

' Traitu should iiurluipsbe traiiu', K!, 10'.)."). N. Y.CdI. Doc. ix., p. 58S
lironriistiimtci!, iiroloui;rd. rauadu Uoc, I. v., p. ii'JS.

'■* FoiitohiuH'aiu lo Fruuteuuc, Apr.

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IJ IS TORY 01' NEW FUANt'E.

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'695' Pcoplo in j^fuural, wore far from roguriliug tlio Gov-

'^^'^"'^ I'mor-tioiiortirs piitiouco us ffivorably us tho Court did.
Thcyicncw Most of thoHO who saw tilings ulosciiy, iluuiui'd it an er-
ror to allow the Ii'oqixois to supposo us dupos of thuir had
faith, and thoy wore more than oonliruiod in this opinion,
M'hijn these Indians, after several intrigues to seduce from
us their countrymen of Hanlt St. Louis, and tho Mountain,
wIkj had been well nigh gained, seeing all their tricks dis-
covered, began to reappear all around our settlements, and
peri)etrat(! their usual eruellii'S and [)lundering

Tho vigilance and activity of the Governor of Montn;al
foiled, indeed, most of their measures. One of the chiefs
of Sault St. Louis, who had secretly entered into negotia-
tion with them, wus e.\[)clled from the village ; the Sieur
do la Motte Cadillac, who had succeeded Mr. de Louviguy
at Michillimackinac, found means to induce tho Indians of
his district to attack the common enemy, who were making
great exertions to detach them from our side ; but all this
did not prevent our farmers from being in constant alarm,
the Iroquois lying in ambush everywhere, and swooping
down to butcher them in sight, and almost under the can-
uou of their forts.'
Insolent These hostilities had been preceded by very insolent
tioiis'iif propositions from the Cantons, who at tiie very moment
dVaij.-i."' when they ceased to pretend a desire for peace, resunu'd
their fcjrmer haughty attitude. They began by asking
that tlie G(jverii'>r-General should send tluiu, in his turn,
deputies to treat at their towns, and as a first i)relinuuary
they insisted ou a total cessation of hostilities on our part,
and that of our allies, either against them, or again.^t tho
Enghsh."

Such insolence in an I'uemy whom it was not deemed
imi)ossible to humiliate ; the necessity of doing so, if wo
would avoid losing all the credit wo had regaiuetl in the

I N. Y. ('(.1, Doc, ix., p rm-8. Ca.lillac, Aug. 3, lO'Jo.
Dt; la Potlicrii', iv., j). Hi. I-a Mottn '•' See N. Y. t'ol. Doc. ix., p. 500.

ITISTORT OF NEW FRANCE.

2G5

»i

minds of tlio Iinliixns, ami tlio mortificiitiou of liclioltliiij^ 1^95.
tho very hoail ami coutro of tho colony boconiu iij^'ain tlio "-^r—- '
tlicatro of a war, wlicrc all was risktHl without any liopo of
gain, niailo those whom jiast cx[)ui'ii'nL'o alanned for tho
future, tlosire to havo all the forces of Canada assembled
in order to go nnd make tho eaiitoiis repent their not
profiting liy the inclination we had evinced to grant them
a favorable peace ; hut the Count do Froutenac was not
of this opinion.

He made up liis mind positively, that tho best remedy ^ r'!",'',',!^^
for the dreaded evils, was to restore Fort Catarocouy, '' 'J.()j.„'jj'"'"
and lie resolved to carry out this design, which he had
never lost sight of a moment, since his return from
France, whatever obstacles had to bo overcome to ef-
fect it. No sooner did he avow this resolution, than
^Iv. de Champiguy, and all jM.'rsous in office, strongly
represented to him the dangerous C()nrte(iuences which
might result from au enterprise in which ho alono ."-'aw
advantages that no one was convinced of, adding that
the regulars, and militia, who W(3uld havo to bo em-
ployed at it, would be much better employed in curbing
the insolence of the Iroquois. They reminded him
that the cantons having more than once asked the res-
t(n'ation of that post, it was not only granting them a
favor that they did not deserve, but also receiving from
them the law which *^hey seemed disposed to impose on
us by force of arms.

These representations did not influence the General. Asiainst tho
Ho replied that if he stood alono in his opinion, ho Avould .I'lniuu.
follow it. He at onco set out for Montreal, reaching it on
tae 8tli of July, escorted by a hundred and ten Canadians
from the districts of Quebec and Three Rivers. He raised
also one hundred and i'dty militia, from that of Montre.il,
two hundred soldiers, and as many Indians, with thirty-six
otticers. which made nearly 700, all picked men, wIkj under
tho command of tho Chevalier de Crisasy, selected by the
General for this cxpoditiou, would have been enough to
bring the Iroquois to their senses. Tho prejjaratious were

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And the

niSTuHY OFN/,W FRANCE.

juiulo witli incicdiblo ('X]ici'liti()u, (uul tlio army moved as
Koouiistlio convoy was roiuly.'

Tilt' noxt diiy Mr. il(! Froiiti'iiac roccivod a letter from
Mr. do Poiitclmrtniiu, iu wliich that minister iu formed hi la
that tiio Kinj,' did not approvo his dosi^'u ;" for he, himself,
or perhaps some of those who dissuaded liim, had written
to the court. Uut he took ui)ou iiimself to disrcigard (iiis
intimation. " I believed," said Mr. do Champigiiy, in a let-
ter to do Pontchartrain, dated August 11th, " that ho would
chai) ^0 his design, as Iio might easily have done. For this
purpose I suggested endless reasons," but all in vain, ex-
cept iu that ho sent orders to reduce the garrison twenty
men." In another letter on the 17th, ho adds, " The ex-
pedition to Cataroconv has ri'turned ; the fort is n.'stored,
forty-eight men have renuiined there, although Mr. do
Frontenac assured mo that only tliirty were to stay. This
expense miglit have been much more \;sefully employed in
striking an important blow at tho Iroquois, who were otl'
their guard, and supposed tliat they had lulled us by
their pretended negotiations. Our allies had lost all
thought of making terms with them, as they nre now do-
ing, we are informed, seeing that wo do nothing against
them. The Hurons have already scut three canoes there ;
the Foxes and Mas'joutins are just the men to join the can-
tons against the Sioux ; the former oven speak of going
to settle iu their country. In one word, la Motto Ca-
dillac writes, that wo are going to loso them all, unless
wo remedy it, by forming a grand expedition against tho
Irocjuois, and couviuciug our allies that wo really intend
to destroy that nation.

Count do Fronteuao thought very dillerently, both as
to the designs which lie had just carried out, and as to
tho expedition in which he had not deemed proper to

) ; i

' Di! la Mntti^ OmUllac, Relation, ' Pimtcliartrain to Frnulcnac, Apl.

1G04-5. N. Y. Col. Ddc, is., p. UO'.). 10, 10U5. N. Y. Col. i)oc., is., p.

De la i'..tln.'1'k', llistuire ilc I'Aiuu- OS!).

riciiU! Sc'iil., iv,, \>. i'J. Cuuaila Dot'., ^ See hit* nasons, N. Y. Col. Doc,

II., vii., !>. 2;i(i. ix., p. 591-1.

aa

Iroiu
him

|tt(3U

(liis
lot-

lOUkl

this

\, IX-

iity

HISTORY OF NEW FHANCE.

267

eiigaji^o ; and it may bo said that sotting asido tho sue- I'lQS.
ccHs of tho rt'sulutiuu tliiit h(! udoplcd iif^'ainst tho opiiiioii
of all tilt" (•iilit,'litt'U(!il jxisoiis ill tho colony, {Uul uiiich
did not outin.'ly moot liis oxipoctution, lio smuod to ivasoii
(jiiito correctly. E(iuity, fiKiu wliioli un historian should
iiovor sworvo, compols nio to adduce his roiisons. In tiio
uccount whicii ho f^avi! tlio niinistor of liis conduct in tho
juuttor, ho thus oX[)rossoH hiiusolf ;

"Tlio oxp(Hlition for Fort Frontonac had started several
days hi'foro tho i( ropliou of your li;ttor, and any abandon-
jnt.'iit of that ontorpriso, of which tho hoael chiefs of tlio
Ottawas had Iioou eye witnossos, would so havo doproeiat-
ed tlio Ficiicli ill tlioir minds, liy tho stronj^ iiupn^ssion
they would rocoivo of our woakiuis", or of our dosir>' to re-
new no^'otiations with tho onomy, that it wonkl havo suf-
ficed to uliouato thein entirely from lis, or at least make
thciu tliiniv ul contracting peace without our intervention,
especially after tho joy wliicii they Inul pulilicly manifested
that by this restoration thoy mij,'htho])o to liudau assnicd
rofiif^o in any expedition they might undortalco against tho
Irotpiois. This operation has boon successfully carried
out at slight expense, and iu a short time. We havo not
lost a single man, and though I ilid nut propose ;it present,
to do more than repair with palisades the broaches found
iu tho fort, thoy were able to rebuild them with stone iu a

week, without its costing the king a sou

Some wished mo to go this year with all our regulars,
jn'ovincials, and allies, drums lioating, and cany Ononda-
ga. I did not deem it oxpodiont • 1st, because I had not
sulUcient force to do it ; 'indly, i.ot to leave the country
stripped, exposed to tho iueuisious of tho English, who
might pounce upon Montreal, by way of CImmbly ; IJrdly,
from the i.si'lessness of an enterprise which would result
merely iu burning cabins ; for if tho Indians had no time
to call iu the English, they would infallii)ly retire to tho
woods with their families. The example of what occurred

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268

HISTOUY OF NEW FRANCE.

■ «^.

i6(;5. after do Dciiouvillo's expoditiou agiiinst tlio Hi'Ui'c'iis, justi
lies suliic'ieiitly nil I say, auil showa us that the dcstructiou
of an Inxjuois ,;(> is uot the way to deliver us from

their incursioiis.

The easiest and least expeusivo inoaus to succeed, is to
continue to harass and anuoy them so, hy constant war
parties, that they will uot dare to leave their own towns.
This the restoration of Fort Fronteuac "ill enable us to
do. If his Majesty resolves to attack Fort Pemkuit next
year, it will give a new impulsi- to the boldness of the In-
dians of those parts. ... It would oven bo desirable
that he slinnld extend that expedition so as to bombard
Boston and Manhattan, which is not, in my opinion, very
dilHcult ; this would at a single stroke enable us to put
au end to the war in this country.'"

It would not ha .o been impossible to answer a part, at
least, of the Count do Frontenac's allegations in justitica-
tiou of his enterprise ; yet it is true that it was not easy to
decide whetlier this design had most drawbacks or advan-
tages ; both of which wore exaggerated by the dillerent
parties ; for if tiiero was obstinacy, or, if you will, private
interest in the motives, which impelled the Governor-Gen-
eral to act, the zeal of some of his opponents does not seem
exempt from pique and prejudice ; it was his misfortune
that too many people shared the discontent.

However, no one can refuse to the Chevalier de Crisasy
the justice of saying that in carrying out the orders ho re-
ceived from his general, he dis[)]ayed a conduct which won
for him commendation even from thosii most hostile to the
exiH'dition committed to him. In a fortnight he advanced
one hundred and twenty leagues through almost t«ontinual
rapid.s, and rebuilt Fort Catarocouy. Nor did his zeal
and vigilance halt here ; before r<turning to Montreal, ho
lient out as seouts, I'ighty Indians divided into small
squads, and to this precaution, it may be said, as much aa

ThiB doppatch is not in the N. Y. Co], Doc., or Canada Documente.

I .

UlSTOUY OF NEW FRANCE.

269

^!

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lliat Iho

Ini'iiioi."

were on

till' wiir-

inilli.

to tho valor of some of our oflicors soon to bo meiitioncJ,

(lid the colony owo its being happily ablo to gather in tho ^^

crops in pence.

In fact, forty of his scouts having gone towards Ouou- Tim; ly

'' , waniina

ilaga, some of thorn wIkj had advanced to the river Chou-
guen,' saw thirty-four Inxjuois canoes come down, and even
heard sonic of tlie lutlians telling each other that they
would soon pay the French and their iSault St. Louis bre-
thren a visit, that they did not expect. Tho other parties
confirmed the statement that a great number of Iroquois
were on the war path ; all returned with such celerity as to
give llie Ciovernor of Montreal opportunity to put his posts
lieyond reai-h of insult, and enable the Count do Fronteuao
to collect a force of eight hundred men on Isle Perrot."

The enemv, nevertheless, advanced to Montreal, and oven

*' Tlic cncmv

laniled in sniidl scjuads on that island, whore they toma- (icf.aicd by

hawked some of tlie settlers. The Governor-General, on lymantiiyo.
being informed of it, deemed it expedient to divide his
little army, and scatter it among the parishes to cover tho
r(>apers. This arrangement disconcerted all tho plans of
the Iro(piois, a considerable body of whom were defeated
back of Boucherville, by Mr. de la Durantaye." Thero
were some other surprises at the hands of these Indians,
but with no great result. Thus ended the campaign in tho
centre of tho colony. Its commencement had been still
more disastrous to the Irocpiois in the West.

Mr. de la Motte Cadillac had, as we have remarked, at
last induced the Indians near his post to make incuvsious
on the common enemy. They met witli success and brought
in a great many prisoners to ^lichillimackinac. Tho Iro-
cpiois wished to avenge this on the French, and marched
in force to compel the Miamis to declare against them ;

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' Oswejro. Miiifran, I.i'airiii- of tin- iicilition to T'oitFrontrnaccoHt 12000

IrDiiuois, )). ITl, ilitiiioH it : Swut,'t'li, livns, lli. p. (i.JU. Di' lu Potherie.

FU'winirout. iv., pp. lll-.Vi.

■■ H.'latinii, &(•., 101)1-."). N. Y. ' 111., pp., 7o-0. N. Y. Col. Doc.,

Col. Doc, i.x., p. OlS-0'.]-i. TUu Ex- ix., p. 02«.

.ill

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lIISn^HY OF NKW FlUNCE.

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Tri'iiclicry

Iliiriin
tUkf.

1695. lU'tt'i'iniiieil, if tlicy rofusoil, to drive thorn theiusflvos from

^"""^ "" fit. Joseph's rivor, whoro thoro was a hirf,'i' town of thcwo

Andiiy Mr. IiKliiiiiH. Fortunately, ^tr. Ho Courtf^iauucho wiis ii> tlio

luali'l'i'io. tovu with soiuo Ciiuiuliiiiis, wliou tho Iro(iU()is iii)iH'!iroil.

Ho joined tiio Miiunis, luid fell so snddinly on tiiosi- sav-

ngoH, wlio uover droamod of Huch a tliinj,', and did not know

tho Frcnc-li to bo thcro, that, after kilHnf,' and wouuihng a

considorabK) number, he ol)h{^od tho rest to take lliyht iu

great disorder.

This rovorso was keenly felt ; but they woro soon con-
soled by the peilidy of a Huron chief, styled by our Cana-
dians, the Baron, lie was a dauj,'er()us man, and tho
French, whose natural enemy ho was, did not sullleiently
distrust him. lie had i)rovoutod the Michillimackinao
Hnrons from f^oinj,' t) war like tho rest, and iio had for
some time been iu eorn'sponiU-uco with the Irociuois. Ho
uevertheless eoncealeil his intrij,'Uo with a dexterity and
secrecy, of wliicli no one scare 'ly but Indians, and espe-
cially the Hurous, are capable, and while ho wont him.solf
with tho deputies of our allies to make loud protestations
of eternal attachment before tho G(Jvernor-Cleueral, ho
had sent to tho Sonocas, his sou, with thirty braves to-
tally devoted to him.

They cou(;luded a treaty with that canton, in which
tiiey included tho Ottawas, and when the whole intri^Mio
was disclosed, the bond was so well knit, that la Motto
Cadillac was unable to break it. That commandant suc-
cooded, nevertheless, iu suspi-mlin^ the execution of tho
treaty, at least on the part of tho Ottawas, but the JJa-
ron, who had thrown oil' the mask, no longc^r used any
sul)torfuge, and tho French consoled themselves with lln>
thouf,'ht that an unmasked onemy is le.ss to bo fi-ared
than a i)erlidious ally, OHpecially of the character of this
man, who moreover was neither avowed nor followed by
all his village.
Another thing annoyed iho Siour do la Motto Cadillac

' Relation. &c., I(i04-i). N. Y. ('otliiTli-, Histoirc de rAmuriiiue
Cv\ D()c, ix., p. 00:J, ^^■., Di' la Hi-pi , iv., p. 15, \c..

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HISTORY OF NinV FKANCK.

271

and iiKlncod him to plan tlic dt'imtatioii iilludtul to. Tlio i^?.
[iidiiiiis of Ills distiii't {■oiii])l;iiiH'd at ;dl times, of tlio "-'^•^-~^
dcariu'ss of our floods, wiiiidi wore, in fact, cxci'ssivcly i>,iii,.y (,f
lii;^'li. Ct'i'taiidy iiotliin;,' lias doiu! us {^'loater pi'fjudii'C! in a,'.'"., >J',,','[u
Canada, ospcicially in tliosi- critical times, than disre;,'ai(l *'"''"''^-
to conduct that moro than once put us in danger of seeing
tlie tribes, whose cominenv" was most necessary to us, pas3
from our alliance to that of our enemies.

Till! commandant of Michiliimackinac, unaWo of himself
to remedy this evil, of which better than any other man, ho
could foresee the <hin^erous (!onse(|neiices, endeavored to
strike the (Joveinor-Creneral and Inteiidant on this essen-
tial point, and ob'igo them to arrest it. Ho suggested to
the deputies, >vhom he sent to Montreal uikLu- another pro-
text, to present a licit to ask a reduction in the price of
goods, and insist on the jioint, as one which they were de-
termined not to give up. They did so, and even went ii
little further than la Motto Cadillac inteudod ; tiny ap-
pc^ared before the Count do Frontenac as men who pro-
jiosed peace or war ; and on oll'eiing the belt, did not con-
ceal their intention to pursue their (jwii ctjurse, if their de-
maiul was not granted.

Such a proposition, made with a menacing air, could not ,.,

' ' . U liiit oe-

be fas.irably received, a:id the belt was haughtily rejecled. ninvd tio-

Tiie treiu'ral reiiroachcd the depiitii's, as their insolence .ii|im'hs i.f

desi'rved ; but as the mover of the plan had foreseen, he ;iii(l Cuimt

new liow to mingle with liis marks ot resentment, expres- „ar.

sions and manners which disclosinl more kiiuhiess than

anger; so that it was easy for the Indians to uiiderst:ind

that tho prices of the goods would be made satisfactory.

But as in their aihlress they had used expressions to con-

ve}- tho idea that, irdepi'iident of this coiisi(h'ration, they

were not over anxious t(j continue tho w.ir, the Crcnoral

evinced great compassion (or their lilindness, which pro-

voutod their seeing their true interest.

Ho added that for his part he was bent on c.irryiug ou

tho war; that he would have been de'iglited to see .all his

children joiu him to avougo the blood of so many of their

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niSTOUY OF NEW FUAN("E.

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1695. Vn-otliron ; Imt that lie rcnlly tlul not ncoil tlioni ; tlmt ho
'-^^Y'"-' could not pnnisli thorn for their indocihty, bcUfr than l)y
loiiviny thoui froo to do as they pkisisod ; tliat llicy slioulil
only rcmombor thf) warning ho gave tlicm, that tho Iro-
quois would novor havo any ]H)icy couooruiuy iiioiu, except
to destroy them, and that oxporiouco sliould havo tau^^ht
tliem, that tlio Irocpiois Houj,'ht to seduce theui from his
alliance only to bo able more easily to ollbct their design.
Firmness so well seasoned, astonished tho deputies, and
especially set the Hunni ohiif thinking; but it did not
make him break tho silenco ho iiad hitherto kept ; ho mere-
ly said that ho had boon entrusted with no word from his
nation ; that he simply had orders to hear what his father.
Ouonthio might say, and report to his brethren. The Gener-
al, however, informed of all his iutriguiss, told him that dis-
simulation was listless ; that ho knew and did not fi.'ar him.
Meanwhile the Ottawas and Nipissings, assured do Fron-
tonac that they had no part in anything that man did to dis-
please him, and the latter added that they would not re-
turn homo ; but that thoy wore resolved to remain by their
Father to witness tho outori)rise he was about to carry out.'
A 8inu Some time bofovo,' Mr. le iSueiir brought to Montreal
(ieiuiiirs quite a large convoy from the western end of Lake Su-
proicctioii. pj^,j.jQp_ While do Frontenac was giving orders to the In-
dians who had accompanied him, a Siou chief approached
him with a very sad air, laid his hands on his knees, and with
streaming eyes, begged him to take pity on him ; that all
tho other nations had their Father, and that ho alouo
was like a forsaken child. He then si)read out a beaver
skin on which he arranged twenty-two arrows, and taking
them one after another, he named for each a village of his
nation and asked the general to take them all under his
protection. This tho Count do Frontenac promised ; but
since that time no means havo been taken to retain
the people in our alliance. Nevertheless considerable

' N. V. (.'ol. 1»(K-.. ix, ]i, (i:;i-2 Of la I'.jlli.'rii'. iv.. p. 32.

' ThiH wan July 18. lb., p. (ilU : tiioux chief was TiuHkatin.

The

h

niSTOHY OF NKW KUANCK.

273

l»>iithor and wool mi-^lit bo dtiivwl from thorn, tlio vast i^";?.

plains whieh they inhabit bum- l-ovoiihI witli tho cattlo < '

uhoady moro than onoo dosciiboil'

Moanwhilo tliu En^'lisli, suro of tho Iroiiuois and n--
liovod from idl foars as to New York, had onoo movo „'',','.'; i'',!; ,'r)„
luado it their wiiolo study to smliu-o from us tho tribes in ,„t;';u,l"'l'i,..
Acadia. Sevou Abon.niuis having gono to ri;mkuit with '^''^"■"i ''■••
u Hag of tnioo woro arrostod : throo woru taken prisoners
to IJoston, and tho four otiiers were butchered on the way.'
rhips had rocuutly died in England,' and no successor
had been appointed. Uuo Stoughton commanded in
New England under a simple commission." Erom him
tho Abeuacjuis ilomamled their counrynieu arrested
against tho law of nations, and tho Hag vvhich sIkhiUI
have proved a safeguard ; ho replied only by furious
reproaches as to their last hostilities, and he added tho
most terrible threats, if they did not surrender all
those concerned in them.

They replied in a similar tone;' nevertheless both
sides grew calmer; Stoughton not wishing to exasperate

' Lo Sueur wu nt up to thy Sioux
CDuntry from IvouiBiaua, in l(J!i'J-
ITUO. 1,11 llurpt*. Journal Ilititoriiiuc,
I). 38, Early Voyugi-u up iind down
till' Missiswippi, ii. s'J ; Penicuul, Ue-
lation, MSS.cli. ii., § 1, ch. iii., c;' 1,
2. Le Sueur wan a kintjuiiin of
dibervillf, aud wan at IJlifgoiniegon
in l(i!):J. ill! returned lo France in
170J, and died on Lin way l>uck to
Louisiana, La Harpe, p. 21. Fa-
tlier Ouiguaa iicconipanied unot'.icr
French party to the Sioux country in
1728. Early Voyages, p. U!r.

The extended use of \nxt\ of the
bisoQ waH alBoouu of La Sulle'ei pro-
jects.

■■' They were killed at Saco. Re-
lation, 4c., 1094-.'). N, Y. Col. Doc,
Jx., p. Ol;j ; De la Potherie, Uigtoire
de lAmerique Sept., iv., p. 3l>-
40.

^HediedFeh. is, ii;i».-), llutcU-
innon, lli.st. .\Itt»«icliu.s(tis, ii., ;>. ,sl.
cites a h-tler of .lolin I'ike to tho
(ioverniir. l'einiii|ui(l. .Iiiri. 7, l(i',)l,
(V'O unrriiting the nei/uri' of Honia-
zeeu aud othriH al l'iiimc|uicl noon
after the iitiiiirn al (frulou aud Oyster
river, llutcliinniin says hecouldfind
nothing as to any killed at Saco.

' NVilliain Sloughlon, n<pu of Col.
Urael Stougliton,(:<iiuinaiidiT in tho
l'e(|Uot war. Hi' was a graduate of
Harvard, and wan a cliTgyuiau in
Kngland. llr came to New Kng-
laiid in lOOJ, and becaine a iiiagis-
trate. councillor, chief juntice, and
in l(i!W lieutenaut governor, adiuin-
intering as surli from KIDl to KiUU,
Ileilieil ,Inly 7, 1701.

' Mee this correnjioudfiice, N. Y.
Col. Doc, ix , p. Oil ; Do lal'otherie,
iv., p. 40-2, Jan. 21, 1G95.

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They ro-

Kolvi^ on

lliSTOUY or NKW lltANCK.

utterly nioii, w)i<» could inspire fear, ami tlii-y, willing on
any tnius to rescue their kiiisnieii from the hands of
the Englisii, fully resolved, after succeeding in this, to
nvengo the Mood of those Ixitchorod. But loiirning that
tho English while negotiating wen* actually taking steps
to Huri)rise them, they Hew to arms.
They were nevertheless still convinced that their enemies
vcnjfiiiucu. y^.^,y^, musters at soa, and that tho French durst not ajjpear
before them. Tlijs consideration arrested tiieni ; imt the ar-
rival of a royal vessel' commanded Ity de IJonaventure, who
umdo several captures on the neighl)oring coast, and liie
presents which that ollicer handed them in his Majesty's
nurau, disabused them, and made them resolve to do tiie
English all tlio injury they could. Wo shall soo in the
following hook how tiiey earritul this out.

Towards the close of the year there was every reason to
boliovo that a considerable armament was preparing in
England and at Boston, intended for Newfoundland. Pla-
coutia was in a wretched position, and do Frontenac con-
jointly with de Cliampigny represented to the Minister
that the loss of that place would entail great embarrass-
•uui ^ in tho negotiations for peace which wore likely to
-.uionce soon.
KronKnac Tlicso gentlemen then proposed that iu tho spring ten
piuiiv pro- or twelve men of war should leave the ports of Franco to
engage the English s(juadron, which was to go to sea about
the saiU(! time, and then i)rocecd to capture Boston. Tlu^y
represented that that city carried on an extensive trade,
aud that once mast(>rs of it, wo would absolutely control
all tho tisheries. Tiiis was a very liue project, aud nioro
easy to l)e carri(!d out than was supposed in France ; but
the King had other views, and men were not as well in-
formed in France as they were in Canada, of tho importance
of weakening tho English power on tho coutiiieut of North
Amoi'ica.

' Till' Eiivirux at l'<;ntnfroi"'t, N. tin' St. .lolin's. .ind liondlcd it so

Y. Col. Doc., ix., p. (ilT, Dclii Pothc- roUf,'hly tlint Euuis whh j^lud to va

rie, iv , p. 47. Hi' entingi^J tlii> ISnr- cii\iv to Uoston. UutcliiusuD, Hia

linjrs, C'npt. Earns, at the nioutb of tory of MaeeachuBt-ttB, p. 87.

iitliick
Bustuii.

f ^

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iiisrouv i) Ni:.V m:amk

'J<J

His MajoHty's couiicil m'c<)nliiii,'l\- liinitnl il-< imij cIh i'.; ■
for tho onsuiiif^ (■iiiu|)iii;4U to cxpclliir^ tlio I'ii;,'lisli I'lom '— , — '

tho postH occupioil by tlioin in NV\vf«»iiiitIliui(l, from Fort ,,|., , ,,,

roiulvuit, l)y which Uusy kispt all Acadiu in check; ,hkI '""yM; ''-.'"
from all llicy hail left Hiiilson's Hay. Tho Pomknil ex- !•''•• •
poilitiou was, it seems, to be mado at tho Kiu^^'s oxponso ;
niitl tho two others at tho oxpoiiso of tho Northern Com-
pany. It is certain that his Majt-sty committod tho first
to (I'lberviilo, and ile Bonaventun-.

As early as Fel)niary, orders were siMit to >[r. l$oj,'ou,
Intondant of Kochellts to eijuip at llochofort tho Envioux
nnd Profond, and the instrnctions fjivt^n to the two com-
mandants dirocteil, after rodueiiij,' Fort Pemknit, to raze it
to tho t,'round. and tiien proceed to restore tho fort at tho
month of tho St John's; tiieiico to dispa'ch do SeriL^ny
with tho Draf^cm.commaudtd by him, to the head of Hnd-
sou's Bay, while they proceede<l to Nowfouadland, there
to join several vessels from St. Malo, which would In* there
awaiting' him, and all, in (-onctirt with Mr. do Bronilhiri,
Oovoruorof Placontia, attacked tho English by land and
by sea. Wo shall see in its proper place the succoss of
those various expeditions.

In regard to tho Iroquois war, tho count do Pontchartriiin ^^'}y}* "m
thus wrote to tho Governor General and Intondant in th" tiiomjiit of

tliclidinKiU

montii of May, lt'>9<5 : " It seems to his Majesty that tlu! war.
Inupiois war, especially in these later limes, has had no '^'9^'-
cause except a jealousy of th<' commerce; with the upper
tribes, and with New York ; their position ^'ivinj,' tiuiii a
great advantaj^e ft)r botli. He uNo thinks that tin; aliena-
tion of tho Ottawas and other tribes of tlioso remote ((uar-
ters sj)rings from the fact that tho French by their ex
tended excursions into tlie interior have usurped tho
trade, which those tribes had witli tlio others lyin;,' fur-
ther north, ami that, in fine, bushlopinfj; more unbridled
than ever, in spite of prol-ibitions, is tlie source of all tho
troubles of the colony, and has ^'iven ri.se toestablisliments
which, by dividing, scatter it and defeat the views en-
tertained by his Majesty for reuniting and encouraging the
colonists iu agriculture."

Hi
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27t)

IIISTOKY OF Ni:\V FKANf'F

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i'x/k T\u) ininisttT luMs tliiit tlio Kiii^', after coiisi.lcriii;^' tli'» ro-
"'■^'""^ jMirt of ill* FroutoiKU! iiiul dn ('liiiiu|iij^'ny <>ii Hn' mifiivor-
iililo tlispositioa of our iilli<vH ami tin? (litliciillii's of iiii f\-
cosrtivo (ixpoiiHo for coimuuuu'iitiou with thoin on iicirouiit of
tlio wnr, liml resolvt-d, \)\ tlio iulvicoof tln' most cxiu riciiciMl
persons, to iil)iUiiloii Mifliilliniiu-kiiiiic and tlie other ad-
vanceil posts, excojit l''orl ih' 8l. Louis in tht) llhnois, wiiieh
tlie Kill},' wislieil niaintiiini'd, on condition that tho Sii'UiH
de lii Fovi t and Tonti, to whom iio rosorvod tho conees-
hion, should not briuL; or causo to bo l)rou;4ht any heaver in-
to tho c'oh)ny.'

I have been unabhi to ascertain on whoso advice tlio
Kiiif^'s eouneil adopted tiiis resohition. Tho oxcursions of
the Canadians into now countries certainly mined tho
commcrco of Now Trance, introduced fearful libertinaj^'e,
rendered the nation contemptible amonj^ all tho tribes on
the continent, and raised au iusurmountablo obstacle to tho
l)ro;,'ress of reli;^'ion. Still the romodies which his Majesty
seu.^ht to apply, were utterly imi>racticablo in tho actual
position of th(! colony, since it is ctu'tain that the Euj^lisii
would have seized tin* advanced posts as sooii as we evacu-
ated them, auil we sl.ould thus at ouco have as euomios all
tho tribes f;athere 1 near tho posts by our intluonco. Now if
those tribes onci! joined the Iroipiois and En^dish, one
siiif^lo campaign would suffice to expel tho Frouch from
Now Franco.
On tho other hand, Frontenac was at last convinced of
«)iii;iiHi<M til,; indisi)ensable uecossity of makin'' an oll'ort to subduo
towMKtd US. tho Iroipiois. Ho had especially seen this in tho disi)o-
sitiou evinced b}' tlie Iroipiois at the last :uidienco ho liad
given them; but what completely decided hhu to show
himself in. tho cantons with all his forces, was tho intilli-
genco which came in from all ([uarters, of tho bad imjires-
sion produced evtn'ywhere by the inaction of tho French, iu
spite of tho hopes with which he had so long cajoled his
allies, of a groat oxpoditiou against tho common foo.

' Ijoiiis XIV. to Fronu-nac and Yurk Colonial Docum'.'utB, ix., p.
("lmiii|i{j:iiy, \l;iv 'ill, UiUii. NfW 6o7.

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V

IllSTOUY OK NKW KKANCK.

TluH nisoliitioii iul()|itci], |i(' notified the (•oiiuimiKlaiit (t( i'"y''
Micliilliiimkiimc liy u Frt'iuiliiimii, whom lu( Hciit up with ■— > — '
tlio Ottiiwii ilopiitifH wlioii ii'tuniin^ homo. This I'uvoy
foiiiKl tli(! HiiMir (1(1 hi Mott(» Cudilliu; in f^'icat (lillioulty.
liiKluois iimhiissadors liad Ixiin nu-civ^d by tlio Iiidiiiiis of
hin post, and hud olitiiiucd from thisin nil tliny di'sircd.
Thin cumo of tho Huron's iiitrif^nios. Not only had they
fonchidcd u treaty with tlio Jiiirons and Ottawas, but had
also induced lliem to join our onemics to make war on us.

In vain did la .Molti Cadiliai; exert himself to obtain ad- Mr, .ic u
niissi(m to their oonfereuccs ; but Uua»k(', chief of tho Kis- , ^'I'l'i |'^,,
kakon Ottawas, had informed him of all that had passed. {',','!";v,h"J,'',
Tliere was notiiiii-' to do liiil to disconcert these intriuues, •"■'k'' w^ir
but this became still more dillicult idler the return of tho Ir'"i"'»ii.
deputies who had bueu at Montreal, and durin^^ whose ab-
Honeu all this had been plotted. On arrivinf^, hcso deputies
announced that all the French were dead; this is a com-
mon expression with the Indians, to mean that everythinj^
is desporatt'. They declared, in particular, that wa durst
not appear at sea, that wo had neither wine uor brauily,
aiid that they came back in tho very shirts they had worn
to Montreal, Onouthio not beiny in a ptjsitiou to givo them
others.'

In this extremity la Motto Cadillac was not disconcerted ;
the Frenchman who had accompjinied tho deputies having
handed him l(>ttors from the (rovernor (ieneral, informing
him of the various advantages recently gaincil by our men
over the Iroijuois, he made tho very most of them, es-
pecially of hi Durantaye's action n(;ar Douchervillc. IIo
then ded.ired thitt in spite of the scarcity of goods, caused
hy tiie delay of the vessels from France, which hud laieii
prevented by head winds, and not by any fear of the En-
glish, from arriving as early as usual, ho would givo all that
was left in his stores, at tho same prices that thoy had
always brought, and would even allow them credit.

This oiler had a very good ell'ect ; Oaask('' and somo

t (

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iz., p.

' Itolation, &c., 160.V0, N. Y. Col , Dm-, is., p. 044.

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Defeat of

Iroijimis.

IIIHTORY uV MA\ FliANtK.

otlior ciniMfmricH of 11 c foimimiMlaiit ])r<>filt'(l liv it to op u
IIk^ eves of tilt' most cXfitcd, to tlm ('oiihci|||('IIC4'S of thi)
Hti'p tlu'V liii'l just tiikcn, ami whoii tlm Siciir ilo l:i Mottn
('julilhic Hiiw tliciii wiivcr ho iiHscinlilcil tlioiii. \lo told
tlii-m tlmt IiDWcvcr littlo tlicv rttli'ctcd rn nil tliiit had oc-
curred siiici' hi' hiid hciii miioiij^ tht'iri, thtiy would sci' Hint
it was not lii> who hud (h*t'i'ivt«d tln'iu, nn th«>y liiid t-oni-
liliiiiicd ill iiiiniciisnn'd tonus; liiit th.it thi\v had ht tvil-
iiiiiidt'd iiitMi, whom tlicy oii<,dit to distrust, scdun' tiiciii.

As Im perceived that this reproach touched them, Im
deemed it useless to inaku them a Ioniser a<ldress, and
without K'^'"';-> tlieiu time to consult, he proposed to them
to send out several parties aijainst the Iroipiois, who were
actually hunting' with the lliiroiis and some Ottawiis.
Such is the deplorahle condition of those, who liave to
Rovurn Hrtvaf,'es without faith or principles of honor, never
to rely ontheir word, and often to seo no otlior means to
avoid heiiit^ victi'iis of their porlidy, than their very facili-
ty ill i)etrayiiiL{ tlieir oath, from no motive liut their natur-
al tickleiioss. The Ottawas had just violated tho faith thoy
had so often sworn to us, new oaths had bound them to
tho Iroipiois, and thoy becamo their cuomios again on tbo
si)ot.

Sc.ircely had la Motto Cadillac coasod speaking when
(liiaske, Ouilamek, a Pcmteouatami chief and an Algoiupiin
named Alikinac, having declared themselves chiefs of tho
expedition, they soon gatheri'd a consichu'ablo body of
warriors. Some Hurons at onco hastened to warn the Iro-
quois, who at tirst took Hight, but our braves woro so ex-
peditious that they overtook tliem. They fought fiercely on
the banks of a river ; but the Iroijuois wen? at last forced
to omhtavor to escape by swimming. The victors brought
back thirty scalps to Mieliillimakinac, and lert in thirty-two
prisoners with a booty of about tive hundred beaver skins.
Among the prisoners were many Hurons. These wero
handed over to their nation, wlio seemed aUected by this
cousidoration.'

' Ui'lation, &c., 1095-^, N. Y. Col. Doc., ix., p. 040.

H

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HIHT OHY (tFNi;W rit\N(E

Aftnr tliiH Hi>,'iiiil l)lt>w tlmro wiih ho fciir i»f iiuy nrranjro-
iiiKiit, lit loiiHt for tlitt iiioiii(<nt, l)i>twi'('ii tlio ()tt;i\viiH ami ^
till' lr()(|UoiHor tlio Kii^^lisli, wlm wi'ni tlin loscix liy tln' ,,^
raplini' of.tlin booty, tlitty liiiviM;^ inlvaiu'otl j^ooils to tin* "'
Ii-oquoiH, who wiTo to ^ivo tluiii llir in'oi'i-i'tlsof tlii'ir limit.
Homo timo lifter, d'Aij^ciitmiil iirriveil at Mii'liilliiiiiickiiiiic
from Moutreiil, with tiiliii^,'s of l-'roiitidiiii-'s (,'ifiit pii'itiini-
tioiiN to ^o iiiul iittiu'k till' Ii'o(|iiois ill their own coiiiitry. Do
III MottiiCadilliiciiiviti'd the Indians to join thfir FalluT; luit
lin inforiiiiMl tlunu that hu luadu this invitation on his own
ri'spoiisihility, having rmtoivcd no orders from his j^eimral.
On.iski' fust (U'claird that ho would j,'o and fi^lit undor
Ononthio's haiim r, and for sonio tiiiio tho ouiiiiiiandiiiit
thittorod hinisolf that a body of four hiiiidrod warriors
would go to swoU tho French army ; but various iiicidoiitH
broke up all his nieasures ; and there was evi-ry rt'asou to
believe that tho Huroiis had diverted this blow, out of ro-
ven^^o for tho injury iloiio tluuu at tho defeat of tho Iro-
quois.'

ifti/i.

ill-r.|l|in.

lU'fcut.

' Itolntloii, l(ill5-il, N. V.Cdl. Duc.ix., p. (il8.

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APPENDIX.

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DETAILS OX THE LIFE AND DEATH OF
SOME INDIAN CHRISTIANS.

I HAVE judged it impossible to close this volume better than by making
Known to those sincerely interested in the triumph uf religion, to what a
degree of sanctity, grace can, in the \ery centre of barbarism, elevate the
souls that are faithful to it. Only a few are selected, but they will suf-
fice to disabuse readers who are in good faith, but have allowed them-
selves to be easily prejudiced against these Indian missions ; to con-
found sinners who have not courage to burst the fetters at which they
blush, if they have still any religious principle ; and to make the true
faithful exalt the mercies of the Lord.

I

CATHARINE TEGAHKOUITA.

AN IKOQUOIS VIRGIN.'

New France has had her apostles and martyrs, and has given the
cluirch saints in all conditions, and I do not hesitate to say that they
would have done honor to the primitive ages of Christianity. Several I
have made known so far as the coiu'se of this histoiy permitted me. The
lives of some have been published ; but God, who exalted his glory
during their life-time by the great things which he eflectcd through
them ; by the lustre which their sanctity has diffused over this vast con-
tinent ; by the courage which ho inspired them to found with untold toil

' This lif« is drawn Crom that by Father
\Mvi Ch()lcu"c, (born July 29, 1040 ;
died at Qui'btc, Oct. 13, 172;i,) in the Let-
tres Eilifiantes, vol. sii., (Paris, 1717.)
Ki\)'8 Ji'suit Missions, pp, 81-11(5. The
source \vat> n more extended bi<igra])hy,
" La Vie de la B Catharine Tegakouita,
dicie a i)resent la Saincte Sauvagesse,"

still in manuscript, written in 1G9.'), by
Father Claude Chauchetiere, of the Pro-
vince of Aquitaiue, who came out to the
Canada mission in 1077, and died at Que-
bec Apr. 17, 1709. He also from memory
painted her portrait, often since copied,
and published in the Lettres EdifianteB,
and in La Potherio.

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IllS'l'OUV Ol' NEW FHANl'E

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a new Cliristoiuloiu auiiil tlio most f-arfiil li;irl):irisiii, luid to coiiu'ut iu
with their bhjoil, choso uoim of thiina to disphiy on their tDiuljH, iill thu
riehcH of his powor Mini nicroy ; but fMiif/rrod tlii.s honor on a young
uoopliyto, iihuo.st unknown to thu wliolo country duriny her hfe. For
iiioro thiin sixty years Hho hivH been reffurtlud as the Protectress of Ciiuad.a,
and it has been impossible to oppose a kind of ciiHm publicly rendered
to lior.'

This holy virrjin, so cclcbriitod under the name of Catharine Tegah-
kouita,-' was born iu lO.Ki at (landidiouague, a town in tho Mohawk
canton,^ of a lieatlien Iroipaois father and a Christian Algonquin mother.
She lost her motlii^r at t!ie ago of four, and was still (piite J'oung whot
her father died, leaving her to tho caro of one of her aunts, and
under tho control of an uncle who had tho chief authority in his village.
Tho small pox wliich she had in her infancy having weakeneil her sight,
she was long coinpoUod as it wore to remain in the corner of a cabin, lior
eye.i being unable to stand tho light, and this ri;tiremenl was tho lii'st
source of hur h.ippiness. What she did at lirst fi'om necessity, she con-
tinued to d ) IVoui ouoico, thereby avoiding whatever could cause hor to
los>! that mjral parity so dilliciilt to prosorvo amid idolatrous and thou
very dissolute youth.

As soou as she saw herself of age to act, she took on herself almost all
tho toil of thu household ; and this shielded iiur from two dangers, fatal
to most Indian girls ; I mean, private conversations and idleness. Her
relatives however wished her to usj tho decorations common to young
persons of hor sex, and altiiough slie yielded from simple compliance with
Ihiiir wishes, and with all possil)l(i r.^pu^n unite, it was a matter of much
scruple to hor, when, favored by tho light of faith, she learned how dan-
gerous it is to seek to please men.-'

The first knowledge that she acquired of Christianity, was imparted
by some misssionaries sent to tho Iro(p;ois afttn- Mr. do Trac3''s expedition.
On their way they passed through the town wliere she lived' and wore

r

' As to this gcmeral veneration of C'ath- ■* Cluiuclii'tiere, Vie, cli. iii., enters into

aiine'l"i>>riililiimiia,Bee theMSS. ef lieniy, details ou lu.'r r-kill iu nteille-work, and

run' of La t'liiu'; Uialiop de St Valicr, tlie orimm .iital work iloue by Indian wn-

Ht;it l'resi"it. (llJSS,) pp. 48-9; Uo la men, as will as en her clieerl'ulnesa.

I'otherio, (1 (:JJ) i., p. a57. ■■ Tiiese missiDnaries were Freniin, Urii-

' Tlie nuui- Toi^alikouita means "wlio ya-s, and I'ierron. Tliey reached CaUijIi-

putB tiling.-^ ill order" (Marcouxjaud is uawiij^a in August KiiiT. Auto. voL iii.

itill in use 111 I'aughnawagii. p. lO'J. itelatiim, KiUS, p 'i-(J.

" .'^ce aute, vol. ii., j>. 14(5, n.

• r I /

mSTOliV OF NEW FRANCE.

28.']

recL'ivc'tl at lior cabin. She was appoiiituil to tak<! care of them, and
waited on theiu in a niiiuuor that Hurprisoil them. Slic had herself, on
hchohlin;^' theiu, been moved by an impulse that e.\cited scntimeuts in her
heart, regarded bubse(iiniitly Ijy her as the first sparivs of tlie iieavenly
fire, by which she was iu the Hetniel ho compk'tely inllamed. The, fervor
nud recollection of thoso reli^^imis in their devotions, inspinnl her with
the desire of prayin^; with them, and .«hu iuformeil tlu'in of it. They un-
derstood nnieh more tliaii she oxi)rusHed ; they instructed lior in tho
Christian truth, as far as the short stay which they made in that town
permitted tliem, and left hor with a re;^'ret that on her side was heartily
rocijjroeated. Si>mu time after, a match was projtosed to her ; as sho
showed strouL? opposition, her relatives did n(jt press it ; but they soon
returned to the crharyi;, and to sav(^ thnmselvcs the trouble of overcoming
her resistance;, they, without nn'ntioiang it to her, betrothetl her to a
young man, who at once went to her cabin and sat down beside Ler. To
ratify the marriagi;, it only HMiuired that she should remain near tho hus-
band selected for her, such be ing the way of the.so tribes;' but she abruptly
left till' cabin, and protested that she would n )t return till he withdrew.
This conduct drew on her much ill treatmeut, which sho endured with
unalterable patience. She waa more sensiiyc to the reproach made that
she had no allection for her kin<lred, that sho hated her triije, and gave
all her attachment to that to whiija her mother belonged. Nothing how-
ever could overc(jme her rejjugnanco for tho state of life iu which they
sought to involve her.

Meanwhili,' Father James do Lamberville arrived at Gandahouhaguo,'^
with orders to found a mission there. Tegahkouita them felt her former
desires to become a Clirisliiui revive : but she was still for souki timo
without mentioning it, (nther from respect to her uncle, wh > did not
relish our religion, or from i)ure timidity. At last an oiiiiovtuuity eamo
for avowing her conviction, and she was not wanting. .V wnuud iu tho
foot W'hich sh(! had received, ki'pt her in the cabi'i, whih; all the other
women were busy harvestuig the Indian corn. Fatln'r de Lamberville,
compelled to suspend liis pul)lic instructions, which no one would attend,
took this time to visit the cabins, and instruct those whom age or infir-
mity retained there. One day he entered that where Tegahkouita
was.^

Unable to dissemble tlu; joy which this visit caustid her, she did not

' Liifitau, >ra;urs dcH Siuivages, i., ]>. iiK'iitioiiiil iiiojinK'ctioii witli this miiaion
.'lOO. De 111 I'otlierie, iii., \). 11. in the Ktiit I'rwuut, lOT.").

■' ratliir JiiiiH's (le l,iuiil)i rville is Ihvl -^ CluiuclicrnTe, vio, cU, 0.

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I1I8TOUV OF NHVV FUANCE.

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hesitate to open her iiiiiul to the miHsionarj' in tbo presenco of two or
tlifoc women, who wv\v in company with her, on her desirfn of embracing
Christianity. She added that shi' would liavo yroat oljstaeles to over-
come, but that notliing appalled her. The energy with which she spoke,
the conraj^o she displayed, a certain modest yet resolute air, that liyhte<l
up her countenance, at once told the missionary that his new proselyte
would not be an (H'diuary Oiiristian. He accordingly carefully taught
her many things, which he did not explain to all pi'eparing for baptism.
God doubtless infuses into hearts, of which he has especiidly reserved
possession, a sort of pun^ly spiritual sympathy, forming even in this
life the sacred bond which will unite them hereafter in the abode of
glory. Father dc Lamberville, whom I knew well, was one of the most
holy missionaries of New France, where ho died, at Sault Saint Louis,
spent with tuil and austerity, and, if I may u.so the expression, in the arms
of Charity. Ho often declared that in his tirst interview with Tegah-
kouita, he thought ho could discern that God had great designs as to
that virgin ; yet he would not exercise any haste in conferring baptism
on her, and ho adopted in her case all the precautious that experience has
( onnselled as necessary, to mak" sure of the Indians, before administer-
ing the sacrament of regeneration.

The whole winter was sjient in these trials, and on her side the young
catechumen employed this precious time in rendering herself worthy of a
gi'aco, whose importance she fully comprehended. Before granting it to
adults, the missionaries take great pains to inrpiire privately into their con-
duct and morality. Father de Lambervilhi aslc(!d all who knew Tegah-
kouita, and was greatly surprised to find that there was not one, even among
those who had given her most to sufl'er, but sounded her praises. This
■was all the more glorious for her, as Iiulians are much given to slander,
and naturally inclined to put an evil interpn.'tation on the most innocent
actions. The missionary accordingly no longer hesitated to grant her
what she solicited with such earnestness. She was baptized on Easter
Sunday, IdlG, and received the name of Catharine.

The grace of the sacrament received into a heart which her upright-
ness and innocence had so well prepared, produced wondrous effects.
Whatever idea the missionary had already conceived of the young Iro-
quois mai<len, he was astonished to find in her, iiiiuiediatoly after baptism,
uot a neoiihyte needing to bo contirmed in the faith, but a sold I'llled with
the most preciims gifts of heaven, and whom he too would have to guide iu
the most sublime spiritual ways. In the outset her virtue excited the ad-
mii'atiou of those even who were least iuclijied to imitate her, aud.thobf

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IIISI'OKV OP NEW FRANCE.

2«7

on whom slio dopondcil, left lior froo to follow ovorj' iiupnlso of bor zoiil,
but this (lul not lust lony. Tliu iimoconco of Iht life, the prcciuiticjiis
which sho took to avoid all thiit could iu the loivHt iiffoct it, and especially
her extreme reserve as to whatever couM iu the sli^,'iitest dij^ree otVeiid
purity, appeared to the youuj^ men of Iku* villaj^e a repntacjh on tlio
dissolute life they led, and many laid suarea for her with the solo view of
dimming a virtue whi h dazzled them.

On the other hand, althou^'h she had relnxe 1 nothing in her do-
mestic occupations, and was ever found ready to give her services to all,
bor relatives were displeased to see her give to prayer all the time left
ber, and to prevent her suspending on Sundays ami holidays the work
which the church forhids on those days consecrated to the Lord, tluiy
made her pass them without food. Seeiug, however, that tlioy gained
nothing by this course, they had recourse to still more violent means ;
they often ill-treated her iu a most unbecoming manner ; wh^'u she went
to the chapel, they sent young men to pursue her with hooting and pelt
her with stones ; men either really or pretendedly drunk ruslicd up )u
ber, as though they designed to take her life ; bat, uudismayed by these
artifices and acts of violence, sho continued her devotions as though she
enjoyed the most perfect liberty.

One day when sho was in her cabin, a young man entered abruptly,
with flashing eyes, brandishing his hatchet as if intending to tomahawk
hoi'. At this sight she displayed no emotion, md bowed down her head
to receive the blow ; but the madman, seized at the instant by a panic
fear, fled as precipitately as though pursued by a war-party. Thesi; lir.st
storms were succeeded by a still more dangeious persecution. Catharine's
aunt was a woman of morose disposition, who was displeased
with all that her niece did to satisfy her, for the simple reason that
she could find nothing to reprove. One day the virtuous neophyte hap-
pened to call the husband of this woman by his own name, instead of
calling him Father, as usual ;' her aunt imagined, or pretended to belie\e,
that this famihar mode of speaking showed an imi^roper connection be-
tween the uncle and niece, and she hastened on the spot to Father do
Lamberville to assert that she had surprised Catharine soliciting her hus-
band to sm. The missionary promised to examine the case, auel when
le learned on what this atrocious accusation I'ested, he gave the slanderer
a rebuke that covered her with confusion ; but which ultuuately increased
the annoyance of the innocent girl.

Had all this involved merely suffering, than which nothin;^' \v,is more to

' L. U. Morgan Las treated ably of the peculiar Iroquois terms of rulatioosbip.

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luT tiutf, hIic would iicvor Imve Ihouj^'lit of cliiingiiig her position ; l)ut
filii' fiiircil tli:it she (MJiilil not iilwavH hctld tiriii iiyiiiiist the Hcdiictioii of
liiid cxiiiiiplc, or oscajM! bciti^,' ovfrcomo ^{riidually by human roHpect,
HO powerful in the Indiiiu mind. She ii(!conlinf,'ly boj,'!in to look for nn
iiHyluni, wliuro lior iunoconct; and her religion would bo Hbioldinl from
diinj,'er. Lii Pruirio do In Mii;,'doloino, wliero Hovorivl Iroquois Cliristinnd
bogiiu to sottlo, seemed to her well adiiptcd, and hIio folt an ardent desire
to remove lliithor ; bnt this was not easily done.

Her iin(!li' beheld with ;,'rciit di.splciisuro the depopulation of his oiintou,
and he declared himself the avowed enemy of all who contributed to it.
It was therefore apparently impossible to obtain his eonsent, and it was not
easy for Catherine to leave him without it. But God, who had destined
her to bo tho example and ornament of this transplanted Christian col-
ony, facilitated what had at first seemed impossible. She had an adopted
sister, a neoj)hyte like herself, married to a Christian very zealous for tho
conversion of his countrymen. This man had alreiuly taken up his abode
at La Prairie do la Magdeloino, and ho was one of those who, under vari-
ous pretexts, traversed tho Iroquois towns in order to make proselytesi
He knc'W that the j,Toate.st favor ho could do Catherine would bo to take
her to his homo : ho .spoko of tho matter to his wife, who confirmed him
in his design, and earnestly exhorted him to give her sister this conso-
lation.

Ho resolved on the project, and to efifect it more siu-ely, ho pretended
to go a hunting with ono of his friends in the dii'ectiou of New York, and
set out, after warning Tegahkouita to hold hoi'self in readiness at a fixed
time. Fortunately for her her uncle was away, though not far distant,
an<l he was almost at once informed of his niece's departure. Without
losing a moment he set out in pursuit, bout on bringing her back dead or
alive, and on tomahawking the first who resisted him. He soon overtook
tho two hunters, but not finding his niece with them, because, whenever
thoy halted, tlu'y took the precaixtion to conceid her in tho woods, he
tlioughl that he had been misinformed ; accordingly, without avowing
his purjiose, he convei-sed for a time on iudiflbront topics and left
thom, convinced that Catharine had taken some other I'oute and followed
other guides. '

Tho holy virgin, I'escuod fi'om this peril, gaily pursued her joiu'ney, and

' Charlevoix liero follows Cholonec Cendre Chaude (ante vol. iii. \>. 289,) and

(coinparo his letter in Kip's Jesuit \ris- differs in the account of the pursuit. She

sions, p. 01 :) l)ut ("hauchetiere repre Iwro letters to Fathers Fremin and Cho.

seuts Catharine's going as effected by lenec.

IIISTOHY OF NEW I'llANCE.

289

at liiHt rciicliL'il tln) houriK! wliicli Im.l bocii tlin object of Ik.t pniyoi'H.
This wiiH in tho munth of Oct(.lur, 1(J77. Hu>- sistur hud uut yot a (mMu
to hornclf, iiiul dwelt witli hi;r huHbiiml iu thiit of a forvont CUristiiui wo-
iiiiui iiiuufd AuiistiiHiii,' whose- solo uinployiucut it was to proiiarj ixji-hous
of her o.vu HL'X for bapti.siii. A hostess of this cluiniftor iiiul such exor-
cises wore greatly to the tasto of Cathariue. Sim was, moreover, ohanued
with all that she l)ehoKl douo in tho village, nor could she mifBcioutly a<l-
miro tlie omuiivttcMee of irracc, whicii could transform wolves into lambs,
nor eliant th<! mereios of the Lord, to se- men now dwellnig in the purity
ot gospel morality, whos(! del)auchery hau moro than ouco paralyzed hor
with horror.-

Animated l>y new fervor at this sight, sho gavo herself unreservedly to
God, renouncing iu future the least thought of self, and b.'gan to run
with groat steps iu the career of sanctity. Prayers, toil, spiritual conver-
sation, was henceforward her solo occupation ; ami after the (;xample of
fcjaint Anthony, she made it a duty to imitate every edifying trait that
she perceived in ihoae who composed this new church. Sho spent at the
foot of the altar, all her spare time ; she Uved solely by her (iwu labor,
and busied as she might bo exteriorly, hor heart was ever in conslant
communion with God.

She had not jet made her first communion whou sho arrived iu tho
colony, and it is not usual in these missions to grant this favor to neo-
phytes till after long trials. Catharine was fearfiu that she would be sub-
jected to this rule, but her \ iilui', far more than her r(;i)eated entreaties,
soon induced her du-ector to make an exception iu her favcn-, nor had ho
any reason to repeut. The frotiueut communions, which she was permitted
to receive, did uot diminish iu the least her fervor in prep.iring for tlu-m.
It was enough to see hor iu h(>r most ordinary acti(jus to be rousi d to
devotion ; but when she pfirtook of the divine mysteries, it was impossi-
ble to be near her, and not be filled with most tender love for God.

When she was obliged to go with a hunting party, the di.sti'actiou in-
sei)arable from that time deranged in nothing her interior life • she built
an oratory within her heart which she never quitted. Sho avoided coiu-
pauy as much as she could, and when she could uot, siie imiiartod ln^-
recoUectedness to others much moro than she took part in ilunr
amusements. Yet there wasuothing constrained in her manners, and her
devotion was neither forbidding nor troublesome. She was oven wonder-
fully dexterous in concealing from the public her pri\ate practice;) of

• TegonLatsihongo, ChaucLeiiere, ch. ix.

i

i»

I

200

Iim-.-oifV .^y »;.;-,.,■ ;;;.j.^vi.;

)r

•f "

l)i('ty, and licr iiiiHtcriticM, wliidi wi'ii' ;,'rr.iK (>ii(< <>( her moHt couinion
Was to iiiiii'^dt' ciirtli Willi :ill slir ntc, iiiid very ffw iKTccivcd it.'

IJcHiilcs iuT tliri'C'tor, witli 'lit vvliosi' piTiiiisMiDU hIic iliil nothing' of
this kind, siin concealud iKjthiii;.,' fr. mi twn ".•■r.iii.ii ot i^rwit virtiir, wlioso
iiiutiml iiitir('-iiiH(! served i^Tciitly to rouse tlioiii to nn eiiiiiiciit suiictity.
One WHS the Aiiiihl'isiii, who hud widcomed her on her reitchiny tlie eoi-
ony ; thu other .<■ youii;,' widow uiinied Teresa,' wlio after Hvinj,' hoi.io
tiiuo i" r.lier for^'etfuhiess of lier biiptisiual proniisoH, returned to her duty
on the occasion of a j,'reat dani^'er, from wliicli sht! was convinced (iod
had miraculously delivenal her. Yet even after this she leil (juite a Uike-
warni life, deferring from (hiy to day tho exceutiou of tbo design bhe had
conceived as atoning by penance for past disorders.

A conversation with {.'atharinc; completed her conversion. She; was ono
d ^y attentively looking at llu^ churcii, then erecting at Sault .Saint Louis,'
to which they had just transferred tho Irocpiois town from La Prairie de la
Magiltleine ; Catharine perceiveil her and felt inspired to address her,
although she had never yet spoken to her. To open conversation, sho
a.sked her v.iiich part of the new church was inteniled for women, and
Teresa pointed it out to her. "-Uas !" replieil Catharine, "it in not in those
material tci.iples that God takes most pleasure, our heart is tho sanctu-
ary most ayrc cable to him. But how often, woe is me, have I driven him
from that heart, where he wjshcs to reign alone ? Do I not richly deserve
tliat he should, for my ingratitude, clo.se forever ou iiio tho door of his
Siinctuary, erecting to his glory?"

These words touched Teresa to the (piick ; she rejjroached herself with
her tepidity, and felt stnmgly urged to fultill at last what she had so fre-
quently promised the Almigiity. Sla; at once revealed it all to Catharine,
and f(jund in that holy virgin an open heart, whicli induced her to with-
hold nothing that was passing in her own, and which completely gained
her to Christ. Her penance was of the character of those, which almost
without intermediate ste|)S raise the greatest sinners, and what is still
more difficult, the most cowartlly souls to the most heroic perfection.
She became attached to Catharine by bonds which divine love drew still
more closely, and henceforward these two chosen souls concealed fi'om
each other notnuig bearing on their interior life. They consoled each other,

I

' Ab to her auBteritics, see Chaucbetiere, tho point where Ciitharino'a cross stil I

ch. vi. stimds. Tliu village hml a fort with four

' Mary Trrcsa Tcguaiafruunta. Imslions and ii neat utonr church, com-

* Not where the village in now, but at jileted curly iu lUTb, but uo truce rouiaius.

t-lM V

1 ,' I

lusiuiu oi' .'.i.w iiw.aM c;.

2 '.II

, will ISO

iiiictity.

!(• t'ol-
J,' HOtlXO

rdiily

•III (JiiJ

ii liikc-

hIic hiiJ

;,'iivi' ooiiiiKcl in (loiihts mill ^trrii;;!!! in tiu! ttsHiiultH which lioU ami the
>V'irhl iiiiirt.' than micii niudo on tlicin.

Ahout thiH time Ciithiiiini- hml ii very Hovcro ono to HUHtiiin, comiuf^
tiM) fritni tho very iilthohh h\>in whom nho HUppOMiil hci-Hflf IcuHt likily
to iiutii'iiiatc jiuytliiii^,' of liic kiml. The sanio luluptiil sister wlio hiid
tittracti'd licr thitlicr, took it into lier hfiid tu m.in-y her oil', iind tlurt.' ia
iintliinf,' tliiitHhi'did not ivsort to, to ovorconio hur rcNistanco. Sho bci^jart
liy tcliiii;,'lii'rtiiiit thou^fh sht; 1111(1 lu'rhinl),iuild(iiiird il ii iiliMsim'tiiiucit
nil her witiits, still it minhtwiU lie thiit, hiinhiind »vilhii lar;^.! I'aiiiily, tiicy
iiii^fht Hot alwiivH 1)0 in ii position to oontiniii! siipiilyiiii,' hrr with iircrs-
Kiirits, and thiit moroovor, iu ctVHO of thoir dciith, hUo would bo lufl with-
out Hll|lpOI't.

The virtuous vir;,'iu was tho more iifVoetod at tluisc words bcciuisc sho
was not a biirdon to hor sistor : sho ncvortholoss thankod her for her
iittuutiou and proniiuod tu rotluct on what Hhu had just said. Sho immu-
diatoly wont to lur coufossor, and oxprossod hor <^v'n!f that a sister wiio till
thou had j^ivou hor so many markn of sineoro friendship, now wished to
liampor hor iu tho only thiii^' iu whioh sho wished to bo free. Tho Falhor,
after huariuy hor uiilmly, told hor, that, iu roality, iior sister was not so far
wrong iu spcakinj,' as sho had doiK^ ; th.it sho should thank her for tho
l)rooiuiti<jus whioh sho wished hor to take iu order to assure a ih^oriit
Bubsisteuco ; iiud that tho matter doservod oaliu cousidoration. " It is
no loag(tr timo todchberato," roiiliod Cathiiriue; " I am uo longer my own,
I havu given myself unreservoiUy to Jesus Christ. ' "But," rejoined tho
missionary, " who will nourish you, and assist you in your inlirmitios,
Hhould God rinuovo your sister?" " Tlhil is my least iinxioty," replied
tho generous neophyte ; "he who fi.'ods tho birds of the air, will not let
Uio want tho little I need to live V" The missionary did nol, seem to
yield ; ho dismissed his poiiitont, bidding her again consult the Lord on
)i point iu which he did not yi't seo manifest the Divine Will. She then
i-otirod very sad.

The same day hor sister again pressiil the matter, and linding her iu-
lloxible, induced Auastasia, whoso ago and virtue caused both to regard
her as a mother, to speak to In.'r ou the point. Auastasia at lirst ontorod
into the young woman's views, bciuaine it was unexaiu])led among tho
Iioijuois, for a girl to persevere iu celi!)acy ; tin; Missioiiai-ies liaving so
far doomed it iuoxpodiont to give ihoio Indians tin.' eoun-iel which St.
Paul gave the primitive Christians. Auastasia accordingly undertook to
persuade Catharine to conform to her sister's wishes. Sho gaiuod
nothing, and seemed sumo what uutllod. This she showed Catharine by

i

I

»

,..,

292

iifmtohy op new hiance.

»

I

h.

■ jiictuchL'S aud thrcutM of iiitLT|>imiiiK H"' uiilliinity ol' ilaii tiiiiiiin n

iircclor.
Thti holy viri;iu uiiticipitU'd lii'i', ami ultci' aNxiiriii'^ lar r«|>iiitual
Father thai Hho cuuld no lon^or doubt of thu will of (^)d, Hho ho^^^cd
liiiu to eoiiHi'iit, ill nrdor to put uu und tu this porHecutioii, that hIih
should fake a vow of virf,'iiiity. Tlui luiHHJonurv replied liuit an eii^jaj^'e-
iiieiit iif llial kind hIiouM not bu taki^n li^litly, that he ^^avi* her three
diiyH to Ihiiik it ov r, und that during that tiniu ho permitted Ik i' to re-
diiul)l(] her prayerH and aiisteritien to obtain from the Almi^^'hty to know
whiil hi) desired of her. Catharine left him ]>roiniHin^' obedience, but ii
(piarter of an hour after returned, and approaching^' him with an air th;it
was not natural to hor, exclaimed : " Father, I havo considereil it all ; I will
never have any spoiiHe but Jemis Christ." Her action and the tone in
which nho Hpoko, tout;hod the diriictor; ho Hiiw clearly that it woiiM Uu
vain to oppose a niovomunt which had ovory mark of divino inspiration.
He consoled his ponitout by givin;^ her hopo of his consent to what sho
(le.siied ; he exhorted her then to think of nothing' but ^aininj^ the hiiirt
of the heavenly Spouse whom sho hadchoseu, and promised hor to stop all
further importuuity ou the part of hor sistor or her friends.

She had scarcely K"Uo, when .Vnastasia entered the missionary's abode
with loud complaints of Catharini stubbornness. After lusirinj,' her
without inti!rruption, tho missionary rebuked her nnldly for her precipita-
tion in bliiminy whiit sho did not know, and for tho slight esteem which
sho seemed to entertain for a state which raises mortal creatures to tho
condition of aui»els. An;istiisia riiciiived this correction with hiunility,
and Catharine ever after found iu her a truly Christian friend, disposed
to secoud hor iu her pious desii^us, and attentive to roliove her in her
wants and atUictions, On her side, Catharine beli('ved herself bound by
tin? resolution she ha. 1 just taken, to live more .sooluded than over, and prac-
tice humility, charity and penanco. Sho was soeu to advance visibly in
virtue. Already nauj^ht was spoken of iu tho country except hor emi-
nent sanctity. The peoi)le were never weary ailmiriufj tho secret sprinj^ of
Divine (roodness, which, amid a n;ition the most hostile to tho establish-
mout of Christianity, had drawn forth a youuy virgin, to make hor a
perfect model of all Christian virtues.

There then reigned in the mission of Sault Saint Louis a spirit of mor-
titication which went to great length. These neophytes htid just been
declared, by all the Iroquois cantons, enemies of their country, and they
coulidently expected that after this outburst, all who fell into tho hands
of their idolatrous brethren, would be given over without mercy to the

I-

v;

Iv .,

f

Ill.^roIlV OK NK'.V KliANCB.

•J'.CJ

most fiMrfiil ti)rtiiroM. Hi'iuio Hii'y tlii»ii;^lil mil) uf iiri>|t,iriii>| fur miirtyr-
(loiii liy III! tlio luiiiiiis lli^it iiiistcrily citi Hii^-'^i'-it liir cliii.stiHiii;^' tliii tlisli.
Mfii, woini^ii iitid cliililri'U even, in tliiN iiiiitti r pruceeilt^il to exceHM'H
wliieli fl"; luiHHioiiiiriUH a'<vor would hiivo puriuiHud h;iJ tUoy boeii fully
iiifiu'ined ill re^iird to them.

('iitliiiriiie, luiife fully poHseHHcd hytlie interior Hpirit tliiiii all tlieotlierfl,
WHS t()i> tliii luoHt unsparing' to liernelf of nil. Slie coiiHiilted iiiui^'iit liut
lier ferviir, mid Inilinved liernulf in ii) wise b lund to depend in tliiH on lier
din'ctor iis formerly, lielievill;.; lll:lt tlliw j,'eiieliil eoiicert of the whiije vil-
la;^!' ciiiild nut lie unknown to him, iind thiil his Hilenee in re^urd to it
wiiM II (Miimt'iit. She was mjcordiuj^ly soon reihieed to ii st.ite of liiii^iior iiiid
siillrriii;^ from which uhu iiuvor rocoverod.' S>me time tifter shu paid a
visit to Moiitreiil, svliere thu Hi<^ht of the ilospitiil Nuns, whom sho hu<l
never even heiird mentioned, incroiiHed her dt^sire to corisecriito herself
til (ii)d l»y the vuw of chtiMtity ; nhe ruuowcd her eiitreiities to her coii-
I'essor, who judi^'ed it his duty uo lonj^er to withhold luH consent. Hho
iiecordiiij,'ly took the long doHired vow, with ii joy thiit Heemed to revive
nil her strength, and who was thu tirst of her tribu who took upnu herself
HUch an eiigagomtiit with heavon.

The heavenly spouse of chaste souls was not slow in giv'iig lier mani-
fest proofs that he had acei'pted hisr saerilici!, and in treating her as his
well-beloved spouse. She, on her side, exerted herself to correspond to
liis caresses and the iutornal communications with which ho favored her
bv perfect lidelity and unreserved love. But her strength could not king
sustain its ardor, and ♦he tlesh soon gave way beneath the i tVorts of tlio
Bpirit. Sho fell into a dangerous di.sease, which htft her only i lingering
oxisteuee subject to constant pain. In this state sho unite<l In-'iself more
and more tu Jesus Christ by meditating on His death and sulVerings, and
the frecpnuit reception of the sacraments. Sho i«uld no longer endnro
human conversation ; Anastasia and Theresa wore the only two persons
with whom sho retained any kind of intimacy, because they spoke to her
only i>f (Jod.

Siio felt well only at the foot of the altar, where, buried in iirofonnd con-
templation, and shedding torrents of tears, whoso iuoxhaustiblo fountain
was His love and the wound it had inllicted on h.ir heart, she oftiai so
forgot the wants of her body, as not even to fed the cold, with which her
whole frame was benumbed. She always camo from this contcmplatioi:
with renewed love of sull'eriiig, and it is unconceivable how ingenious

(

!

' CliHuclii'tirri' intiniufi'8 tliat tliiH occurred wliilc Fatlii;r Freinin, liur prudent
diri'ctor, wii« iibseiit in Kmope, cli. vl.

204

HISTORY OP' NEW FRANCE.

M^

^s'

H ' M

be. iniud was in iiivcutiiig menus to iMiu-ify Ik r iKsli. SnnKtiincs sho
\valk(.'(l liiii'i'foL)lL(l on the ice, iiutl snow, till she lost all feeling. Soiiie-
tinies she sitrewed her couch with thorns. She roUeil for three davs in
snccessiou on branches of thorns, which pierced deeply into her tlesh,
causing intxplicablo ptiiu. Another time she burned her feet, as is d(3ue
to pri.souers, wishing thus to give herself the stamp and mark of a slavo
of Christ ; but what attests far better the solidity of her virtue, is the
unalterable gentleness, patience, joy even, manifested by her in the sutl'er-
iiigs which she ex])erieuced toward the close of life.

It would seem that no sacrifice should bo dilKcult to those who carry
niortilication as far as this holy virgin did. Yet this is rarely the case.
Men are often astonished to behold those who practice the greatest aus-
terities, more sensible than others to. any annoying or humilating event
that Inippens, simply because there is nothing of their own choice in it.
Self- will is always the last victim, and is often found missing from the
holocaust. Catharine understood the superiority- of tin; crosses presented
by the hand of the Lord over those which are self-imposed, and sulTerings
in which her wiU h:id least share, were always dearest to her heart.'

She was at last attacked by a malady, which was at once deemed mor-
tal ; and that at a time when the labors in the Held so engaged all, that
she could scarcely expect care from any one. She remained alone wlu)lo
days with a platter of Indian corn, and a little water beside her bed.
Delighted to behold herself thus forsaken of men, she communed constantly
\vitL her God, and found the days only too short. On Tuesilay in Holy
AVeek, 1(578, she grew worse, and received Holy Viaticum. The mis-
sionary wished also to administer Extreme Unction at once, but she as-
sured hun that it could be deferred till next day. She spent all the
ensuing night in a loving colloc(uy with her divine Saviour, and \vith
His Holy Jlother, whom she had always singularly honored, regarding
herself as a spouse of Christ, attached to the retinue of the Queen of
Virgins.

Ou Wednesday morning she recei\iHl the sacred anointing, and about
three o'clock in the afternoon she expired after a gentle agony of half an
lK)ur, retaining her complete consciousness and sound judgment till lur
last sigh.-' Thus lived and thus in her tweuty-Hfth year died Catharine

I

' Clmrleviiix aoems to iilhulc tj ii tiilsi'
accusation iiinlcr whicii CiUlKiriiir lulmrcd
I'nr 11 liiui'. ('luiuclii'tieri', B'k II. cli, ix.

■•' C'liiiuchitirrc ill-tails lnTlast niomi'iits.
B'k 111., c'.i. :;. Shrdhd .\:.rl iT. H'.so.
Sec, too ("licU'iK'k's loitji'. l,^■ttlv^' IMili-

i)(' la I'otluTic, Ilistdiro ili» I'Ann'riquf
S •iiti'iitrioiiulc. |). ;!.")1, gives the same
vear, UlSO. If it had oecuri-ed in UIVS,
tlie Helaiion l(17;i-l) would not have! been
silent as to it • but tlnreip no allusion lo
it iu that volume, or in the matter for

aule-— Ki|i"s .[esiiil Missions. y\>. SO, 11:!. 1(JT8 in the Uelations laedil^es.

' • i

IIISTDIJV 01<^ NEW FUANCE.

•20:

Ton;ahkoiiitii. The ox!\nipl(> of her most holy lifo had I'voducod a V017
gri'iit fervor aiuon^' tlui Iroiiuois of SauU SI. Louis. Tho womlcrs whic'a
God .soon begun to work in favor of those who had recourse to her iuter-
cession, are still at this day (174:i) for these ueophytes and indeed all for
New Franee a powerful motive to serve in spirit iiud iu truth so liberal a,
JIastor, who, without respect of persons, lavishes his mobt precious gift.s
on those who abandon themselves to Him without reserve.

Her countenance, extremely utteniiated by austerity and by her last
illness, suddenly changed as soon as she ceast'd to live. It was seen as-
suming a rosy tint that she had never had, nor were her features the
same. Nothing could be more beautiful, but with that beauty which love
of virtue inspires. The people were never weary gazing on her, and.
each retired, his heart full of the desire to become a saint. As a distinc-
tion her body was placed in a coilin, and her tomb soon became cele-
brated by the concourse of the faithful, who Hoiked from all parts of
Canada, and by the miracles wrought there. There are preserved espe-
cially the juridi'-al attestations of two persons, whose character leaves no
d )ubt as to the truth of their deposition. Oue is the Ab'oe d.' la C,)i.>ii.-
bii're (brother of the Jesuit Father, Claude de la (,'olobibicre, celebraud
for his virtues and eloquence, ) Grand Archdeacon, and Vicar-deueral ;!
Quebec, and Clerical Councillor in the Superior Council of N\ w Franc.
The other is 'Sh: du Luth, captain of au infantry company, one of the
bravest officers the Kmg has had iu the colony, and whose name is frs-
quently cited in this history.

The former declares in writing under his own hand that h;',ving been
siek from the monvh of January to that of June, 1G1)5, with a slow fever,
which had ballied all remedies, and adysentery that nothing could check, lie
was advised to bind himself by a vow that if it pleased God to restore his
health, ho would proceed to the Mission of St. Francis Xavier at Suilt
Kt. Louis, to pray at the tomb of Catharine Tegahkouita ; that ho
yielded to this advice, and that the fever left him that very day, and that
the dysentery diminished considerably ; that having set out some days
afier to fuliill his vow, he was entirely cured before he had proceeded more
than a league.

The second certifies juridically, that having been for twenty-five years
tortured with the gout, accompanied by excessive pain that sometime.'?
lasted for three mouths without respite, he invoked Catharine Tegah-
kouita, au Iroquois Virgin, who died at Sault St. Louis iu tlui odor of
sanctity, and promised to visit her tomb, if, tlu-ough Iu r intcivrv^on, G-.J
delivered him from this cruel disease • that at the end of a uoveua which

I

IT:

%

lit

V

ijHa I

it

i^

2or,

HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE

Ii.

:i;^

^^;|yii'

?i!

I.' (

f^'

li

111' ]K'rfornu'(l in lior honor, hi; wan purfecUy cured, aud that for the last
tit'tccii months ho had felt no wyinptoiu.s of gout.'

Evi-ry yoar on the auuiversary of tho death of Good Cathariiic — la
/i'liuw Callwriiw, (this being tho name under which, out of I'espcct for tho
Holy Sec, this holy virgin is honored in Canada) several parishes in tho
neighborhood como to cLaut in tho Church of Saiilt St. Louis a solemn
Mass of the Holy Trinity. A pai'ish priest at Lachiue, a town on Mon-
treal Island, by name Mr. Remy, who had recently arrived from France,
on being informed by his parishioners of this custom, replied that he
deemed it a duty not to sanction by his jn-esence a public cultus not yet
permitted by the Church. Most, on hearing him speak thus, could not
refrain from saying that he would soon be punished for his refusal, aud
in fact he fell dangei'ously ill the same day. He at once understood tho
(■"Use of this unexpected attack. He bound himself by a vow to follow
the example of his predecessors, and was instantly ciu'ed. Thus New
Fr uice, li. ; tho capital of Old France, behold tho glory of a poor In-
dian girl and of a shepherdess, shine above that of so many apostolic men
martyrs and other saints of all conditions of life. God doubtless wish-
ing for our instruction and the consolation of the humble to glorify His
saints in proportion to theii" having been httlo aud obscure on eai'th.

II.

STEl'HEN TEuANANOKOA.'

Ik'

It,

The Iro(iuois tt)wns were visibly depopulated by the withdrawr.l of tho
many families that took r<'t'iige in the ^Mission of '■':.",ut St. Louis, there to
embrace Christianitj', or profess it in gi'eatcr liberty, or be removed from
the allurements of the heathens ; the latter were so exasperated at this,
that they declared enemies of their country all the ChristiiMi Iro{jUois
who had aV)andoned it, and this rago won for many tho crown of mar-
tyrdom. I have spoken of some in my history. I now proceed to make
known others, who could not be introduced without interrupting the nar-
rative.

' Tlu'se ntlcslntions iu full are in Let-
tresEditiniiti's, vol. xii., truuHlatedm Kip's
Jepuit Missions, p. 115-6.

'■' The following; lives are ilriuvn triim
the Li'tlres M liiiiuiles, vol. xiii., Paris,
1720, in Eng'>h iu Kip's Jesuit -Mis.-ious

p. 117 Tlicy were probably based on a
work of Father Chuiichetiere "On tho
Perseverance of Indians who gave their
lives for tho Faith amid the fires or bo-
neatli llietoiuahawk of the Irajuois," no
longer extant.

IllSl'DiiV UK XKW rJIAXCE.

•207

Tlio first is Stophon Tegjuiaiiokoa. llo cimu ti) S;\ali St. Louis with
his wifo, sistur-iu-l:i\v ami six childrou, Ijoiiig at thi^ tiiui,' thirtv-livi' years
of ago. Ho had uothiug savage iu his ilispositiou, ami his siucoro and
tendor attachiuuut to his wife, iu a country wluni! licunso reigns, and uieu
■io commonly chaugo wivos, would alouo stand as a pro(jf of tiie iiuiocenco
ol' his previous lifo. As soon as ho arrived iu tlie now town, he earnestly
solicited baptism, with all his family, anJ thoy obtained it after the ordin-
ai'y trials. They were soon tho edification of that rising church. Sto-
2)lion watohud over tlio education of his cliildnni with the z.oal of a mis-
sionary. Ho sent them (ivery day to morning and evening prayers, and
to tlio iustru(^ti(jn givi.-n to tho young, himself sotting thoia an exci-lleut
example by liis regular attondauco on all tho o.vorcisos of ri'igioii, iuid Ujs
exactness in rocoiving tho Holy Eucharist freipiently.

By this pious lifo ho so;'mod to bo preparing t'l triii.upii over the eucmy
of Josiis Christ and to defend his faitli amid tlio most crue! torL.ents. in
tho month of August, KJ'JO, ho sot out for tlio fall hunt, accojiiiianii'd 'oy
his wife and on(! otlua- Indian. In tho month of .Se[/.i,'nl)er tlioy wi re
surprised by a band of fourtLou Cayugas, v>ho bound tlu; i and took tlu-m
to Uicir canton. As soon as >Ste;)hen beheld himself in tho lian<l,s of
these savage moll, ho had no doubt but that he would bo coudonined to
the stake. Ho warned his wife of this, exliortod her to persevere in tho
faith, and iu case she returned to Sault St. Louis, to bring up their chil-
dren iu tho fear o*' God.

The three prisoner.s were taken to Onoudaga ; God wishing ap[i;iroiitly
that Stephen's constancy and fortitude should shine forth hi a place thou
famous for the assemblage of a host of Indians from uU the Iro(iiii'is can-
tons and for the fearful licentiousness prevalent there. Although it is
the custom to await prisoners at the cntrauco of tho village, the joy telt at
Onondaga on their having in their hands some of tlio setlh^rs at Sault St.
Louis, made all stream out far in advance to meet tliom. Each had
decked himself iu his liue.st attiro, as for a day of trium])h ; all wore
armed with hatchets, knives, clubs, or whatever they laid hands on, and
fury was depicted on every couuteuance.

When thoy reached the prisoners, one of these Indians approaching
Stephen, said : " Brother, thou art dead : impute thy misfortune to thy-
self alone, for thou left us to go aud live among tlioso dogs of Christians
at the Sault." "I am a Christian," rephod Stephen, "and I glory iu be-
ihg one. Do with me what you will : I fear neither your outrages nor
fires. I willingly give my lifo for a G(od who shed aU his blood for me."
Scai'cely had he ended these words when tho furious savtujoa apraug on,

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lllSTum OK NKW FRANCE.

i

iinil j^'ashed biin deep on the arms, legH and whole body ; tbey then cut
oil' si'veml of his tui;,'(;r.s and tore out all his nails. One of the hand then
C'l'ied to him : " Pray to (rod." "Yes," replied Stephen, " I will i>ray,"
and raisiuy his fettered handp), hu made, as well as he could, the sign of
i.ho cross, prou(juuciug aloud in his own languajjfc^, those words : " In the
name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." Hidf his
rcniiiiuinj^ lingers were immediately hacked oil', and again they cried :
"Mow pray to your God." Again ho ma le the sign of the cro.ssand they
instantly cut off all the rest of his lingor.s, then for the third time calltd
on him to pray, loading him with insults. As ho endeavored to make
tho sif.fn of the cross again with the palm of his hand, it was cut oil' eu-
tiuly, and iio was slashed wherever ho had made the sign of the cross.

After this bloody prelude, the prisoners were led to the village, and
ue.H" a great tire in which stones had been heated red hot. Several were
placed between Stephen's thighs, which ^voro thou violently pressed to-
gether. Ho was uoxt ordered to siujf in the manner of the country ; as
he refused to do so, but began to repeat aloud the prayers which he was
daily accustomed to recite, one of tho .-savages took a burning brand and
(irove it far into his mouth ; then, before he had time to breathe, he was
tied to the stake. When tho courageous neophyte beheld himsiilf amid
♦ he instruments of his t(jrture and a crowd of cxocutioncrH, he looked
calmly upon them and said ; " Satiate yoiu'selves with the pleasure of
burning me, spare mo not, my sins deserve oven greater sufferings than
you can intiici ; the more you torture me, tho more you increase the re-
v;ird prepared for mo in heaven."

These words renJ ii'ed them still moi'O furious ; each seized a brand or
red hot iron, with which they slowly burned all the body of this Loly
mm, who endured the cruel martyrdom without breathing a sigh ; he
I .I'll seemed as calm as though he suffered nothing, liis eyes raised to
heaven, and buried as it were in profound contemplation. At last his
strength beginning to fail, he asked a few mo'.nents' truce, and tlien ral-
lying all his fervor, ho nuv^j his last prayer. He comniouded his soul to
Christ and implored him to pardon his executioners. Tliey at once re-
sumed his torture ; his constancy did not llag and ho gave up his soul to
his Creator triumphing by his courage over all tho Iroquois cruelty.

His wife's life was .spared, as he had foretold her ; she remained
some time a prisoner in the country, where neither entreaties nor threats
could shake her faith. On recovering her liberty, she proceeded to
Aguier,' which was the pliico of her birth. There she remained till her

' The Moliiiwk Ciiutdii iiiul its liiiif town are l)otli thus .styiid in Kniich

I !

*?.

IIISTOHV OF M:\V FliANCE.

•IV.)

s.'ii came fur her ami took her biu-k to Hiiult SI. Louis. Tlw Tadiaii
who liaJ Ik'ou captunnl '.vith Stephen, escaped with the loss of soiiu' tiu-
g(a's aiul a (li'e[) wound in the kig. Ho was tlien taken to Ca^yuga,
where all means were cniijloyed to force him to niiirry aj,'ain, and phiiiyo
in all the debaucheries in which that trilje was sunk ; but he constantly
replied that his relij,non forbade b(jt]i. Having at last come towaisls
Montreal with a band of warrior.s of that canton, ho secretly withdrew
and returned to his Mission, where ho over after lived a most edifying
Ufe.

m.

FRANCES GONANNHATENHA.

Twc -vfar.s after a woman displayed a constancy, in no wise inferior to
that o*' the virtuous Stephen. Her name was Frances (jriMianuhateuha,
and sht! had been baptized at Onondaga, her native place, whence sho
had taken refuge at Sault Saint Louis. Tiiere slie edilied all by her
piety, her modesty and especially her charity ; and as she w,is in easy
circumstances, the poor always found hef an assured resource in their
necessities. One day when she was thret; leagues from the village, en-
gaged in ti.shing, she heard the enemy were making a desc(!Ut on Sault
Saint Louis ; sho at once embarked in a canoe with tw(j of lier friends to
"o to the assistance of her husband. The women arrived iu time to
save him ; he jumped into a canoe, and this httle baud deemed them-
selves safe, when the caiuje was suddenly surrounded l)y a whole Iro-
quois army about a quarter of a league from tlu' villagi\ The husband'a
head was at ouce cut off and the tlu'eo women led to tlie camp.

The cruelties perpetrated on them the lirst- niglit they spent there, con-
vinced them that they wire coudemuod to deatli. The savages amused
themselves with phiekiug out their nails, and t'lien burning tin; blei-ding
lingers iu their pipes. The two companions of Frances wer(^ then givcv
one to the Oneida, th<; other to the Seneca canton. She l^n'self wa.s
given to her own sister, who was of high rank in Onondaga. This wo-
man, discarding the affection which nature and blood should have in-
spired, left her sister to the discretion of the sachems and braves, which
was equivahnit to condemning her to the stake. In fact, as ;;oou as sho
arrived at the village, she was compelled to ascend a scaH'old. Tliere, in
presence of her kindred and of all who crowded around to witness her
torture, she declared in a loud voice that sli.' was a Chriatiau, and

>l «.

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IIISTOTJY OF NEW FRANCE.

A-

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deciujcl liorsolf hiippy to dio in bor own comitry jiud by the linnds o
I" L- kin.saion, Jilcu Ji>.siis Christ who had hooii enicilii'd by liis own conn
tryiiion.

)ii ')( hui' kiii-iiiiL'ii, who w.is prosoiit, had tivo years previously ^^ono
tiJ Siali Saint L )iiis to iiidtico Frauccss to I'otiirn to hor own canton ; and
havin;^ tailud, still harboiMd rosoutiui-nt. Tho words just nttorod by this
forvent Christian roinod iiitii to t'uiy. Ho sprang on thu scallold, toro oil"
the crucilix which sho woro on hor uock, and with a, knifo which he held
in his hand, ho cut a cross on hor broast. " Thoro," ho criod, " is the
cross you love so much and which provontod your leaving tho Sault,
when I took tho pains to go for you." " Tliank you, brother," ropliud
Fr.;ucos, " tho cross you have torn from me I might lose ; but you give
me one that I shall not lose cvi^n in death."

She then spoke of the Mysteries of tho Faith with an unction and a
power far above the capacity of an Indian woman. "Fearful as the tor-
ments are tcj which you condemn me," said she in conclusion, " do not
tlimk my lot one to bo deplored. It is your own that calls for tears and
sobs ; this lire that you hivo lighted to torture mo will burn but a few
hoars ; but another lire that will never bo extinguish( ^., is prepared for
you in hell. Yet it is in your power to avoid it ; follow my example, Iks-
>mc Christians, live up to ihti laws of that holy religion and you will
e'cape tho eternal fiamos. Moreover, I declare that I wish no evil to
those whom I behold rea<iy to take my life. Not only do I forgive them
my death, but I pray tho Supi'omo Arbiter (A life to op^Mi their eyes
to the trutli, to touch their heart, and grant them grace to be converted
and die in the sentiments with which He inspires me."

These words of tho holy widow, far from moving the savage hearts,
only increased their rage. Thoy led her for three suceessive days through
all the lodges, to make hor the sport of a brutal mob. On the fourth
da^' they took her b.ick to her stake, and bound hor. Tlioy then ap-
plied to all parts of her body lighted torches and gun barrels lieated red
hot. This Listed several hours without hor uttering the least cry. Her
eyes were tix.od on heaven, and one would have said she suF;red nothing.
This is tho testimony given by the Sieur de Saint Michel,' then a prisoner
at Onondaga, but who escai^ed some time after, as they were preparing to
burn him aiivo. He witnessed aU the tortures inllicted on Frances, and
on arriving at Montre.il gave an account, which drew tears from tho
wliole town. He declareil that iie had been unable to restrain his own,
especially when the courageous martyr, having had her scalp torn off and

I Aule, 11. 2VJ.

UISTOUY OF NKW FHANCE.

301

the bloodiiiff wknll covcrc'il witli hot hsIicm, w;ih imboniul ; fi)v insfpiul of
rmiiiin^', iw others do, whom this tortiirinj^- riiRhTH t'raiitii', .slic Iciult
down, and riiiMin:^' liur eyes to hoiiven, offtirod to tho Ahiiighty tho hist
broiith of hfo left hor. A showur of stones tliat iiistiint riiiu(!d njjon her
consummating her sucrilice, in tho very act of prayer, and most intimate
union with God.

MARGARET GARANGOUAS,

A THiitD victim whom me mission of S;uilt St. Louis sent to hoaveu,
was immolated the next year in tlie same vilhige. She was a yonni^ ,\o-
man of twenty-four, named ^largaret Garangouas, also an ()iii)i;da,i;'a,
and Ijaptized at the ago of tliirtemi. SIk; niai-ried soon after, and God
blessed her marriage by giving her four ohildron whom she brought up
in piety. Tho youngest was still at thi; breast, and actually in her arms,
when, towards tho fall of IGt):!, whihi visiting her held, a (lua.ter of a
league from tho fort, she fell into the hands of two Indians of hav canton
who led her to Onondaga. On the th'st tidings of her arrival, all poured
out of the village to await tho captive on a knoll which she had to pass.
As soon as she appearcnl, the air resounded with fearful cries, which
awakened only gloomy forebodings.

No sooner had she reached the knoll, than she was surrounded by four
hundred Indians. They began by tearing her infant from her arms, the-n
stripped her naked. After this, numbers rushed upon her, slishing her
^vith their knives till her body was nothing but one wound, and tho blood
streamed from every pore. A Frenchman who had witnessed this pitia-
ble sight, considered it a prodigy that she did not expire on tho spot.
Margaret perceived this man, recognized him, and addressing him by
name, said : " You soe to what a state I am reduced. I have only a few
instants to live. Thanks bo to God, I fear not death, and horrible as that
juay !,e now prepared for mo, my sins deserve still more. IJcseoch tho
merciful Jesus to pardon mine and give mo strength to sutler."

She was then led to a 'abiu where a Frenchwoman from ^loutreal was
a prisoner ; the latter seized the tirst moments to exhort M;irgaret to en-
dure with constancy a temporary torture in view of the eternal rewards
that would follow it. Marga/et thanked her for tho charitabU! counsels
which she gave her, and repeated what slie had alreiuly stided to tho
other French prisoner. She added thai siiu'o she had tl;e happuiess to

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HISTORY OF XKWFHNrR.

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III

bo baptized, h1>o hii'l never cpftsod imploriiii.,' G.iil for the >^\\n'o to sufT r
for his love; tli;it now she conM not (loa')t Imt tli;it iiciivcn had heard Iht
^ows, that she dicsd hapjiy, without any feeUni,' of roHontnient a;,'ainst lier
kindred and conntrynion now transformed into oxeeutionerH ; that 'in th"
contrary she C(jnjiircd tho Ahuighty to enhghten thorn with the hght of
faith, and that her only anxiety was for the salvation c/f her sou.

Tho two (.'aptive women were still eonversinj^ on the truths of Fiteinity
nnd tlu! liappinoss of the Saints in hoavon, when a baud of Indians ci.mi)
to load ^largarot to a spot where she was to bo biu'ned alivo. No regard
was shown to her youth, her sox, or her bn-th, although who was tho
daugliter of tho ono who was in a manner chief of tho village, and in whom)
narao all tho affairs of the nation were transacted.' As a Chriatian and
inli.il)itant of Sault Saint Louis, sho was too gentlo to find favor with
these heathens. She was accordingly bound to the stake an 1 her whole
body burned with an inhumanity that could have b(!en inspired, espe-
cially in the case of a woman, only by hatred against her religion. Sao
euibu'od this long and rigorous martyrdom without b(!traying any sign
of pain, and as long as a breath of life remained sho was hoard invoking
tho holy names ; Jesus, Mnry, Joseph.

At first she asked from time to time; a little water ; but she soon i-e-
pented this weakness, and begged them to refuse her if she asked again.'
" My Sanour," she said, " sufteri'd gi'oat thirst when dying ft)r mo on th(3
cross ; is it not just that I should suffer the same torment for Him ?''
Her executioners burned her from noon to sunset ; then, impatient to seo
her expire before night obliged them to withdraw, thoy unbound her
from tho stake, scalped her, covered her head with hot cinders and bade
her run. Sho knelt down, however, and raising her hands and ey(>s to
heaven, commended her soul to tho L(n'd. Although struck repeatedly
with a club, she continued to pray. At last one of these savages, crying:
" Will not this dog of a Christian die ?" seized a lai'ge knife and at-
tempted to plunge it into her belly, but tho knife broke and foil in pieces
on tho ground. Another took the stake to which she had been bound
and beat her over the head. As sho still showed some signs of life, she
was taken up and thrown on a heap of dry wood; this was set on tirc^ a^^d
she was soon consumed.

Her son had been given to an Iroquois, who wished to revenge on this
little creature an insult which ho considered himself as having receiveil
fi'om the French. Three days after the mother's death, a death-cry was

' Evidently tho Atotarlio or Tedoilaho, the most (liiriiifiid of all tlie hereditary
sachems of the League. Mor^jjan, League of the h'o<iuoi8, \>. (31

IllSTdliV OK NKW FItANCE

3();i

lu'iu'd lit iiirflitfiill. All thi^ Iii.liiius mil to tho Hpot from wliicli it (viiu-,
11.11(1 tlio riviicliwoiiiiiii from .M )iitrciil willi tlio vi^M. Tlicn,' llicy foniul ■\
llro kiiidli'd, iiu.l till) b;ibi! which they wuro prci);iria.; to cast into tlui
divmi-'s. Tho very riuliiius could not hut \m movuil ;it tho si'^'ht ; hut tlioy
woro still laoro so, whoii they snw ii littlo Iimocoiit, only ii yoiir old, raiso
its hiiiids to hoavi'u with ;i swuot siuilo, niid tliriou call its laothor, show-
ing- hy its j^osturos tliat it sou'^ht to oiuhmco hor. Tho Frouohwoiuiiii
t'''lt assured that its mothor lia<l app.^aivid to it ; and it is nioro than
])nil)al)!(! tiiat sIk; had h.s )ii^'ht tho .Vlio.i'^hty to rostoro it to hor at oncu
in order to socun' its otiTual salvatii)u. Bo that as it may, thu child was
not j^'ivon to thu tlamos. Oiio of tin- most inlluontial mon iu tho village
seized it by thu feet and dashed its liead a^'aiust a stuue.

V.

STEPHEN H00NH01TENT8I0NTA0UET.

1 CONCLUDE with the history of a neophyte, who, after eseapinj,' tlu'
stiiKo which was prepared for him, had nevertheless tho happinev^ of
j^iviii;^- his life, not to be exposed to tho danger of losing liis faith. ifo
was a yijung Mohawk, named Stephen HoonhoUi.'ntsioiitaoiicl. llr w.u
(•ai)lui'ed by one of his own nation, who took him to hi^ cantou, .Vs iio
had many relatives his life was spared, and ho was given to tho people ot
Lis own lodge, who earnestly porsuatled him to follow tho customs of
the nation, that is to say, plunge into the most fearful debauohory. He
nii^t their solicitations with the truths of salvation, which ho explained
very well, and never ceased exhorting them to follow him to Sault Saint
Louis, ill order to embnico Christianity there. But ho spoko to people
boru and bred iu vice, which they had made too alluring a habit, to
bring themselves to renounce it. Hence his example and exhortations
only served to harden their hearts.

When he saw that his stay at Aguier was of no advantage to his kindred,
and became dangerous even to his own salvation, ho resolved to return to
his Miss'ou. On imparting his design to his relatives, they consented all
the more willingly as his departure would relieve theiu of an importunate
censor, whom they could no longer enduro. Ho accordingly for the sec-
ond time left his family and country, to put his religion in safety. If
Lad scarcely set out, before the news of his departure reached a In!
where some young men were on a debauch. The tidings inflamed thoir

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301

IIISTIJUV OF NKVV fuan(;e.

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IioikIh ;iii(l c imidi'tcil wliiit rmu \\;u\ lii'i^nm, .Vl'lcr many invectives
n;,';iiiist the CJIiristiiviiH, thoy oouclii lod that, tliey hUouUI not .siilVer iiny
one tlms to prefer tlieir s)C'iety to tliat of the I'eiil [roqiiois ; tliiit i' w.isa
Hhir oil tile whole nation, uiul tli at Stepli.'ii mast hi; coinjH.'lkHl to return
to the viila^'e, or he toimihawlied if he refaned, inoi'dor to intiniidato any
will) nii;,'iit ho tuinpted to follow bin oxaniplo.

Immediately tiu'eo j^avo cliasi! to the neophyte, whom thoy soon over-
took, imd approacluid, tomahawk in Laiul. "llotnico yonr wtepn," they
ciiod, "and follow us; you dio if you roHist ; wo havo the ordors of the
Hachums to tomahawk you." Tiio j^eiierous Christian nii;ekly replied
that they were masters of his life ; l)ut that ho preferrod losiiij,' it to
riskinj^- Ins faith and his salvation ; that he was ;^oing to Sault Saint Louis,
rosolvinl to (aid his days tlu;vo, if ho was so happy as to reach it. As he
saw that after this distiiKit statenicnt, those brutes pr<>))ariMl to kill him,
bo iK';^god tlnan to give him a few moments to pray. They ^'ranted his
roqiiost, and tbo holy yoitug man kuoolinj^ down tranquilly (illored iip bis
devotions. He tbanked God for the grac j bestowed ou bim of dying a
Christian and a martvr ; bo prayed for bis infidel relations, and especially
for those wiio now turned his exeeutioiKirs, and who that very instant clove
open bis bead. Those details wei'o learned from some Mohawks, who
subsequently camo to settle at Sault Saint Louis.

HEROIC ACTION OF A CHRISTIAN FAMILY.

I close by a trait well adapted to sln)w with what fervor God was
served by tbe Iroquois of Sault Saint Louis. Paul, one of tbe.se In-
dians, bad u daughter who passed among the Indian.s for a beauty •
bis wife, no less virtuous than himself, begged bim to join her in ask-
ing God to di'prive their ebild of an advantage wbich might imperil her
innocence. Ho consented witb joy ; they joined in prayer and were
beard. A cataract formed in ono of their daughter's t^yes, deforming
ber greatly. She soon after became consumptive, and died at tbe age of
seventeen, iu ber mt)ther's arms, exborting ber witb ber last breath to
persevere in tbo faith. Her virtuous parents, deeming ber salvation
assured by sucb a boly deatb, rendered sincere thanksgiving to God.

IllSTOin (»l- NKW KHANCB

SOS

k'cctivcs
I'lT iiiiy

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ri'tiirn
ato liny

PARTICULARS AS TO HOME OTHER MISSIONS.

Tmt Huron MiHsioiiH, ns long as thoy HubHiKtcd ; thd Aboimqui Mis-
BioHH, wbiuli Htill Hubsist ; tho MiHsiouH iK^iiror Qiiobuc, sucb iih thost! of
Thrco RivorH, Syllori, Lcrutto, ivud Tmlouasao, biivo not, oxcopt tho lirst,
bail tbo sumo opportunity as tbo Iro(iiioiH Mission of Sault Saint Louis
ami tbo Mountain to givd martyrs to tbo Cburcb ; but bavn fiiruisbud no
loss examples of all Cbcistiau virtuos, at wbicb tbo Froucb, daily witnussoa
of tbu fact, wur<j unweariuil in tlioir admirations. Dutaih aro found in
tbo Letters of Motber Miry of tbo Incarnation, tbe trutb of wbieb it
cannot Ijo permitted to doubt ; and 1 cat., I tbink, assert tbat tbeso os-
tcemod letters, botb by tbo manner in wbicb tbcy aro written and by tbo
Spirit of Ood wbicb tboy broatbo, will ha an eternal monuiuout of tho
fecundity of grace in barbarous and savai^e boarts. Tbus wrote tbat il-
lustrious foundress to iier son Dom Clamle Martin, a Bonodictino monk
of tbe congregation of St. Maur, in August, 1(544.'

" You ask me, moreover, wbetber our Indians aro as perfect as I state
in my letters. I will toll you tbat in point of manners, I mean their
nn)de of acting and paying compliments, you will not tind Frencili juiUte-
nt'ss ; we have not sought to teach them this, but to impress tirmly .bo
Commandments of God and of the Clmrcb ; tbo Points and Mysteries of
our Faith, the Prayers and Practices of our religion, such as tho sign of
the cross, examination of couacionce, and like actions of piety. An In-
dian makes bis confession as well as a religious ; ho is candid to tbo \.>
most, and makes much of the least tritles. When they fall they perform
public penance with admirable humility. Take an example. Indiana
have no other drink than the broth of tho sagamity kettle, be it moat, or
Imlian corn, or boiled water, or pure water. When tho French gave thom
a taste of brandy, they found it so to their taste, tbat they prefer it tcj all
other cheer ; but tbe mischief is, tbat when they can got it, they ha"<3
only to take one drink to become madmen and frantic. Tho reason is
supposed to be that thoy eat only fresh things, neither knowing nOr using
salt. This drink generally kills them. Our Governor has a(;cordingly
under severe penalty forbid giving or trading any to thom. Nevertheless
when tbe ships come in it is impossible to prevent tho sailors selling
them some secretly. Old Christian Indians and their families do not fall
into these excesses ; it is the heathen with a few dissolute young men.
Yet this year it happened tbat some fell into this fault, and to punish it

' Cliojs de LettrcH llistoriqui'S, p. 104.

', t.

'^' i-ti;

800

HISTOIIV u|- N|.;\V KUA.VCR

i'l

tln' -tiiohoms, witli llic Ilivcicii.l Kitlur Superior of thm Mission, con-
«li';iiiii>l tliciii to |)!iy II ^'I'cMt iiiiiiiliiT of skim for tlic (Icooriitioiis of tiin
fli;ii>..'l, and moreover to puss tlii'ec days wiUioiit ciitvjriujj; tlie clmrch,
nil I to go only twieo ii day to olter tlioir jiniyors iit tlui door, iitteiidcd liy

the innocent in onler to uid tlienito ohluin mercy Otliers

ra.'ilce n pulilic deeliiriition of tlieir hIiis in the chnreii of thi^ Fri'iicli :
otluTs fiiHt tiireu (hiys oil Itreiid and water. As they do not ofUnfall iiit i
thusi! oxoosHos, this kiiul of peiianco is vory raro. Still it is with In liiii-i
as witli the Freneii ; there are more and tlioro are less dov )iit ; but :j;en-
erally spcakiiii^ the Indians are more dovont than the French; and for this
rovsoii they are nikt- minified to;,'ether, the Imli.ins i)i»in;f put into a sepa-
riito town, for four of thoir imitating the manner of somti Frenchmen.
Not tmt that the latter are pretty well behaved in this country ; but lii-
diiiis uro not capable of French liberty, even when in bounds.

" I cannot toll you all that I know of tho fervor of those now plants :
although wo aro perceptibly touched by it, wo boj^iu to lose our astonish-
ment, .so accustomed aro wo to witness it ; but Fronohiaen just arrived,
\\.\ ) had seen nothing of tho kind in Franco, weep for joy to behold
w lives transformod into lambs, and wild boasts into childrou of (I )d.
Tao Chief of tho Sylleri Indians, bofoi'o sotting out for tho war against
tlio Irixiuois, caiuo to mo ami said : ' Mother! I como to seo you, to toll
y.)U tliat Wo aro going to moot the enemy : it tliey kill us it m.atters not,
indood it is long since thoy began to do so, aud even take and kill tho
FiMiicU, our friends, with those who instruct us. Wo go to war not
bsuusij they kill us but because thoy kill our friends. Pray for us ; for
we have olfinided God, and therefore Ho chastises us. Tho young
in n especially do not behave well. I toll them; You ofTei- 1 God, and
Ho puni.shes us ; amend your lives and Ho will bo appease \. Such a
o.ie,' naming him, ' has again committed a serious fault for which I
wisliod to expel him from among us ; but tho Faiaisr Superior told
me : Wait till spring and he will reform. Tho Fatlior is too good to
h.ivi; waited SO long ; Spring is past ;iud he has not reformed. lie
draws the devil amtJiig us, aud that is the source of all our misfor-
tunes. Tray then for us, all of you ; for wo know not what will bo-
cjme of us on account of our offences.'

" In a pul)lic harangue made in tho churcli, in which Rev. Father lo
Qiiieiii had rebuked the young men, this chief raised his voice aud
made a public and general confession of all tho faults that ho had com-

' Father John de Quen. Ante ii.,

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IIISTOUV OK M:\V IIIVNCE

807

luillcd from tho ftf,''' "' hovoii ycarH, when ho hcfiitno •» ('lirintiaii, iidil-
iiig : ' It iH I, l)i'ctlii'i'n, wlio ilniw down idl llirwd iiiiscrics tlmt liffiill iis ;
you Ht'O it l)y wlmt I liiivu jiiHt iiiiidc kiKtwii of my iiilldrlity to (linl's
graces, oitico I became Hm child ; hut Ho is ^'ood ; tiiku heart, do ikpI
deHpuir ; if we Hcrve Hiii , Ho will nhow us mercy.'

" An ludiiiu womiui siiid iit oiu' lultioo : 'dod iloes mo iiiiiuy fiivorn ;
formerly flie deiith of my ciuldri'U ho iiiUieted me, thiit notliiu>( in tiio
world could console me ; now my mind is so convinced of (lod's wisdoiii
iind j^'oodiU'ss, tiiiit hIioiiM Ho deprive me of tlicm nil, I should not I'cil
Hiiil; for I think in myself, if ii lonyer life were iioeessiiry for my child tiio
better to work out its Hiilvntioii, Ho who mndo nil, would not, rchise it,
since Ho is HO good and n.itliiug is impossible to Him: now thiit Ilo
Hunuuons it to Himself, we must siiy, since Ho kiu)ws nil, tliat H(t per-
haps sees that it would ceases to believe in Him, luid commit sins wiiich
would plun^'e it into hell. In this tliouf^dit I siiy to Him: ' I)i,spos(- of
mo, Thou who hast made all, and of my eliildren. ShoiiUlsl 'I'iiou try nn^
in all possible manners, yet will I nvwv (;ease to Iji'lieve in Thee, or lovo
and obey Thee, for I will all that Tiioii wilt.' Tiien I say to my childreu
whom I see die : ' Go, my child; g.), beh )ld in licaven Him who made all
when you are there, pray to Him for me, that I too nniy <^l^ thither when
I die. I vv-ill olVer up prayers for your soul, that you may soon leave pur-
gatory.' This same woman, Louisa, one day came to mi- to recite a
long prayer that she had composed for the warriors. It was conceived in
such touel'-ng terms, that my heart was melted, (iod .se<'nis to<leli;,'lit in
trying her faith, depriving her uf all her eiiiUiren one after iinolher sinco
her baptism.

" You tec by tho little that I have said, tins sentiments of our good
Christians. Their conseieuccs are so tender, that a young man and wo-
man having this year taken their child on their hunt, it died in the woods
in their arms. They had so gixat a iear of displeasing (iod by burying
it in unconseerated earth, that for three or foia- months, the mother al-
ways carried it around her neck over precipices, rocks, through woods,
snow and ice with untold hardship. They came here for Easter, and in-
terred their child, which they presented wrapped up in a skin."

" It is ravishing," says she in another letter to ihe same, September 10,
IG'IG,' " to see our good SyUeri Indians, and the great care they tala; tkat
God be properly served in their town ; that the laws of the Church \k,
inviolably kept and faults punished so as to appease (lo,l. One of tho
great auyieties of the chiefs is to banish all that can occasion sin In general

I (.'lioix dc Li'ttrcH IliKtoriqiRS, \i. 140.

308

HISTORY OP NEW FRANCE.

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i

or in particular. Ton cannot visit the chapel without finding some In-
dian at prayer with so much devotion that it is a ravishing sight. If
any one is found who belies his faith or Christian morals, he withdraws
into self exile, well aware that, wilUng or unwilling, he must do penance or
be shamefully expelled from the town. Some days ago a young man had
a disagreement with his wife ; they were brought before the chiefs, who
condemned the man to be put in irons in a cellar of the fort, there to fast
three days on bread and water ; and the woman was condemned to the
same punishment, which was executed in our monastery. These poor
people performed their penance with so much devotion, that I believe
their fault was remitted the moment the sentence was pronounced. The
woman would not have even a handful of straw under her ; ' for, said
she, 'I wish to pay God, whom I have offended.'"

5-i-i

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f

DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER.

Portrait of Mgr. Laval, first Bishop of Quebec (to face title).

rAQE

Map of the Eastern Part ok New France, ok Canada 9

Medal struck by Louis XIV. on the Victory at Quebec 1 90

Fac-similes.. of Canadian Officers 211